Earth Observation

Satellite Data for

Operation Purposes and

Data Distribution

By

KWOH Leng Keong, Director CRISP

E-mail : lkkwoh@nus.edu.sg

Tel : 65-65163220

International Workshop on Earth Observation Small

Satellites for Remote Sensing Application, Kuala Lumpur 20-23

November 2007

13m X band Antenna (Installed in Sep ‘95)

6m X band Antenna (Installed in Nov ’99)

CRISP has ordered new 8.5 m X band antenna, to meet our future requirements

ASEAN Ground

Stations

Vie

tnam

(’07

)

Th

ail

an

d(’

82

)

Ma

lays

ia(’

03

)

Sin

gap

ore

(’95

)

Indo

nes

ia(’

93)

Satellite Data CRISP received since 1995:

1.

SPOT 1,2,4 (France, Sep 1995)–

1,1

70,5

00 s

cen

es

2.

ERS 1,2 (Europe, M

ar 1996)–28,300 scenes

3.

RADARSAT 1 (Canada, Apr 1997 till 1999)–12,000 scenes

4.

SeaWiFS(U

SA, Sep 1999)

5.

TERRA M

ODIS (USA, March 2001)

6.IKONOS (USA, August 2001)

7.

EROS (Israel, October 2001) –suspended due to ground equipment failure

8.

AQUA M

ODIS (USA, July 2002)

9.SPOT 5 (October 2002) –

395

,000

sce

nes

10.ERS-2 Low Bit Rate (Scatterometer, Gomeetc)

CRISP Ground Station

Land / Forest Fire

monitoring

Daily Fire Monitoring in CRISP using

high resolution satellite imagery

•Background: During the 1997/98 El-Nino event, Singapore, like many

other countries in the region, experienced severe haze.

•The National Environment Agency (NEA) decided to adopt measures

in advance of another occurrence of serious haze.

•CRISP demonstrated the possibility of obtaining clear, unambiguous

views of fire using high resolution satellite imagery.

•Contract established in 1998 for NEA to purchase SPOT 1 and 2

data from CRISP to locate fires in the region.

•SPOT 4 and 5 added subsequently in 2000. Easier to detect fires

due to the shortwave infrared (SWIR) band.

•SPOT satellite has oblique viewing of +/-30 degrees giving each

satellite a revisit of about 4 days near the equator

•3 SPOT satellites thus provide 1~2 days revisit capability

SP

OT

SP

OT

-- 4 :

The a

dditio

na

l short

4 :

The a

dditio

na

l short

-- wave infr

are

d (

SW

IR)

band

wave infr

are

d (

SW

IR)

band

enab

les f

ires t

o b

e d

ete

cte

d m

ore

easily

. F

ires a

ppear

as b

right

enab

les f

ires t

o b

e d

ete

cte

d m

ore

easily

. F

ires a

ppear

as b

right

red p

atc

hes w

hile

veg

eta

tion a

ppears

in s

had

es o

f gre

en.

red p

atc

hes w

hile

veg

eta

tion a

ppears

in s

had

es o

f gre

en.

Fires in 2006

•The yearly vegetation fires in Sumatra and

Kalim

antan were m

ade worse in 2006 by the

onset of a mild El-Nino event.

•This brought drier weather at the tail end of

the fire season (September and October) to

South Sumatra and Kalim

antan.

•The fires in South Sumatra and Kalim

antan

were the most severe in recent years. The

PSI in Singapore (on Oct 7) also hit the

highest level since 1997.

SPOT Image of Forest Fire in

South Sumatra, 28 Sep 2006

SPOT4 Image, Sep 28, 2006

Red regions –recent burning activities (ground still very hot)

IKONOS Image, September 29, 2006

Systems of Canals, indicating intention of converting to

plantations

Comparison of hotspots in September

Hotspots, 2nd half of September

2005

Hotspots, 2nd half of September

2006

Comparison of hotspots in October

Hotspots, 1st half of October

2005

Hotspots, 1st half of October

2006

Mild El-Nino delayed Sep Rains till Late November,

resulting in an extended dry period

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Monthly Fire Count (Sumatra)

1999 - 2005 Mean

2006

Oil Pollution

The Song San Case

•Oil tanker Song San discharged oil into the sea off

the west coast of Singapore in August 1996.

•CRISP acquired an ERS image showing Song San

discharging a 5-km long plume of oil. The image was

presented to MPA to assist their investigation.

•The owner, agent, and officers of Song San pleaded

guilty and were fined a total of $1.25 million.

•The ERS image was the first satellite image in the

world accepted as court evidence in an ocean

pollution case.

Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing

C R

I S

P

Worst Oil Spill in Singapore History

•Two tankers collided in the Singapore Strait on 16

October 1997.

•28,000 tonnes of oil spilled into the sea.

•Clean-up operation successfully carried out

immediately after the collision.

•Residual oil slicks drifted up the Malacca Strait;

remote sensing images used to monitor the

situation.

The wrecked tanker after the collision on 16 Oct 1997

Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing

C R

I S

P

•Panama-registered tanker NatunaSea ran

aground in shipping lane between Indonesia and

Indonesia at dawn 3 October 2000.

•7,000 tonnes of crude oil spilled into the sea.

Tanker Oil Spill in 2000

ERS Image on 11 October 2000

ERS Image on 11 October 2000

©©CNES 2000

CNES 2000

Oil

Oil

2004 Tsunami

10 Jan 2003

29 Dec 2004

Banda Aceh

19 km x 22 km

Banda Aceh

Banda Aceh

Lhoknga

Lhoknga

IKONOS Image Acquisition loop

Singapore HATF HQ

Other Agencies

CRISP

Control and

Command

X-Band

S-Band

Activity W

indow

Request

(3 days in advance)

Space Imaging

POC

SAME DAY DATA

DELIVERY

Real Time

Image

Downlink

SPOT 5 Image Acquisition loop

Singapore HATF HQ

Other Regional

Image Receiving

Station

SPOT Image

CRISP

Control and

Command

X-Band

S-Band

Real Time Image

Downlink

data transfer via

internet

International

Disaster

Charter

Programming

Request

CNES

SAME DAY DATA

DELIVERY

10 Jan 2003

Pre-tsunami

15 Jan 2005

Tsunami

1 Feb 2006

13 months

after tsunami

Flood Monitoring

(Not Effective with optical

sensor due to clouds)

e.g. Thailand Flooding, May 2006

Flooding in Thailand (SPOT 4, 26 May 2006)

Data Distribution

CRISP/NUS Investment into

SPOT Asia in 2005

CRISP

NUS Tech

Holdings

NUS

SPOT ASIA

SPOT

Image

SOME HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

LEADING TO CRISP INVESTMENT

•CRISP began SPOT data reception and processing in

September 1995

•CRISP entered into marketing agreement for SPOT Asia

to distribute CRISP data and service (from 1995)

•In 2000+, CRISP and SPOT Image has been in

dicussionsto strengthen this marketing co-operation

•Result is CRISP’sinvestment into SPOT Asia in late

2005

•This is a mutual beneficial win-win partnering between

CRISP and SPOT Image

SPOT Asia, GeoEye, CRISP Co-operation for

IKONOS Data Distribution in SEAsia

Customer /

local agent

Master Reseller for

SE Asia Region

Data order to

SPOT Asia,

Data from

SPOT Asia

Order to

GeoEye

Successful

data to

SPOT Asia

Acquisition

Request

from

GeoEye

GeoEye

SPOT

Asia

CRISP

GS

Fulfilled

orders

Unfulfilled Orders

Equilibrium

point

Supply

(Inelastic

and limited)

Demand Curve

Price

Quantity

Supply and Demand Curve for Optical VHR Imagery

0%

40%

Statistics of 10% Cloud Cover SPOT Scenes by

Month –Derived from CRISP’sSPOT Archive

Cummulative Frequency of Cloud Cover Statistics

Cld QuotesSPOT 2,4

SPOT 5

IKONOS

A3

10

23

B14

25

36

C39

44

46

D70

76

68

E100

100

100

Period between 1 Oct 2002 and 1 Oct 2003

Latitude between –5 deg to + 15 deg

IKO

NO

S h

as

nea

r re

al

tim

e d

irec

t ta

skin

g (

wit

h l

ate

st w

eath

er i

nfo

rma

tio

n)

SP

OT

5 C

lou

d Q

uote

ha

s b

een

len

ien

t

SP

OT

5 p

rog

ram

min

g b

ias

to c

oast

al/

sea

reg

ion

Applications in the Region

Land Use

75%

Cadastral

4%

Oil Palm

12%

Oil and Gas

4%

Mining

5%

Forestry

50%

Env

1%

Cartography

30%

Coastal

1%

Land Use

13%

Others

5%

SPOT 5

IKONOS

(data

court

esy o

f S

PO

T A

sia

)

Thank

Thank

You

You