Earth Observation applied to Cultural Heritage ...€¦ · ArchEO (Optical Remote Sensing for...

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Earth Observation applied to Cultural Heritage Applications: current capabilities, limitations and future perspectives

Chris Stewart & Philippe Martimort

24/04/2017

Chris Stewart & Philippe Martimort | 24/04/2017 | Slide 2ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Outline of Presentation

➢ EO capabilities for Cultural Heritage Management:

o Optical

▪ ESA research project: ArchEO

o Radar

▪ ESA demonstration project: HORUS

o Topographic mapping and structural monitoring

▪ Millenium Tower (ESA SEOM INSARAP)

▪ Venice (ESA/DLR)

➢ International collaboration: “Open Initiative”

➢ Events organised by ESA on EO for Cultural Heritage

o Workshops

o Trainings

Chris Stewart & Philippe Martimort | 24/04/2017 | Slide 3ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official UseLasaponara & Masini, 2012

Archaeological distinguishing marks in optical images

Satellite multispectral analysis of vegetation/soil conditions.

Crop marks = NIRSoil marks = RedMoisture marks = SWIR

EO capabilities for Cultural Heritage Management: OpticalArchaeological Prospection through Proxies


EO capabilities for Cultural Heritage Management: OpticalArchaeological Prospection through Proxies

Enhancement of crop marks in NIR

Enhancement of crop marks in UV

Archaeological site at Hierapolis, Turkey. IKONOS pan-sharpened NIR, R, G. Credits: Evaristo Ricchetti, University of Bari, Italy

Comparison between a visible frame (A) and enhanced UV photogaph (C) of an excavation site

Credits: G. VERHOEVEN Proceedings of the 1st International EARSeL Workshop "Advances on Remote Sensing for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Management"

Typical spectral reflectance curves of common earth surface materials in the visible and near to mid-infrared range. Credits: Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, India


ArchEO (Optical Remote Sensing for Archaeological

Prospection)

ESA research project: ArchEO

• Duration: Two years (2014 - 2016).

• Team: Wasat Sp., in cooperation with the

University of Poznan.

• Budget: 180K euros.

1st ESA Polish Industry Incentive Scheme for new member states

Assessment of the use of EO techniques for the discovery and analysis of the archaeological heritage in Central Europe.

Optical EO satellite imagery are processed to identify the most efficient techniques for discovering traces of buried archaeological features over a number of Polish archaeological sites.

http://www.projectarcheo.eu/


McCauley et al., 1982 showed how SIR-A, (L-band,

24 centimeter), on the space shuttle Columbia in

November 1981 penetrated the hyperarid Selima

Sand Sheet, dunes, and drift sand of the eastern

Sahara, and revealed previously unknown buried

valleys, geologic features, and potential Stone Age

occupation sites.

The depth of radar penetration (laboratory

measurements) = at least 5 meters.

Field studies = at least 1 meter in the Selima Sand

Sheet and in drift sand and 2 or more meters in

sand dunes.

Many other studies since, e.g.

Mojave Desert of California, SEASAT imagery.

(Blom et al., 1984 )

Al Labbah Plateau, Saudi Arabia, SIR-B (Berlin et

al., 1986)

Nevada desert, USA, SIR-B (Farr et al., 1986)

Taklamakan Desert in China, SIR-A, (Holcomb,

1992, 1996)

Arabian Peninsula, SIR-C, (Dabbagh et al., 1997)

Pyla Dune, France, RAMSES, (Paillou et al., 2003)

Palmyra, Syria, TerraSAR-X, (Linck et al., 2013)

6Credits: Adapted by Farouk El-Baz from http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/deserts/remote/

EO capabilities for Cultural Heritage Management: RadarSAR in desert regions


Detection of Archaeological Sites

ESA demonstration project: HORUS

HORUS (Heritage Observation and

Retrieval Under Sand)

Detection of Illegal Excavations


EO capabilities for Cultural Heritage Management: Topographic MappingTechniques for Generating Digital Elevation Models

•LIDAR

•Photogrammetry

• InSAR

An Innovative Photogrammetric Solutionshttp://photogrammetrist.blogspot.it/2012/09/photogrammetry-vs-lidar.html

GIS Resourceshttp://www.gisresources.com/basic-of-photogrammetry_2/

Globesarhttp://www.globesar.com/technology/


Structural Monitoring with Repeat Pass InSARMillennium Tower, San Francisco

Sentinel-1 radar data show ground displacement of downtown San Francisco. While green indicates no detected movement, points in yellow, orange and red indicate where structures are subsiding, or sinking.

Copyright Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2015–16) / ESA SEOM INSARAP study / PPO.labs / Norut / NGU


‘Open Initiative on the Use of Space Technologies to Support the World Heritage Convention’

• Space Agencies

• Universities and Research Institutes

• Private Sector

• International Symposium/Congress

The ‘Open Initiative’ aims to develop a framework of co-operation in order to assist developing countries, through space technologies, to improve their natural and cultural conservation activities.

On 18 June 2003 at the Paris Air Show in Le Bourget (France), UNESCO and the European Space Agency (ESA) signed an agreement to encourage Earth observation satellites to be used to monitor cultural and natural World Heritage sites.

The signing of the Agreement officially launched the ‘Open Initiative on the Use of Space Technologies to Support the World Heritage Convention’.


Workshops and Training Events on EO for Cultural Heritage

• ESA/EARSeL workshops on Advances in Remote Sensing for Cultural Heritage:

2008, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015 (next in 2018 in Cyprus)

• ESA/EARSeL training courses on Remote Sensing for Archaeology: 2012, 2013,

2015.


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