Earth: Inside and Out
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Transcript of Earth: Inside and Out
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Earth: Inside and Out
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Key Ideas•How is the Earth’s interior structured?
•How has the appearance of the Earth changed over time?
•What geologic Features are common near tectonic plate boundaries?
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Where did the Earth come from?•http://www.mnh.si.edu/earth/main_frames
.html
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Geologic Time•http://www.eram.k12.ny.us/education/com
ponents/docmgr/default.php?sectiondetailid=17500&fileitem=6776&catfilter=449&PHPSESSID=f7224dbc8e13359ed2bb68e998eed97a
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Earth’s Interior•Three parts:
1. Crust2. Mantle3. Core
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Crust•Only makes up 1% of Earth’s mass. •Continental crust averages about 12-25
miles deep.•Oceanic crust averages about 3-5 miles
deep.
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Mantle•Lays beneath the crust.•Denser than the crust.•Makes up 80% of the Earth’s interior.•About 1800 miles deep.•Humans have never drilled all the way to
the mantle.
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Core•Core makes up 19% of Earth’s mass.•Composed mainly of iron and nickel.•Two layers – inner and outer core.•Inner core – solid metal•Outer core – liquid metal
•http://www.mnh.si.edu/earth/main_frames.html
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Hot, Hot, Hot!!!•The temperature of the Earth increases
with depth.
•The Earth’s interior contains radioactive isotopes.
•As uranium, thorium and potassium decay, they release energy that is stored in the core.
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Plate Tectonics•Alfred Wegener
hypothesized that all of the continents might have been part of one landmass in the past before they drifted apart.
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Plate Tectonics•The
continents fit together like pieces of a puzzle.
•The landmass was called Pangaea.
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Plate Tectonics•Fossil record showed that the continents
were at one time, one landmass.
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Plate Tectonics•How did the
continents get to their current location???
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Continental Drift•Continental Drift Theory is the theory that
the Earth’s surface is made up of large moving plates.
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•http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/tecall1_4.mov
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Continental Drift•Where’s the evidence?
•Changing magnetic fields discovered on either side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
•Suggests that the crust was moving away from the plate boundary in both directions.
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Continental Drift •Lithosphere = crust + upper portion of
mantle
•Lithosphere is made up of 8 large plates(and 9 smaller plates) called tectonic plates.
•Tectonic plates move from 1-10cm per year.
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What makes tectonic plates move?•Hypothesis One – convection currents in
the asthenosphere , the hot, plastic portion of the mantle moves the plates.
•Hypothesis Two – plates are driven by the force of gravity acting on their own massive weight.
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•http://www.mnh.si.edu/earth/main_frames.html