Early Societies in East Asia. Early Aryan India Aryans – Nomadic and pastoral peoples speaking...
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![Page 1: Early Societies in East Asia. Early Aryan India Aryans – Nomadic and pastoral peoples speaking Indo-European languages who migrate into the Indian subcontinent.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c945503460f94950d76/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Period 1: Technological and Environmental Transformations to
600 B.C.E.Early Societies in East Asia
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Early Aryan IndiaAryans – Nomadic
and pastoral peoples speaking Indo-European languages who migrate into the Indian subcontinent and settled throughout the Indus valley.
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The Aryans and IndiaEarly Aryans:
Heavily Pastoral Early On Sheep, goats, horses,
and cattle.
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The Aryans and IndiaEarly Aryans:
Utilized iron implements by 750 B.C.E. to farm and establish more permanent settlements.
More permanent settlements meant evolution of more established political and social organization
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Origins of the Caste SystemCaste System – Indian social system based
on hereditary and usually unchangeable status.
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Caste SystemBrahmans – Priests,
Nobles, High Government officials
Kshatriya – Warriors and Other Officials
Vaishya – Merchants, Landowners, and Artisians
Shudra – Peasants and laborers
Outcastes – Outsides of the Caste System
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SocietyPatriarchal SocietyThe Lawbook of Manu –
Dealt with proper moral behavior and social relationships including sex and gender relationships
Sati – Practice by which widows threw themselves in the funeral pyre of their deceased husbands.
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SocietyBhagayad Gita:
Ethical text of the Hindu Religion
Karma: The total effect of ones actions that determines destiny in the wheel of life and reincarnation.
Dharma: Ones duty to their caste.
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Aryan ReligionFocused heavily on rituals and ritual
sacrifices.
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BrahmanReligious belief that each person
participates in a larger cosmic order and forms a small part of a universal soul.