Early Explorers
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Transcript of Early Explorers
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Early Explorers
First Steps in a New Land
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Columbus Sights a New World
• Lands Caribbean island October 1492
• Italian sailing under Spanish flag
• Spain claims most of S. America, Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, & part of present-day U.S.
• Columbus returned to Americas 3 times
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New Spain• Conquistadors – Spanish
soldiers seeking gold and glory for themselves– Built towns, laid out roads,
opened mines, developed farms/ranches
• Friars – Catholic priests– Convert natives to Catholic
faith; established missions (religious settlements) 3
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Cortés Lands in Mexico
• Feb 1519 – Hernan Cortés sails from Cuba to Mexico with 500 soldiers
• Aztecs welcomed Cortés – believed he was a god (Quetzalcoatl)
• Aztec capital city (Tenochtitlán) – palaces, zoos, gold, silver
• Spanish imprisoned & killed Aztec leader (Moctezuma) then torn down capital and took treasures – rebuilt and renamed Mexico City
• Because of treasures, other Spanish are inspired 4
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Álvarez de Pineda Explores Texas
• 1519 – Alonso Álvarez de Pineda becomes 1st European to explore Texas coast
• Sailed from Florida to Mexico
• Stopped at mouth of Río de las Palmas (Rio Grande)
• Died in 1520 in Native American uprising in Mexico 5
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Shipwrecked in Texas
• 1527 – Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca sailed from Florida for glory and gold
• Shipwrecked on Galveston Island (Malhado – isle of misfortune)
• Karankawas help out but most Spanish died from disease and exposure to elements
• Cabeza de Vaca & Estevanico (1st black man in Tex.) adopt ways of Karankawas and become shamans
• Traveled throughout Texas and learned much about surrounding geography
• In Texas for nearly 6 years 6
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Early Explorers
The Spanish Explore Texas
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The Quest for Gold
• Cabeza de Vaca had heard stories of riches of copper, emeralds, and turquoise
• Cabeza de Vaca describes adventure– Huge herds of “cows” with small horns– Vast and handsome land– Very Fertile
• Spaniards inspired to send treasure-seeking expeditions
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Where did Cabeza de Vaca probably get his ideas about
riches in Texas?
From Native Americans with whom he had come in contact
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Fray Marcos Leads a New Expedition
• 1539 – Viceroy Mendoza sends priest to check out Cabeza de Vaca’s stories
• Estevanico (Esteban)– Shipwrecked with Cabeza de Vaca– Rode ahead; sent back reports of seven cities of gold and
other riches– 1st black in Texas (killed by Zuni Indians)
• Cibola – Pueblo in Arizona and New Mexico border– Looked golden at sunset 10
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Why did Fray Marcos conclude that there was a Cibola with
seven cities of gold?
He saw a pueblo at sunset, which made it look golden, and he
imagined that there were other such cities. 11
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Coronado Is Disappointed
• 1540 – Francisco Vazquez de Coronado led an expedition of more than 300 to find Cibola (no gold – just adobe)
• Met Pawnee Indian (Turk) in present-day Santa Fe, New Mexico
• Turk told of fabulous riches further east in Quivira
• Disappointed about not finding riches, Turk is put to death
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How would you feel if you were Coronado?
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Moscoso Explores East Texas
• 1539 - Hernan de Soto landed in Florida– 1st time European reached Mississippi– Died in 1542
• Moscoso takes command – reaches East Texas
• Explored as far as Brazos River – found no riches – returned to Mississippi River
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How did de Soto and Moscoso reach Texas?
By land, probably on horseback
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New Mexico is Founded
• Interest in Texas decreasing due to lack of riches
• 1609 – Spaniards set up permanent colony on upper Rio Grande (no gold)
• Explored as far as present-day San Angelo
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Lady in Blue
• Maria de Jesus de Agreda
• Spanish nun
• Claimed to visited Texas over 500 times (1620-1631)
• Never left Spain
• Indians told stories of being taught by a “Lady in Blue”
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Why did the Spanish make few attempts to settle the region
now known as Texas?
They sought gold but found none, so they thought the region was not
worth settling.18
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Early Explorers
La Salle Awakens Spanish Interest19
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France Challenges Spanish Claims
• Rene Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle– 1682 – 1st European to navigate Mississippi River
– Named the land Louisiana (honor of Louis XIV)
– 1684 – 2nd expedition to New World• Mouth of Mississippi River
• Blown off course with storm
• Landed in Matagorda Bay (near present-day Corpus Christi)
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French Flags Flies Over Texas
• Ft. St. Louis built near Matagorda Bay– Settlers overworked, poor food, disease, and
conflict with the Native Americans
• La Salle leaves to explore area
• La Salle murdered by unhappy follower
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Results of La Salle’s Expedition
• Spanish shifts focus from western Texas to eastern Texas– Extensive exploration in northern Gulf
Coast shore
• Provided U.S. a reason to claim Texas as part of Louisiana Purchase (1803)– Caused arguments between U.S. and Spain
for years over borders
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Causes/Effects of Spanish Settlement of Texas
• Causes– Spanish explorers
hope to find riches in Texas
– Spanish priests want to spread Christianity
– Spain feels threatened by growing presence of French in Texas
• Effects– Spanish interest in
Texas is renewed
– Spain makes strong effort to establish colonies and force out French
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Explorers Summary
• 1492 – Christopher Columbus• 1519 – Cortes in Mexico; Pineda maps Texas coast• 1528 – Cabeza de Vaca in Texas• 1540 – Coronado finds Cibola (no gold)• 1541 – Coronado finds Quivira (no gold); De Soto
explores Mississippi River• 1609 – Spanish establish Santa Fe, New Mexico colony• 1685 – La Salle establishes Ft. St. Louis near
Matagorda Bay• 1687 – Spain shifts focus to eastern Texas
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