Early Childhood Programs: Lasting Benefits and Large Returns › wp-content › uploads › 2018 ›...

Early Childhood Programs: Lasting Benefits and Large Returns

Amy Hornbeck

NJSBA May 4, 2018

Copyright NIEER- No reproduction without permission

Brain development

First 5 years are a time of rapid brain development

Early experience influences brain building for better or worse

Adverse early impacts on the brain affect physical & mental health

ECE PROGRAMS CAN STIMULATE BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND INCREASE ACHIEVEMENT


Achievement Gaps Exist at Many Income Levels

Lost Potential

Growth

Barnett, W. S. (2007). Original analysis of data from the US Department of Education, National Center for

Educational Statistics, ECLS-K Base Year Data files and Electronic Codebook (2002).


What do we know about Achievement Gaps?

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Benefits of High-Quality ECE

Direct Impacts on Children

Increased school readiness and success

Decreased special education and grade repetition

Improved social and emotional development

Decreased risky behavior and better health

Impacts on Parents

Increased employment and earnings

Impacts on Society

Lower costs of school, social services, crime, health care

Higher productivity, earnings & economic growth

Less educational, social and economic inequalityCopyright NIEER- No reproduction without permission

Economic Returns to Pre-K

Source: Ramon, I., Chattopadhyay, S. K., Barnett, W. S., Hahn, R. A., & Community Preventive Services Task

Force. (2018). Early Childhood Education to Promote Health Equity: A Community Guide Economic Review.

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 24(1), e8-e15.

Program Cost Benefits B/C

Perry Pre-K $20,854 $179,446 8.6

Chicago CPC $9,719 $105,294 10.8

State Pre-K $5,719 $30,491 5.3


What does all the evidence say: Cognitive gains from 0-5 ECE in the US (123 studies since 1960)

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Treatment End Ages 5-10 Age >10

Effe

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Age at Follow-UpNote: 1 sd = achievement gap, so High Quality preschool closes

nearly half the achievement gap

All Designs HQ Programs


Among young children who are low income,

few have access to high quality pre-KCopyright NIEER- No reproduction without

permission

Pre-K Access by Income (Age 4)Any High-Quality

56.652.7

67.4

76.8

18.2 20.026.0 28.9

LOW MIDDLE-LOW MIDDLE-HIGH HIGHCopyright NIEER- No reproduction without

permission

What is High Quality Pre-K?

• Intentional, artful, and scientific teaching

• Responsive and individualized

• Strong curriculum integrating all domains: strong hearts & strong minds

• Emphasizing unconstrained skills, especially rich language interactions

• Partnering with parents and community

• First steps in a coherent P-3 educationCopyright NIEER- No reproduction without

permission

• Early learning standards and program guidelines

• Teachers w/ BA degree and specialized training

• Maximum class size of 15 children

• Two years from age 3, 6 hrs. + wrap around

• Maximum class size of 15 children

• Evidence-based curriculum

• In-class coaching for all teachers

• Tools to measure progress and plan improvement

• Part of systemic reform of P-3 education

NJ Court Ordered Pre-K Model: 31 Cities


How Do We Get High Quality?

• High expectations

• Adequate funding

• Strong teachers

• Small classes

• Full day

• Other supports for children and teachers

• Continuous Impr.Copyright NIEER- No reproduction without permission

Continuous Improvement is a Key

to Quality

Set learning and program standards Measure and

assess progress

Analyze results and plan

improvements

Implement improvements

Continuous Improvement Cycle

http://www.nj.gov/education/ece/guide/Copyright NIEER- No reproduction without permission

Professional Development and Continuous Quality Improvement


NJ Model Transformed Pre-K Quality


3.9

19.9

34.6

27.7

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1.70.0 0.24.2

32.2

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ECERS-R Score (1=minimal, 3=poor 5= good 7=excellent)

00 Total (N = 232) 08 Total (N = 407)

NJ Raised Quality in Public and Private


NJ Model Raised Achievement (Grades 4 and 5)

.12

.18 .17.14

.17

.26

.22

.37

.29

.37

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LAL 4th LAL 5th Math 4th Math 5th Science 4 th

1 year Abbott pre-k 2 year Abbott pre-kCopyright NIEER- No reproduction without

permission

NJ Pre-K Cut Retention & Special Ed. (Grade 5)

12% 12%

19%

17%

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Retention Special Education

Abbott Pre-K No Abbott Pre-K


1 Year of NJ Abbott Pre-K: Effects Over Time

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PPVT Read MathCopyright NIEER- No reproduction without

permission

2 Years of Abbott Pre-K Effects Over Time

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PPVT Read MathCopyright NIEER- No reproduction without

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Increased Quality in NJ Pre-K Improved Education Outcomes

• Gains in language, literacy, math

• 2 years have twice the effect of 1

• 2 years closed 40% of the achievement gap

• Effects sustained through 2nd grade

• Grade repetition cut in half by 2nd grade


What can you do in your district?

• Make sure Pre-K is on the radar of administrators in your district.

• Begin planning now for how you would expand in your district should funding become available.

• Ensure that everyone understands the benefits of collaborating with child care and head start programs.

• Push your superintendent to ensure that principals or other administrators that supervise Pre-K have specialized training.


Takeaway Lessons

1. High Quality programs have shown persistent effects across various cognitive and behavioral domains.

2. Pre-K varies in initial and long-term effects—can only expect persistent gains from large initial gains, and that requires quality.

3. Proper design, high standards, adequate funding, and evaluation can ensure high cost/benefits

4. Essence of quality is strong individualized teacher-child interaction, especially 1:1 and in small groups.

5. High-quality preschool benefits both low- and middle income children, with substantial effects on both groups, but greater impact on children living in or near poverty and/or DLLs

6. ECEC can be a strong public investment: Increased educational achievement and attainment, Decreased economic and educational inequality and fewer social problems and Job and GDP growth (local and national).


Will you choose quality pre-K

for all?


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