Shortcoming of Progressive Movement

Failure to eliminate segregation & discrimination

Booker T. Washington (1890-1915)

• Path: Vocational training; economic independence by owning farms, homes, & small businesses, gradual improvement.

• Supporters: AA who avoided conflict or believed in vocational education

• Critics: WEB DuBois• Terms: Tuskegee Institute• Success: Some “normalcy schools” did

become black colleges

Booker T. Washington

WEB DuBois (Late 1800s-early 1900s)

• Path: Higher education to economic gains, vigorous protests, racial pride

• Supporters: AA who wanted equality• Critics: Pacifists• Terms: Niagara Movement (where NAACP

was formed)• Success: Influenced Civil Rights Movement of

1950-60s

WEB DuBois

Marcus Garvey (1916-1925)

• Path: Black Separatism, Back-to-Africa Movement, economic self-sufficiency, Black pride

• Supporters: DuBois in terms of racial pride• Critics: DuBois• Terms: Mother Africa• Success: Not many moved to Africa. Start of

Black Pride.

Marcus Garvey