Early 19th Century Reformers

Women’s Rights Movement

Cult of domesticity Housework & child care only proper

activities for married women Seneca Falls Convention

Women’s rights convention Was where the “Declaration of

Sentiments” was writtenProvided women w/ increased

opportunities to act outside the home

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Co-wrote “Declaration of

Sentiments” w/ Lucretia Mott and Susan B. Anthony

Elizabeth Blackwell 1st woman doctor in U.S. Opened her own clinic

Lucretia Mott Co-wrote “Declaration of

Sentiments” w/ Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony

Margaret Fuller Advocated that women could have

opinions outside the “cult of domesticity”

Abolitionists Slavery was one of the biggest

issues leading up to the civil war

Abolition – the movement to end slavery

Frederick Douglass Black abolitionist Started a newspaper called “The

North Star”

William Lloyd Garrison White abolitionist Published The Liberator

Harriet Tubman Conductor of the underground

railroad

Nat Turner Led a revolt on a Virginia

Plantation Was caught and hanged

Sojourner Truth Abolitionist Feminist Public speaker on those issues Illiterate

Harriet Beecher Stowe Wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” One of the causes leading to the

Civil War

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Phase 1

Manufacturers made products by dividing the tasks involved among the workers

Phase 2 Manufacturers built factories to bring

specialized workers together Phase 3

Machines did the work and people operated them

Samuel Morse Invented telegraph (Morse Code) 1844

John Deere Invented steel-tipped plow

(1837)

Elias Howe & I.M. Singer Invented sewing machine (1846)

Cyrus McCormick Invented mechanical reaper

(1834)

Robert Fulton Invented Steamboat (1807)

Charles Goodyear Goodyear's discovery of what

came to be known as vulcanization strengthened rubber so it could be applied to a vast variety of industrial uses, including, eventually, automobile tires.

Peter Cooper 1st American Steam locomotive

(1830)

New Philosophies Many people sought alternative to

traditional religionTranscendentalism

Emphasized living a simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature & in personal emotion & imagination

Stressed American ideas of optimism, freedom, and self-reliance

Ralph Waldo Emerson Became known for challenging

traditional thought Chief spokesman for

Transcendentalism, (the American philosophic and literary movement)

Transcendentalism was a reaction against scientific rationalism

Henry David Thoreau Protested Mexican War Wrote “The Duty of Civil

Disobedience”

James Fenimore Cooper First major American novelist Best-known for tales of frontier

adventure including… “The Last of the Mohicans” (1826)

Washington Irving Has been called the father of the

American short story Wrote “The Legend of Sleepy

Hollow”

Nathaniel Hawthorne Wrote “The Scarlet Letter”

Herman Melville Best-known for his novels of the

sea Wrote “Moby Dick”

Edgar Allan Poe Known as the father of modern

mystery A master of the horror tale (I.e.

“The Raven”)

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Poet Known for rhymes from Mother

Goose Known for words to nursery

songs Was among the first American

writers to use native themes

Walt Whitman Incorporated natural speech

rhythms into poetry Wrote 7 editions of “Leaves of

Grass”

Emily Dickinson Poetry reflects her loneliness Was not publicly recognized during

her lifetime

Dorothea Dix Worked to help the mentally ill Reformed prison conditions Educated people on mental illness

Horace Mann Established modern public school

system; “Father of Public Schools” Developed an educational system

with grade levels & teacher training

John James Audubon Set up a society for the study of

birds

George Catlin Documented the tribal life of

Native Americans throughout his travels of the west

Joseph Smith

Was the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, also known as Mormonism,

Brigham Young Young moved the Mormons in an

exodus to Utah

Charles Grandison Finney Was a minister of the gospel who

became an important figure in the Second Great Awakening

Known as "the Father of modern revivalism"

Sarah & Angelina Grimke Daughters of a slave owner First women to publicly argue

against slavery

Susan B. Anthony Led the fight for women’s rights Her efforts led to the 19th

Amendment (women’s suffrage)