Ear, Nose and Throat/media/Files... · Ear, Nose and Throat . Dr Stephen Rodrigues . Head of...
Transcript of Ear, Nose and Throat/media/Files... · Ear, Nose and Throat . Dr Stephen Rodrigues . Head of...
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Ear, Nose and Throat Dr Stephen Rodrigues
Head of Department
GP education event
2 September 2017
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Solutions Pathways
Referral criteria
Fast Track Clinics
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ENT Topics
• Tonsillitis
• Rhinitis
• Sinusitis
• Hearing Loss & Tinnitus
• Vertigo
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Tonsillitis Indications for Surgery Recurrent Infection
Quinsy
Obstruction
Suspected malignancy
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Indications for consideration for tonsillectomy Paradise criteria :≥ 7 episodes in the preceding year, or≥ 5 episodes in each of the preceding 2 years, or≥ 3 episodes in each of the preceding 3 years. Extraordinary circumstances e.g., excessive time off work (> 3 weeks per year), or school (> 4 weeks per year) documented. Episodes must be well documented, clinically significant and adequately treated.
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Rhinitis Treatment mainly medical
Allergic
Non Allergic
Rinar
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Rhinitis History – Atopy, Asthma, Triggers
Examination – Rhinoscopy
Investigations – Skin test / RAST
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Rhinitis
Allergy test
Immunology review if
significant abnormality
6 week Trial Intranasal steroid
Refer ENT if nasal obstruction
persists
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Sinusitis Acute vs Chronic
Spectrum of disease - Rhinosinusitis
Same underlying pathophysiology
Hallmark is NASAL OBSTRUCTION, FACIAL PAIN, HEADACHE
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Differential Diagnosis Migraine
Tension Headache
Midfacial Pain Syndrome
TMJ Arthropathy
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Midfacial Pain Syndrome Common
Analagous to tension headache
Presentation similar to CRS
No nasal obstruction or rhinorrhoea
No improvement with antibiotics
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Midfacial Pain Syndrome Exclude CRS (Normal CT)
Low dose TCA for min 6/52
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Chronic Sinusitis Intranasal Steroids
Saline Irrigation
Second line treatments – antihistamines, Atrovent
Antibiotics – 6 week course of Roxithromycin
POLYPS
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Chronic Sinusitis
CT Paranasal Sinuses
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Facial Pain
Nasal Symptoms eg Obstruction, Mucus,
Postnasal drip
6 week trial of intranasal steroids, Saline irrigation
4 weeks of antibiotic therapy
CT paranasal sinuses if no improvement
Refer ENT
No nasal obstruction
Consider alternate diagnoses eg myofascial pain, tension headache,
CT paranasal sinuses
Refer ENT if significant abnormality
Refer orofacial pain specialist if CT negative
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Systemic symptoms Severe, persistent frontal headache Periorbital oedema or erythema Facial cellulitis Altered visual acuity or diplopia
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Hearing Loss and Tinnitus Common Audiology When to refer and where?
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Hearing Loss and Tinnitus DIAGNOSIS – Air and Bone Conduction Audiometry TREATMENT – SNHL – Hearing Aid -- CHL – Hearing aid / surgery ? NOTHING
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Hearing Loss and Tinnitus ENT Review - Conductive HL - SNHL not responsive to aids - Unable to wear aid eg infection - Asymmetric SNHL with imaging abnormalities
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Tinnitus Pulsatile vs non-pulsatile Unilateral vs bilateral Hearing status
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Tinnitus
Non-Pulsatile
Bilateral
Normal Examination
Refer Audiology for
audiogram and tinnitus
management
Abnormal examination
Refer ENT
Unilateral
Audiogram MRI IAM
MRI Normal
Refer audiology for
tinnitus therapy +/- hearing aid
MRI Abnormal
Refer ENT
Pulsatile
Audiogram Contrast CT Brain, Skull
Base and Neck
Refer ENT
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MRI ACCESS??
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Balance Clinic Long wait Undifferentiated referrals Many treatable
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Problems Wrong diagnosis ie NOT vertigo - Postural hypo tension - Arrhythmia – VT!!! - Migraine Symptoms gone
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Balance Clinic Vestibular Physio review Disc w ENT Consultant – d/c or review Review in combined Balance Clinic if required
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Balance Clinic Does it work??
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Key points – Health Pathways
Shift in approach
Improve access
Reduce unnecessary follow up
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