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EAN Australia

User Manual

EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding

Copyright, July 2004by EAN Australia Ltd

Unit 100, 45 Gilby Road

Mt Waverley Victoria 3149

Australia

Tel: 61 3 9558 9559

Fax: 61 3 9558 9551

National number:

1300 366 033

www.ean.com.au

Email: [email protected]

Edition 1, 2004


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Table of contents

Introduction

Disclaimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

UCC numbering and bar coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1UCC & EANUCC compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

EANUCC Alliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

The EANUCC system for identifying goods, services, assets &

locations

Basics and principles of the EANUCC system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Areas of application within the EANUCC system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Numbering system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Allocating global trade item numbers (GTINs) for retail trade items . . . . . . . . . . 7EAN/UCC-13 identification numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Items requiring separate numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10EAN/UCC-8 identification numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Calculating the EAN/UCC-13 check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Allocating global trade item numbers (GTIN) for non-retail trade items. . . . . . . 15EAN/UCC-13 identification number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16EAN/UCC-13 identification number with a filler zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16EAN/UCC-14 identification number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17EAN/UCC-14 identification numbers using the

UCC/EAN-128 bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Calculating the EAN/UCC-14 check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Global trade item numbers (GTINs) for variable measure non-retail items . . . . 20Types of variable measure items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Bar codes used to encode variable measure data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Global trade item numbers (GTINs) for non-retail trade items that contain itemscarrying EAN/UCC-8 numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Numbering transport units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Apply ing bar codes onto packaging

Application Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27On-site direct printing on packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Printing on packaging at source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Data Carrier (Bar code) options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Bar code size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Bar code height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Light Margin Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29EANUCC bar codes at nominal size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Dimensions of EAN-13 and EAN-8 bar codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Overall dimensions of ITF-14 bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Overall dimensions of UCC/EAN-128 bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Bar code colour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36


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Bar Code Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Testing to the ISO method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Parameters Assessed Using ISO Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Overall Symbol Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Bar code locationThe importance of correctly locating bar codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Basic principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

General guidelines for retail trade items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Identifying the back of the trade item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Specific retail trade items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Spot labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Cylindrical surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Bottles and jars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Blister pack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Cartons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Carded trade items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Egg cartons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Jugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Multipacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Over-wrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Random (Unregistered) Wrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Shrink film/vacuum-formed packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Magazines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Newspapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Exceptions to the general retail location guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Large, heavy, bulky trade itemsbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Large, heavy, bulky trade itemsother packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Bags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Apparel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Stick on and attached labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Products carrying more than one label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Hi-cone packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Horticultural trade items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Pharmaceutical trade items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Non-retail trade items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Cartons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Attribute data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Shallow trays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Film-wrapped trade items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Pallets/Logistics Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Pallets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69For pallets less than 400 millmetres in height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Global location numbers (GLNs)Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71


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GLN and EDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72When to change a GLN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

EANUCC Application Identi fiers

Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75Summary of AIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78Structures for AIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78Identification for trade itemsgeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78Identification for components of a trade item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81Traceability numbersgeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82Identification for datesgeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87Identification for quantitiesgeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89Identification for measurementsgeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91Identification for trade measurementsgeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91Logistics measurementsgeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94Identification for amount payable- general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96Identification for price per unit of measure of a variable measure trade item 98Identification for referencesgeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99Identification for locationsgeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102

Identification for special applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

70 Series Application Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

Identification of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110Global service relation number (GSRN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112Identification for couponsgeneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112

Identification for internal purposes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114Serial Shipping Container CodeSSCC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115The EANUCC Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115Using the SSCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116Structure of the SSCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117

Calculating the SSCC check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119ExampleSSCC number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119

The EANUCC logistics label

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121Information Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122

Components of the logistics label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123

Label design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124Supplier section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125Customer section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125Carrier section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

Label dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

Technical specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Symbology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126

Magnification factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126Bar code height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126Light margin areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127


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Bar code interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Bar code orientation and placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Plain text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Human translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Data titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128Label location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Cartons And Outer Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Pallets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131For pallets less than 400 millmetres in height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Examples of EANUCC logistics labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132The basic EANUCC logistics label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132An EANUCC logistics label with supplier section only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133An EANUCC logistics label with supplier and carrier sections . . . . . . . . . 134An EANUCC logistics label with supplier, customer and carrier sections . 134

Global trade item numbers for books and periodicals.

Book numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Add-on codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Periodical publications global trade item numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139When to change global trade item numbers for periodicals . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Variant (previously known as sequence variant) overview . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Variant for regular price changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Variant for special issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Variant for titles published daily or more than once a week . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Re-using variants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142Add-on codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Restr icted Distribution Global Trade Item Numbers

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145Recommended formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146Calculating a price check digitfour digit prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Calculating the price check digitfive digit prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

National solution for standard numbering of retail variable measure trade

items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

EAN-8 restricted distribution number and bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153Velocity Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154Coupon numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Applying UPC bar codes

Allocating global trade item numbers for retail items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

UCC-12 numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158UCC prefix (number system character). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Item reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Calculating the UCC-12 check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Zero suppressed UCC-12 numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161How to derive a zero suppressed number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Format of the UPC-E bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162


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Variable parity coding of the UCC prefix and check digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Decoding a UCC-12 zero suppressed number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164Human readable digits for UCC-12 zero suppressed numbers . . . . . . . . . 166Nominal dimensions of the UPC-E bar code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166Light margin areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167

UCC system for variable measure trade items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167Differences between UPC-A and EAN-13 bar codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

RSS & Composite Bar Codes

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171

Reduced Space Symbology (RSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174Symbology Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174Additional Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175RSS 14 Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176

RSS Limited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177RSS Expanded Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178Human Readable Interpretation in RSS Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179Width of a Module (X-dimension) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180Print Quality Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180Advice for Selecting the Symbology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180

EANUCC Composite Symbology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182EANUCC Composite Symbology Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182Symbol Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184

CC-A Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185CC-B Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186CC-C Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186Special Compressed Element String Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186Human Readable Interpretation in Composite Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187Width of a Module (X-dimension) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188Print Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188Advice for Selecting the Symbology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189

Appendices

EANUCC company prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193

Prefix values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199

List of figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

List of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216


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vi EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding Version 1, 2004


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Version 1, 2004 EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding 1

IntroductionThis manual aims to provide all necessary information to anyone interestedin the EANUCC system, or is involved in its implementation from

whatever point of view, in particular:

companies requiring to know how to number and apply bar codes to

items for the purpose of controlling the movement of goods and

services world-wide

retailers requiring information about the various EANUCC numbering

and bar coding options they may encounter or may use to meet their

own needs

members of the various professions who take part in the bar coding

operation by providing supplies or services, for example, printers,

graphic designers, film master suppliers, and manufacturers of

scanning or marking equipment.

For further information in relation to the technical aspects of all the

EANUCC symbologies and their production, please refer to theEAN

Australia User Manual - Symbology & Printing.

Disclaimer

Every possible effort has been made to ensure that the information and

specifications in this manual are correct, however EAN Australia expressly

disclaim liability for any errors. In addition, no warranty or representation

is made that this manual will not require modification due to developments

in technology or changes or additions to the EANUCC system.

UCC numbering and bar coding

In the United States of America (USA) and Canada the EANUCC system

is administered by the Uniform Code Council Inc. (UCC). The numbering

system is part of the EANUCC system and the data carriers presently

being used are the UPC-A, UPC-E, ITF-14 and UCC/EAN-128

symbologies.


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Introduction

2 EAN Australia User Manual - EANUCC Numbering and Bar Coding Version 1, 2004

UCC & EANUCCcompatibility

At present, the EANUCC system has one way compatibility with the UCC

system. This means that items numbered and bar coded under EANUCC

system rules cannot be scanned by all retailers in North America and

Canada. However, trade items carrying UCC-12 numbers are capable of

being scanned in all countries in the EANUCC community.

Retailers in the USA are gradually upgrading their systems, and full

compatibility should be achieved by January 1, 2005.

In the mean time, companies exporting to the USA are advised to ask their

distributors if EAN-13 & EAN-8 bar codes are acceptable to their retail

customers.

EANUCC Alliance

EAN Australia is part of an EANUCC Alliance whereby if companies in

Australia wishing to export to the USA need to bar code under the UCC

system, it is necessary for them to obtain dual membership of both EAN

Australia and UCC.

Contact EAN Australia for further information about obtaining UCC

number application forms.


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The EANUCC system foridentifying goods, services,assets & locations

Basics and principles of the EANUCC system

The EANUCC system provides for the use of unambiguous numbers toidentify goods, services, assets and locations world-wide. These numberscan also be shown as bar codes. The system is designed to overcome thelimitations of using company, organisation or sector specific coding

systems, and to make trading much more efficient and more responsive tocustomers.

These identifying numbers can also be used within EDI (Electronic DataInterchange) messages to improve the speed and accuracy ofcommunications. This manual only provides information about the

numbering system, the bar codes, and the scanning system. For informationabout EDI, please refer to the EANCOMguidelines available from EANAustralia.

As well as providing a unique system for item identification, the systemalso provides for additional information such as best before dates, serialnumbers, and batch numbers to be shown in a bar coded form. At themoment bar codes are used as the data carriers for the system, but this may

be expanded in the future to include other technologies such as radiofrequency tags. Any change would only take place after wide consultationand be subject to a significant changeover period.

Following the principles and design of the EANUCC system means thatusers can design applications to receive EANUCC data automatically. Thedata within each bar code can be seen as an unambiguous message and the

processing of this data can be fully pre-programmed.


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The EANUCC system for identifying goods, services, assets & locations


The system is designed to be used in any industry or trade sector, and anychanges to the system are introduced so that they do not harm current users.

Figure 1 Common elements of the EANUCC sys tem

Areas of application within the EANUCC system

Different areas of application are covered by the EANUCC system. Theseinclude: trade items, logistic units, assets and locations.

These applications rely on standard numbering structures by which allrelevant items and their data can be identified. The numbers are the keys to

access databases and to identify unambiguously items handled, in allmessages of a transaction. Numbering is for identification only. Allinformation that describes a product or a service and its characteristics are

to be found in databases. They are communicated from a supplier to a useronce, before the first transaction either by using standard messages or byconsultation of electronic catalogues.

The numbers are represented in bar codes to allow automatic data captureat each point where an item leaves or enters premises.

Bar codes are usually included in the production process, at the producersite. They may be pre-printed with other information present on the

packaging, a label can be affixed to the item at the production line, or theycan be printed directly on to the packaging on line.

The same numbers are also used in EDI messages to allow all informationon the transaction of the items thus identified, to be transferred to therelevant partners.

The standard numbering structures that are provided guarantee world-wideuniqueness within the relevant area of application.

IDENTIFICATION STANDARDS

AUTOMATIC DATA CAPTURE

(ADC)

ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS

(EDI)


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Numbering system

The four main elements of the numbering system covered in this manual

are:

1) Global trade item number (GTIN)

A trade item is any item (product or service) upon which there is a need

to retrieve pre-defined information and that may be priced, ordered or

invoiced for trade between participants at any point in any supply chain.

A trade item may be a single, non-breakable unit. It may also be a

standard and stable grouping of a series of single items. Such a unit may

be presented in a wide variety of physical forms: a fibreboard carton, a

covered or banded pallet, a film wrapped tray, a crate with bottles, etc.

Trade items consisting of a single unit are identified with a unique

GTIN. Standard groupings of identical or different units are identifiedwith a separate unique GTIN.

The identification and bar coding of trade items enables the automation

of the retail point of sale (through price look up files), of product

receiving, inventory management, automatic re-ordering, sales analysis,

and a wide range of other business applications.

Within the Australian retail industry, trade item numbers have

historically been referred to as APNs and TUNs. Whilst this

terminology may still occasionally be encountered, the correct term for

both is global trade item number (GTIN).

The GTIN is a unique identification number for a trade item. This

uniqueness is achieved by whichever of the four numbering structures

is used. These structures are to be stored in a 14-digit data field as

shown in Table 1 on page 5.

Numbering

Structure for a

Global Trade Item

Number

GTIN within a 14 digit computer field

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 T13 T14

EAN/UCC-14 1 9 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 4

EAN/UCC-13 0 9 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 7

UCC-12 0 0 6 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 2

EAN/UCC-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 3 1 2 3 4 5 7

Table 1 EANUCC Numbering Structures (where T represents the pos ition of each

indiv idual digi t in a computer file format and 0 represents a filler dig it).


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2) Serial shipping container code (SSCC)

The SSCC is a standard identification number, used for the unique

identification of logistic (transport and/or storage) units.

A logistic unit is an item of any composition established for transportand/or storage which needs to be managed through the supply chain.

Scanning the SSCC marked on each logistic unit allows the physical

movement of units to be individually tracked and traced by providing a

link between the physical movement of items and the associated

information flow. It also opens up the opportunity to implement a wide

range of applications such as cross docking, shipment routing,

automated receiving, etc.

3) Global location number (GLN)

The Global location number is used to identify a company or

organisation as a legal entity. GLNs are also used to identify physical

locations, or functional entities within the company.

The use of location numbers is a pre-requisite for efficient EDI.

4) Asset numbering

The EANUCC system provides a system for the identification of

assets. The object of asset identification is to identify a physical entity

as an inventory item. Asset identifiers should not be used for any other

identification purpose.

Each company holding an EANUCC company prefix may assign asset

identifiers to the assets or the trade items supplied to their customers.

Best practice may dictate that the trade item manufacturer apply the

asset identifier during the manufacturing process. The EANUCC Asset

Identifier acts as a key to access the characteristics of an asset stored in

a computer file and/or to record movements of assets.

Asset Identifiers may be used for simple applications, such as the

location and use of a given fixed asset (e.g. a personal computer), or forcomplex applications such as recording the characteristics of a

returnable asset (e.g. a reusable beer keg), its movements, its life-cycle

history and any relevant data for accounting purposes.

EAN Australia provides separate guidelines for implementation of theEANUCC system for specific industries, such as transport, health, timber,

metal, meat, paper, wool and greeting cards. These guidelines are available

from our website at www.ean.com.au or from EAN Australia on request.


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Allocating global trade item numbers (GTINs) for

retail trade items

Trade items sold at retail level to consumers are often referred to as

consumer items. There are two types of GTINs for retail trade items whichare not sold in Northern America.

EAN/UCC-13 identification numbers - represented by an EAN-13 barcode. See Figure 2 on page 8.

EAN/UCC-8 identification numbers - represented by an EAN-8 bar code.See Figure 3 on page 13.

EAN/UCC-13 identificationnumbers

EAN/UCC-13 identification numbers are right justified in a 14 digitcomputer field with one implied zero to the left as shown below.

EAN/UCC-13 identification numbers can be used for the identification ofany retail trade item, non-retail trade item, or for identification of location& company entities. Figure 2shows the structure of the EAN/UCC-13

identification number and how it is composed.

Numbering

Structure14 digi t Global Trade Item Number (GTIN)

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 T13 T14

EAN/UCC-13 0 9 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 7

Table 2 EAN/UCC-13 number in computer f ield (where T represents the position of each

indiv idual digit in a computer file format and 0 represents a filler digit)

In Australia numbers are allocated by one of the two following methods:

Current Method Used to

Assign Numbers

The first ninedigits (the EANUCC

company prefix) are allocatedby EAN Australia to the member company.

The next threedigits (the item reference)

are then allocated by you to each

individual trade item.

Method Used to Assign Numbers

Prior to May 1996

The first seven digits (the EANUCC

company prefix) are allocatedby EAN Australia to you as a member

company.

The next five digits (the item reference)

are then allocated by you to each

individual trade item.

The last digit is always a check digit, which is calculated by a

mathematical formula to ensure that the whole number is correct.

See Check digit on page 10, for more information.


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Figure 2 EAN/UCC-13 number represented by an EAN-13 bar code

Note -When identifying a location or company with an EAN/UCC-13

identification number it can only be represented in a UCC/EAN-128 barcode with the relevant Application Identifier. Please refer to EANUCCApplication Identifiers on page 75.

EANUCC company prefix

The EANUCC company prefix is the number allocated to you by EANAustralia as a member company. EAN Australia manages the allocation ofEANUCC company prefixes for Australia. The EANUCC company

prefix may not be sold, leased or given, in whole or in part, for use by anyother company.

An EANUCC company prefix gives access to all the applications usingEANUCC identification standards, i.e. identification of items, services,locations, logistic units, returnable containers, etc. It is a component of

each of the numbering structures, other than the EAN/UCC-8.

When a company changes legal status as a result of an acquisition, merger,

partial purchase, split or spin-off the following guidelines apply.

Acquisitions and mergers

Existing stocks on hand which are numbered before acquisitions ormergers, keep the same GTINs. EAN Australia should be notified of the

acquisition or merger.

Current Method

EANUCCcompany prefix

Item

Check Digit

Reference

EANUCCcompany prefix

Item

Check Digit

Reference

Method Prior to May 1996


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Products that are produced after the acquisition or merger may keep theGTIN allocated before it.

A company should be careful when centralising the allocation of allnumbers under one company prefix, thus changing the number of theexisting products which is otherwise unchanged. This should be anexception, as it results in additional work and data file maintenance forcustomers.

Partial Purchase

When a company buys a division, a brand name or a range of items fromanother company, it may, to begin with, keep the numbers previouslyallocated by the selling company. The rules concerning the use of GTIN

should be taken into consideration when drawing up the purchase contract.

However, at the earliest opportunity it should phase in new numbers from

its own range of numbers, to the items whose brand name it has acquired. Itwill be able to do this, for example, when packaging is redesigned orreprinted, even if the normal rule would be to keep the old number in thiscase. Trading partners must be notified of the number changes in advance.

During this period, and during the four years following, the sellingcompany must not reallocate the original numbers to the other items.

Split or spin-off

When a company splits into two or more separate companies it is necessaryfor each company prefix assigned to the original company to be transferredto one, and only one, of the new companies. Any company left without acompany prefix will need to apply to EAN Australia to obtain one. Adecision as to which of the new companies will take over which company

prefixes should be made to minimise the number of changes to GTINs thatwill be required. The decision should be part of the legal arrangements thatset up the new companies.

It is not necessary for existing stock of items to be renumbered. However,when any of the split or spin-off companies have trade items that arenumbered from a company prefix that it no longer holds, then it should re-number those items using its own company prefix when new labelling or

packaging is produced. Customers should be notified well in advance of thechanges.

Split or spin-off companies that retain a company prefix must keep a recordof the GTINs created from their prefix that have been allocated to itemsthey no longer own. They must not re-use these GTINs for a period of at

least four years after the company that split away owning those items lastsupplied goods identified by those GTINs. Therefore the company that didnot retain the company prefix has to keep the company that did maintain

the prefix informed of the dates on which the goods were last supplied withthe previous number, or to guarantee a date by which the number changewill be made.


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Item reference (item number)

The item reference shown in Figure 2is anon-significantnumber, whichmeans that the individual digits in the number do not relate to anything orconvey any specific item information. The number ispurelyforidentification.

The simplest way to allocate item references is sequentially, i.e. 000, 001,002, 003, etc.

Always number each item to the lowest level of identification. For

example: size, colour, model, finish, type, style. This ensures that each itemhas a unique number.

Check digit

The last digit of the EAN/UCC-13 identification number is always thecheck digit. This is calculated by a mathematical formula to ensure that thewhole number is correct. Please refer to Calculating the EAN/UCC-13check digit on page 14, for further information.

Items requiring separate numbers

A separate unique GTIN is required for every different trade item, and for

every variant of an item whenever this variation is in any way apparent andsignificant to any partner in the supply chain, to the final user or to the retailcustomer.

When the product changes affect the product quantity, the productdimensions, the packaging type, the product name or brand, or the product

description, a separate unique GTIN must be allocated.

Separate unique numbers are required for each:

different variety of item by item type, size, style, model, and also by

flavour, colour, perfume, finish, and so on

different pack size of an item

different multiple packs of an item, where it is intended, or there is a

possibility, that the multipack will be treated as a single unit

promotional variant of an item, where a price difference is specified on

the pack or where it is necessary to distinguish the stock keeping units

separately

new modification to the item, where the change makes it necessary to

distinguish between old stock and new. (A separate number is not

necessary when the modification is purely minor, and does not affect

continuity between the old version and the new.)

same product packaged in a different language. Each language is

treated as a different product, and therefore requires a unique GTIN. For

example, a product marked in English only must have a different GTINfrom the exact same product which is marked in Chinese.


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A separate number is not necessary solely because of a price change,

whether temporary or permanent, to an unchanged item. If, however, a

different price from the standard is marked on the packaging, this must

be allocated a different GTIN from the standard trade item.

Minor trade item changesdo not require the allocation of a different

GTIN. Examples are: Label artwork redesign, minor trade item

description changes that do not impact the supply chain, gross

dimension change in any axis of less than 20% with content quantity or

measure unchanged.

Do not re-use a deleted item number untilfour yearsafter the date thatyou last issuedthe item. In the case of garments, the minimum period is

reduced to 30 months. Consideration for re-issue of numbers should

always be given for the product type and its possible life in the market

place. For example steel beams may be stored for many years before

entering the supply chain. In some cases, such as pharmaceutical

products, it may be appropriate not to re-use deleted numbers at all.

Vintage winesWhen the year of production impacts pricing, invoicing orordering at any point in the supply chain, a new GTIN is required. If there isno impact on pricing, invoicing or ordering then the same GTIN can beused regardless of the year of production.

Manufacturers (or marketers) that undertake the numbering of itemsassume responsibility for ensuring that the above rules are respected and

that all variants are numbered uniquely. They are also responsible fornotifying their trade customers of the numbers that have been allocated toeach item.

For further guidance on when to change GTINs for Fast Moving ConsumerGoods (FMCG) please refer to www.ean-int.org/gtinrules.


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EAN/UCC-8 identificationnumbers

The allocation of EAN/UCC-8 identification numbers is restricted to tradeitems that genuinely cannot accommodate an EAN-13 bar code at themagnification (size) recommended by the printer. These can only be

obtained directly from EAN Australia.Before applying for an EAN/UCC-8 identification number you shouldconsider, jointly with the printer, all available options for using an EAN-13

bar code. Every effort must first be made by the applying company toincorporate an EAN-13 bar code onto the packaging. This includes:

Whether the existing label can reasonably be changed (the term label

is used to denote the total printed design surface, whether or not affixed

separately) thus enabling the printers recommended size of an EAN-13

bar code to be included. This could be achieved by:

redesigning the label increasing the label size, especially where the existing label is small

in comparison with the area of the entire packing

using an additional label

changing the type of label or packaging to enable an EAN-13 bar

code to be included.

Reducing the magnification (size) of the bar code (after consulting with

the printer). This must only be done if printing conditions allow. The

magnification of the bar code must always be within the specification

set out by EANUCC.

When applying for an EAN/UCC-8 identification number, it is necessary toprovide:

1) a sample of each product, label or actual size artwork (unless manyproducts share identical packaging, in which case one sample willsuffice)

2) a complete list of every product requiring an EAN/UCC-8

identification number

3) written justification of why the package should be allocated an EAN/

UCC-8 identification number and that all efforts have been made to

accommodate an EAN/UCC-13 identification number and bar code.

After discontinuing a product carrying an EAN/UCC-8 identificationnumber, please notify EAN Australia so that the number can be re-

allocated at a later date.


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EAN/UCC-8 identification numbers are right justified in a 14 digitcomputer field with six implied zeros to the left.

Figure 3 EAN/UCC-8 number represented by an EAN-8 bar code

Numbering

Structure14 digi t Global Trade Item Number (GTIN)

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 T13 T14

EAN/UCC-8 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 3 1 2 3 4 5 7

Table 3 EAN/UCC-8 number in computer field (where T represents the position of each

indiv idual digit in a computer file format and 0 represents a filler digit)

EANUCC prefix

Identifies the EAN member

organisation issuing the

number. It ensures that all

GTINs in the world areunique.

Company/Item reference

A five digit company/item

reference. You receive this

number from EAN

Australia on application.

Check digit

Validates the accuracy of

the entire number by

mathematical formula. See

Calculating the EAN/UCC-13 check digit on

page 14for further details.

EAN Australia allocates93 with the company/

item reference.

Apply for a company/item reference, this

follows the 93 prefix.

Calculate the checkdigit.


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Calculating the EAN/UCC-13 check digit

Film master suppliers, on-site printing equipment, and bar coding softwarepackages will calculate the check digit for you. A program for calculatingthe check digit can be accessed on our website at www.ean.com.au.

The mathematical formula for the check digit calculation is the samefor EAN/UCC-13, EAN/UCC-8, EAN/UCC-14 identification numbers

and the Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC).

ExampleEAN/UCC-13 identificationnumber

Figure 4 EAN/UCC-13 digit number without check digit

Perform the following calculation using the EAN/UCC-13identification number in Figure 4above.

Step 1 Starting with the first number on the right, add all the alternate

numbers. Multiply the result by three.

0 + 8 + 6 +4 + 2 + 3 = 23 x 3 = 69

Step 2 Starting with the second number on the right, add all the alternatenumbers.

9 + 7 + 5 + 3 +1 + 9 = 34

Step 3 Add the results of steps one and two.

Total = 103

Step 4 Add the number needed to bring the total to the next multiple of

ten.

In this example, add seven.7

If the result of step 3 is an exact multiple of 10, then the checkdigit is 0, (not 10!).

The number added to bring the total to the next multiple of ten

becomes the check digit.

110

Figure 5 EAN/UCC-13 digit number with check digit

9 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0position

Check digit

Step 1

Step 2

9 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 7 Check digit


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EAN/UCC-13 identification number

An EAN/UCC-13 identification number is shown in Figure 2and allocatedby the same method used for retail trade items. This number is alwaysrepresented in an EAN-13 bar code.

This method of identifying non-retail trade items can be used if printingconditions permit the successful printing of the EAN-13 bar code. This willdepend on the material being printed on and the printing conditions.

An EAN/UCC-13 identification number and bar code are mandatory whenthe trade item may also be sold at the retail point of sale.

EAN/UCC-13 identification number with a filler zero

A filler zero precedes anew and uniqueEAN/UCC-13 identification

number allocated to a non-retail trade item. This number is allocated by thesame method shown in Figure 2.

The zero is a filler character used to convert the EAN/UCC-13identification number to an EAN/UCC-14 identification number, which canthen be encoded in an ITF-14 or UCC/128 bar code. See Figure 6& Figure7below.

The ITF-14 symbology is better suited for direct printing ontocorrugated fibreboard.

Note -For UCC members using this method, the unique UCC-12

identification number must be preceded by two filler 0s.

Figure 6 EAN/UCC-13 number with a filler zero

(UCC/EAN-128 bar code)

Figure 7 EAN/UCC-13 number with a filler zero

(ITF-14 bar code)

NoteBar codes are shown here smaller than recommended magnificationfor presentation purposes only.


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EAN/UCC-14 identification number

An indicator(previously known as logistical variant, a number from one toeight), precedes the first 12 digits of the EAN/UCC-13 identificationnumber of the lowest level trade items contained within the non-retail trade

item. The last digit is the check digit.Indicators are chosen at the discretion of the company allocating thenumber. They are used to create a unique EAN/UCC-14 identificationnumber which distinguishes between different packaging levels of the sametrade item. This option is only available when the trade items within thenon-retail trade item are carrying the same GTIN.

For example: Indicator 1 may be allocated to a carton of 24 and indicator2 may be allocated to a carton of 36, thus creating a unique EAN/UCC-14identification number for every level of packaging.

When using an indicator the check digit must be recalculated, including theindicator, according to the standard check digit. See Calculating the EAN/UCC-14 check digit on page 19for more information.

Note - For UCC members using this method a filler 0 should immediatelyfollow the indicator.

The EAN/UCC-14 identification number can be represented in either aUCC/EAN-128 or ITF-14 bar code. See Figure 8and Figure 9, below.

The ITF-14 symbology is better suited for direct printing ontocorrugated fibreboard.

Figure 8 EAN/UCC-14 number with an indicator (logistical variant)

(UCC/EAN-128 bar code)

Figure 9 EAN/UCC-14 number with an indicator (logistical variant)

(ITF-14 bar code)

NoteBar codes are shown here smaller than recommended magnificationfor presentation purposes only.


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EAN/UCC-14 identification numbers using the

UCC/EAN-128 bar code

To represent an EAN/UCC-14 identification number in a UCC/EAN-128bar code, you must precede the EAN/UCC-14 identification number with

the Application Identifier (01).

An Application Identifier (AI) is a prefix which simply defines the meaningand format of the data that follows it. Thus AI (01) indicates that whatfollows is an EAN/UCC-14 identification number.

The AI (01) is not considered a part of the EAN/UCC-14 identificationnumber.

Besides identifying items, AIs also provide the ability to identify attributedatabatch numbers, use by dates, serial numbers, etc.as well as

locations and shipments. See EANUCC Application Identifiers on page75, for more information.


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Calculating the EAN/UCC-14 check digit

Film master suppliers, on-site printing equipment, and bar coding softwarepackages will calculate the check digit for you. A program for calculatingthe check digit can be accessed on our website at www.ean.com.au.

The mathematical formula for the check digit calculation is the same forEAN/UCC-13, EAN/UCC-8, EAN/UCC-14 identification numbers and the

Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC).

ExampleEAN/UCC-14 identificationnumber

Figure 10 EAN/UCC-14 digit number without check digi t

Perform the following calculation using the EAN/UCC-14identification number in Figure 10above.

Step 1 Starting with the first number on the right, add all the alternate

numbers. Multiply the result by three.

0 + 8 + 6 +4 + 2 + 3 + 1 = 24 x 3 = 72

Step 2 Starting with the second number on the right, add all the alternatenumbers.

9 + 7 + 5 + 3 +1 + 9 = 34

Step 3 Add the results of steps one and two.

Total = 106

Step 4 Add the number needed to bring the total to the next multiple of

ten.

In this example, add four.4

If the result of step 3 is an exact multiple of 10, then the checkdigit is 0, (not 10!).

The number added to bring the total to the next multiple of ten

becomes the check digit.

110

Figure 11 EAN/UCC-14 digit number with check digit

1 9 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0position

Check digit

Step 1

Step 2

1 9 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 4 Check digit


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Global trade item numbers (GTINs) for variable

measure non-retail items

Trade items may be of variable measure either because the production

process does not guarantee consistency in weight, size or length (carcassesof meat, whole cheeses, etc.) or because the items are created to meet aspecial order which states a quantity (eg. textiles ordered by the metre,glass ordered by the square metre).

Only trade items that are sold, ordered or produced in quantities, which can

vary continuously, are covered by the rules outlined here. Trade items,which are sold in discrete and pre-defined units (eg. as a nominal weight),are treated as fixed measure trade items.

A trade item must be considered to be variable measure if its measure isvariable at any point in the supply chain. For example, a supplier may selland invoice chickens in standardised cases of 15kg each. Therefore thequantity of contained chickens will vary. The customer, a retailer in thisexample, may need to know the exact number of chickens contained ineach case in order to organise the distribution to his stores. In this example,the supplier should source mark the trade item by using a variable measureGTIN and a variable count AI.

The EAN/UCC-14 identification number with the indicator 9 is used toidentify a variable measure trade item. The presence of the variable

measure information is mandatory for the complete identification of aparticular variable measure trade item. The digit 9 in the first position is

an integral part of the 14-digit GTIN.


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Types of variable measure items

The five common types of variable measure trade items are;

1) Items Traded In Bulk

Neither portioned nor pre-packed for retail sale, ordered in any quantity anddelivered as a non-standardised trade item. Examples: Fish, fruit,vegetables, cables, carpets, timber, fabrics.

The GTIN simply identifies the product and that it is a bulk, non fixedquantity and, if applicable, the form of packaging. Weight or dimensionsare necessary to complete the identification of each individual unit.

2) Trade Items Ordered And Delivered By Piece

(wrapped or unwrapped) and invoiced by weight or measure because

weight or measure vary due to the nature of the product or due to themanufacturing process. Examples: A whole cheese, a side of bacon, a beefcarcass, a fish, a sausage, a ham, a chicken.

The GTIN identifies the product, that it is supplied and ordered by the pieceand, if necessary, the form of packaging. Price or weight or dimensionscomplete the identification of the individual item.

Process Description Bar Code Symbol Marking of the items

Suppliers

catalogue

Apples unwrapped sold in

bulk by kg

GTIN 99312345000046

Order 100 kg of apples 100 kg x 99312345000046

Delivery 2 trade items

Unit 1: weight = 42.7kg

Unit 2: weight = 57.6 kg

Unit 1: (01) 99312345000046(3101) 000427

Unit 2: (01) 99312345000046 (3101) 000576

If delivery made on a pallet Pallet: (00) 393123450000010104

(02) 99312345000046 (3101)001003 (37)02

Table 4 Example of variable measure non-retail items t raded in bulk

Process Description Bar Code Symbol Marking of the Items

Suppliers

Catalogue

1 Salami ~ 500g GTIN 99312345000015

Order 100 Salamis 100 x 99312345000015

Delivery 3 Logistics Units

Unit 1 = 33 salami, 16.7 kg



Unit 1: (00) 393123450000010005

(02) 99312345000015 (3101) 000167 (37) 33

Unit 2: (00) 393123450000010012

(02) 993123450000015 (3101) 000169 (37) 33

Unit 3: (00) 393123450000010029

(02) 993123450000015 (3101) 000171 (37) 34

If delivery is made on a pallet Pallet: (00) 393123450000010036

(02) 993123450000015 (3101) 000507 (37) 0100

Table 5 Example of variable measure non-retail item traded by piece


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3) Portioned Trade Items

The individual items contained within are pre-packed for sale by weighttothe consumer, and are not standardised in quantity. Examples: Meat,cheese, vegetables, fruit, fillet of fish, sliced poultry, cold cuts.

The GTIN identifies the product and the form in which it is packed. Price orweight completes the identification of each individual unit.

4) Standardised Trade Items With Selectable Dimensions

Where EANUCC standard numbering does not make sense to cover themultiplicity of all variations. Examples: Wooden planks, carpets.

The GTIN denotes the pre-defined basic trade item. The applicabledimension(s) complete(s) the identification of the individual unit.

Process Description Bar Code Symbol Marking of the Items

Suppliers

Catalogue

Bulk pre-packed variable

weight Havarti cheese

GTIN 99312345000114

Order 8 kg 8 kg x 99312345000114




Unit 1: (01) 99312345000114 (3102) 000415

Unit 2: (01) 99312345000114 (3102) 000407

If delivery is made on a

pallet

Pallet: (00) 393123450000010098

(02) 99312345000114 (3102) 000822 (37) 02

Table 6 Example of variable portioned trade item

Process Description Bar Code Symbol Marking of Items

Suppliers

Catalogue

Cable T49 sold in any

length in metres

GTIN 99312345000060

Order 1 trade item of 150

metres

99312345000060 x 150 metres

Delivery 1 trade item, 150

metres

(01) 99312345000060 (3110) 000150

Table 7 Example of variable measure non-retail item with selectable dimensions


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5) Standard Fixed Number of Trade Items Contained Within EachUnit

Examples: Trade item which always contains 10 chickens, trade item whichalways contains 20 pre-packaged portions of cheese.

The GTIN identifies both the product and the number of items containedwithin each unit and, if applicable, its form of packaging. The total weightof all items contained completes the identification of the particular tradeitem.

Bar codes used to encode variable measure dataThis information is translated into a bar code in one of two ways.

Preferably with a UCC/EAN-128, to encode the GTIN and the measure

in a single bar code symbol, using application identifier (01) for the

GTIN, and one of the AIs from (3100) to (3169), or AI (8001) for the

measure.

but it is also permissible to have the GTIN shown in an ITF-14

symbology and the measure in a UCC/EAN-128 symbology.

Figure 12 UCC/EAN-128 bar code for var iable measure non-retail item

Process Description Bar Code Symbol marking of the items

Suppliers

Catalogue

Case of 10 Chickens GTIN 99312345100005

Order 3 Cases (30 Chickens) 3 x 99312345100005


Unit 1: (10 chickens)

weight 10.2 kg

Unit 2 (10 chickens)

weight 11.5 kg

Unit 3: (10 chickens)

weight 8.1 kg

Unit 1: (01) 99312345100005 (3101) 000102

Unit 2: (01) 99312345100005 (3101) 000115

Unit 3: (01) 99312345100005 (3101) 000081

If delivery is made on

a pallet

Pallet: (00) 393123450000070009

(02) 99312345100005 (3101) 000298 (37) 03

Table 8 Example of variable standard number of items non-retail unit

(01)99312345678900(3102)000325


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Global trade item numbers (GTINs) for non-retail

trade items that contain items carrying EAN/

UCC-8 numbers

When numbering non-retail items that contain EAN/UCC-8 numbered

retail items, any oneof the following solutions is available.

Allocate a unique EAN/UCC-13 identification number. See Figure 2.

Allocate an EAN/UCC-13 identification number with a filler zero. See

EAN/UCC-13 identification number with a filler zero on page 16.

Allocate an EAN/UCC-14 identification number with an indicator

(logistical variant, a number from one to eight) made up as follows.

For example:

If the EAN/UCC-8 identification number on the retail trade item is93123457, then the EAN/UCC-14 identification number (using the same

EAN/UCC-8 identification number from the trade item within the non-retail trade item) would be 10000093123454 (where 4is the recalculatedcheck digit).

The EAN/UCC-14 & the EAN/UCC-13 with a filler 0 numberingoptions can be represented in either the UCC/EAN-128 or ITF-14 bar

code.

Positioning human readable interpretation on non-retail items

The human readable digits of the bar code are normally located beneath thebars. For shallow trade units, or other non-retail items where the full heightof the bar code cannot be accommodated, the digits may be placed to theleft of the bar code.

9 3 1 2 3 4 5 7

1 0 0 0 0 0 9 3 1 2 3 4 5 4

Recalculated check di gitEAN/UCC-8 number(without the check digit)

of the r etail item containedwithin th e non-retail unit

Filler 0sIndicator(logistic variant)

(a number from 1 to 8)

Retail Trade Item

Non-retail Trade Item

EAN/UCC-8 on the

EAN/UCC-14 constructedusing the same EAN/UCC-8number

retail trade item


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Numbering transport units

Separate unique numbers may be allocated to units which are only

constructed for ease of transport. Pallets often fall into this category. TheSerial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) allows each pallet or logistics unit

to be individually identified. See Serial Shipping Container CodeSSCC on page 115, for more information.


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Applying bar codes ontopackaging

Application Methods

There are two ways to apply the bar code to your trade item:

using pre-printed labels

printing directly onto the packaging.

Labels

A printer or label service can print bar code labels, or your company can

print them on-site. Ask equipment suppliers for a demonstration of on-site

bar code printing equipment. This equipment automatically generates the

bar code directly from data.

On-site direct printing on packaging

On-site printing equipment is also available which allows you to print the

bar code directly onto the package during the manufacturing, packaging,

and distribution process.

Printing on packaging at source

Printing directly on packaging at source may require a film master. A film

master is a negative or positive film (much like a photo negative) of theentire bar code. The film master is applied as part of the artwork of the

package.

Film master suppliers generate film masters. They can also calculate the

check digit for you before they produce the film master. The printer

incorporates the film master on the printing plate ready for printing on the

package. Either the manufacturer or the printer can order a film master.

A resource directory, which contains details of film master and equipment

suppliers, is available on our website at www.ean.com.au.

Determine whether to print the bar code on labels or directly onto thepackaging.


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Applying bar codes onto packaging


Data Carrier (Bar code) options

There is a choice of four bar codes as shown below:

Retail trade items must be bar coded using EAN-13, UPC-A, UPC-E or

EAN-8 bar codes.

Non-retail trade items can be bar coded using EAN-13, UPC-A, UCC/

EAN-128 or ITF-14 bar codes.

EAN-8 bar codes are only used on very small retail trade items to encode

EAN/UCC-8 identification numbers.

EAN-13 bar codes can be used on both retail and non-retail trade items.

The ITF-14 bar code symbology is better suited for direct printing onto

corrugated fibreboard.

UCC/EAN-128 bar codes are used on non-retail trade items and are always

used when including attribute information about the product.

UCC/EAN-128 bar codes are used to represent GLNs and asset numbers.

Your aim is to ensure that your bar code scans the first time every time.

Bar code size

The size of the bar code has historically been known as magnification. This

technique relies upon setting a nominal size (100%) that is directly related

to a given X-dimension (module width). The more precise X-dimension is

now also used to specify permissible bar code symbol sizes.

X-dimensions (magnification) can vary within certain limits. If a bar code

is not within these limits, it may not scan.

Anyreduction in X-dimensions (magnification) below the nominal size(100%) may reduce reliability. Reliability of scanning isalwaysenhanced

Unit type EAN-8 &UPC-E

EAN-13 &UPC-A

UCC/EAN-128 ITF-14

Retail trade items

Non-retail trade items

logistic units

Global location

numbers

Assets

Table 9 Bar code Options


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by selecting an X-dimension (magnification factor) higher than the

theoretical minimum.

The EAN Australia bar code size gauge shows the magnification factor of

various EAN-13 and EAN-8 bar codes. These gauges are available from

EAN Australia.

Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15and Figure 16show nominal size EAN-13,

EAN-8, UCC/EAN-128, and ITF-14 bar codes.

Printerthe printer decides the bar code size by carrying out tests, usually

with printability gauges, during production runs. The results establish the

minimum bar code size that should be printed on the trade item.

EAN Australia supplies printability gauges.

Artwork designerthe Artwork designer must work closely with theprinter to allow sufficient space for the bar code in the packaging design.

The designer cannot decide on the area required for the bar code withoutfirst consulting the printer.

Make sure your artwork designer is aware of this information.

If a label printer is used to print the bar code, the above method ofdetermining size (magnification) is not generally required.

Bar code height

When the printer determines the bar code size, the associated height should

not change. A reduced height (truncated) bar code can cause scanning

difficulties. This is particularly the case with EAN-13 and EAN-8 bar codes

on retail trade items.

Make sure your printer is aware of this information.

Light Margin Areas

The light margin of the bar code, also called the quiet zone, is a solid, light

area before the first bar and after the last bar. This area enables the scanner

to recognise the beginning and end of a bar code.

The size of the light margin area varies, depending on the X-dimension

(magnification factor) chosen for the bar code.

Make sure your printer is aware of this information. This is extremelyimportant.


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EANUCC bar codes at nominal size

Figure 13 Nominal size (100%) EAN-13 bar code

Figure 14 Nominal size (100%) EAN-8 bar code

Figure 15 Nominal size (100%) UCC/EAN-128 bar code

Light Margin Indicator

Light margins

31.35

37.29

22.85

23.18

24.50

25.93


3.63 2.31

2.75

< >


Light margins

22.11

26.73

18.23

18.56

19.88

21.31


2.31 2.312.75

< >

32mm

136.14 mm10.2

mm10.2mm


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Figure 16 Nominal Size (100%) ITF-14 bar code

4.8

10.2mm

d1

d2

5.7

2mm

mm

31.8

mm

mm

122.4

28mm

41.4

152.4

28

mm


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Dimensions of EAN-13 and EAN-8 bar codes

Magnifications limits are from 80% to 200% of the nominal size (100%)

for retail environments. (An allowable minimum magnification of 75% is

applicable only to on demand print processes such as thermal. In this case,

the bar height should never be truncated below the minimum requiredheight for 80%). Where a trade item may also be scanned in a general

distribution environment, the magnification limits are 150% to 200%.

Dimensions of EAN bar codes (mm)

Mag

Factor

X-

dimension

(Ideal

module

width)

EAN-13 EAN-8

Width not

incl light

margins

Width

incl light

margins

Height

incl

interp.

Width not

incl light

margins

Width

incl light

margins

Height

incl

interp.

0.80 0.264 25.08 29.83 20.74 17.69 21.38 17.05

0.85 0.281 26.65 31.70 22.04 18.79 22.72 18.11

0.90 0.297 28.22 33.56 23.34 19.90 24.06 19.18

0.95 0.314 29.78 35.43 24.63 21.00 25.39 20.24

1.00 0.330 31.35 37.29 25.93 22.11 26.73 21.31

1.05 0.347 32.92 39.15 27.23 23.22 28.07 22.38

1.10 0.363 34.49 41.02 28.52 24.32 29.40 23.44

1.15 0.380 36.05 42.88 29.82 25.43 30.74 24.51

1.20 0.396 37.62 44.75 31.12 26.53 32.08 25.57

1.25 0.413 39.19 46.61 32.41 27.64 33.41 26.64

1.30 0.429 40.76 48.48 33.71 28.74 34.75 27.70

1.35 0.446 42.32 50.34 35.01 29.85 36.09 28.77

1.40 0.462 43.89 52.21 36.30 30.95 37.42 29.83

1.45 0.479 45.46 54.07 37.60 32.06 38.76 30.90

1.50 0.495 47.03 55.94 38.90 33.17 40.10 31.97

1.55 0.512 48.59 57.80 40.19 34.27 41.43 33.03

1.60 0.528 50.16 59.66 41.49 35.38 42.77 34.10

1.65 0.545 51.73 61.53 42.78 36.48 44.10 35.16

1.70 0.561 53.30 63.39 44.08 37.59 45.44 36.23

1.75 0.578 54.86 65.26 45.38 38.69 46.78 37.29

1.80 0.594 56.43 67.12 46.67 39.80 48.11 38.36

1.85 0.611 58.00 68.99 47.97 40.90 49.45 39.42

1.90 0.627 59.57 70.85 49.27 42.01 50.79 40.49

1.95 0.644 61.13 72.72 50.56 43.11 52.12 41.55

2.00 0.660 62.70 74.58 51.86 44.22 53.46 42.62

Note: Mag. = magnification, LM = Light Margins, x = X-dimension, interp. = Human Readable Interpretation

Table 10 Dimensions of EAN bar codes at various X-dimensions (magnification factors)


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The required light margins & heights for EAN-13 and EAN-8 bar codes are

listed below in Table 11.

Magnification

EAN-13 EAN-8

Left LightMargin RightLight

Margin

Height ofbars only

(excl guard

bars)

Left LightMargin Right LightMargin Height ofbars only

(excl. guard

bars)

0.80 2.90 1.85 18.28 1.85 1.85 14.58

0.85 3.09 1.96 19.42 1.96 1.96 15.50

0.90 3.27 2.08 20.57 2.08 2.08 16.41

0.95 3.45 2.19 21.71 2.19 2.19 17.32

1.00 3.63 2.31 22.85 2.31 2.31 18.23

1.05 3.81 2.43 23.99 2.43 2.43 19.14

1.10 3.99 2.54 25.14 2.54 2.54 20.05

1.15 4.17 2.66 26.28 2.66 2.66 20.96

1.20 4.36 2.77 27.42 2.77 2.77 21.88

1.25 4.54 2.89 28.56 2.89 2.89 22.79

1.30 4.72 3.00 29.71 3.00 3.00 23.70

1.35 4.90 3.12 30.85 3.12 3.12 24.61

1.40 5.08 3.23 31.99 3.23 3.23 25.52

1.45 5.26 3.35 33.13 3.35 3.35 26.43

1.50 5.45 3.47 34.28 3.47 3.47 27.35

1.55 5.63 3.58 35.42 3.58 3.58 28.26

1.60 5.81 3.70 36.56 3.70 3.70 29.17

1.65 5.99 3.81 37.70 3.81 3.81 30.08

1.70 6.17 3.93 38.85 3.93 3.93 30.99

1.75 6.35 4.04 39.99 4.04 4.04 31.90

1.80 6.53 4.16 41.13 4.16 4.16 32.81

1.85 6.72 4.27 42.27 4.27 4.27 33.73

1.90 6.90 4.39 43.42 4.39 4.39 34.64

1.95 7.08 4.50 44.56 4.50 4.50 35.55

2.00 7.26 4.62 45.70 4.62 4.62 36.46

Table 11 Light Margins & Height for EAN-13 & EAN-8 bar codes


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Overall dimensions of ITF-14 bar code

The ITF-14 bar code can be printed with a magnification factor ranging

from 25% to 100%. To ensure efficient reading in any environment,

including conveyerised scanning, a minimum magnification factor of 50%

should be used. ITF-14 bar codes with a magnification less than 62.5%

should not be printed directly on corrugate with conventional (plate based)

processes.

Magnifications between 100% to 120% are acceptable based on historical

specifications, but a migration to the 100% maximum magnification should

be made on new artwork.

ITF-14 bar code height

For scanning in a general distribution environment, the minimum

recommendedheightfor an ITF-14 bar code is 32mm. For all other

scanning environments, a minimum height of 13mm is acceptable.

Overall dimensions of UCC/EAN-128 bar code

The size of the UCC/EAN-128 bar code depends on:

the X-dimension (module width) chosen

the number of characters encoded

the number of non-numeric characters in the data.

The UCC/EAN-128 bar code can be printed with an X-dimension of

between 0.25mm to 1.016mm (magnification factor ranging from 25% to100%). To ensure efficient reading in any environment, including

Mag.factor

Narrowseg

Wideseg

Width

of LM10x

Min.

height

of

bars

Excluding

bearer bar

Including

bearer bar & LM

Width not

incl.

LM

Width

incl.

LM

WidthNot

incl. H

gauges

Width

incl. H

gauges

Height

0.5 0.508 1.270 5.1 32 61.214 71.41 81.01 87.01 41.6

0.625 0.635 1.588 6.4 32 76.518 89.32 98.92 104.92 41.6

0.7 0.711 1.778 7.1 32 85.700 99.90 109.50 115.50 41.6

0.8 0.813 2.032 8.2 32 97.942 114.34 123.94 129.94 41.6

0.9 0.914 2.286 9.2 32 110.185 128.59 138.14 144.14 41.6

1.0 1.016 2.540 10.2 32 122.428 142.83 152.43 158.43 41.6

Note: In the heading of this table, Mag. = magnification, LM = Light Margins, x = X-dimension

Table 12Dimensions of ITF-14 bar codes for General Distribution


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conveyerised scanning, a minimum X-dimension of 0.495mm

(magnification factor of 48.7%) should be used.

X-dimensions forAI 00Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) arebetween 0.50and0.94mm (magnifications between 50% to 94%).

Mathematically, when W is width, 11 is the number of modules per symbol

character, N is the number of symbol characters encoded (excluding the

start and stop characters and bar code symbol check character), 66 is the

auxiliary characters and X is X-dimension (module width), which at 100%

magnification is 1.016mm.

W = (11N + 66)X (including light margins)

Figure 17 UCC/EAN-128 bar code at 50% magni fication

UCC/EAN-128 bar code dimensions for numeric data

Number of

characters

including AI

Dimensions (mm) including light margin areas

MF 0.25

X-Dim 0.25

MF 0.5

X-Dim 0.5

MF 0.6

X-Dim 0.6

MF 0.8

X-Dim 0.8

MF 1.0

X-Dim 1.016

4 22.35 44.70 53.64 71.52 89.4

6 25.14 50.59 60.35 80.46 100.58

8 27.94 44.70 67.05 89.40 111.76

10 30.73 61.46 73.75 98.34 122.93

12 30.52 67.05 80.46 107.28 134.11

16 39.11 78.23 93.87 125.17 156.46

20 44.70 89.40 107.28 143.05

30 58.67 117.34 140.81

Note: These calculations are based on Character Set C where 2 digits are encoded in

1 symbol character. The inclusion of data in Character Set A and B and shift

characters will increase the bar code length.Use the formula at the top of this page.

Table 13 UCC/EAN-128 bar code dimensions for numeric data


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UCC/EAN-128 bar code height

For scanning in a general distribution environment, the minimumheight

for a UCC/EAN-128 bar code is 32mm. For all other scanningenvironments, a minimum height of 13mm is acceptable.

The minimumheight forAI 00Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) is32mm. For other bar codes on the Logistics Label, a minimum height of

27mm is acceptable based on historical specifications, but a migration to

32mm should be made.

UCC/EAN-128 light margins

The compulsory light margin areais 10x, (where x = X-dimension). At the

nominal size (100%) the left and right light margins are 10.2mm. Lightmargins vary according to the X-dimension (magnification).

Bar code colour

The colours you choose for your bar code are very important. To scan a bar

code successfully, the scanner must be able to recognise sufficient contrast

between dark bars and a light background. Some colour combinations are

very effective.

Black bars on a white background are ideal.

Avoid high gloss substrate for printing bar codes.

Figure 18illustrates how a scanner sees different colour combinations.

A scanner reads the bar code by means of a red light source, so what the

scanner sees is quite different to what the human eye sees.

Broadly speaking, light colours (including warm colours such as red and

orange) are suitable for the background and light margin areas. Dark

colours (including black, blue, and green) are suitable for the bars.

Although many colour combinations are clearly visible to the eye, some

scan and some dont. The colour chart below shows a selection of colours

that do and dont scan.

Determine the colours for your bar code. Consult your printer or EAN

Australia if you are uncertain about which colours to use, or if you are

uncertain if the colours you have chosen are suitable.
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Bar Code Verification

To maintain scanning efficiency, bar codes need to be printed correctly and

be of a high quality. Verification equipment can assist in providing an

indication of the print quality of bar codes.

Previously, EAN Australia analysed bar code quality based on two

parameters - average bar growth and print contrast. This was known as

Traditional Verification. In recent years, EAN Australia's verification

service has adopted the globally used ISO/IEC 15416 method for the

quality analysis of bar codes, which takes into account seven main

parameters covering various aspects of print quality. The ISO method is

fully compatible with the ANSI standards that were released by the

American National Standards Institute (ANSI). This verification method

can provide a standard means of reporting between printers/brand owners

and trading partners.

Unlike traditional verification, the ISO method of verification looks at a bar

code i

Eanucc Numbering Bar Coding v1

Documents

Transcript of Eanucc Numbering Bar Coding v1