EAAGN 2016 mjkimastro1.snu.ac.kr/eaagn/contributions/MKim.pdf · 3. The Origin of Water (Ices) in...

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AGN Science with SPHEREx Minjin Kim WoongSeob Jeong, KASI SPHEREx team [Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI)]

Transcript of EAAGN 2016 mjkimastro1.snu.ac.kr/eaagn/contributions/MKim.pdf · 3. The Origin of Water (Ices) in...

Page 1: EAAGN 2016 mjkimastro1.snu.ac.kr/eaagn/contributions/MKim.pdf · 3. The Origin of Water (Ices) in Planetary Systems BOS S 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 Dark Energy

AGN  Science  with  SPHEREx  

Minjin  Kim Woong-­‐Seob  Jeong,  KASI  SPHEREx  team  

[Korea  Astronomy  and  Space  Science  Institute  (KASI)]  

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Outline

• SPHEREx  mission  

• AGN  science  cases  with  SPHEREx

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SPHEREx  mission• Spectro-­‐PHotometer  for  the  Extragalactic  structure,  

Reionization  and  ices  Explorer  

• SMEX  mission  in  Phase  A  (Final  selection  in  Jan.  2017.)  

• The  first  all-­sky  optical/NIR  spectral  survey    

• wide  spectral  coverage  :  0.75-­‐5um,  R~40/150  

• led  by  JPL  (PI:  Jamie  Bock)  :  7  US  institutes  +  KASI  

• Science  operation  :  2020-­‐2013

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How  it  works?Linear  Variable  Filter  (LVF)

Pluto  from  New  Horizons

7deg

3.5  deg

𝛌

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How  it  works?

• 24  multiple  scan  images  

-­‐>  full  spectrum

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SPHEREx  overview

~PSF size

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Survey  strategyAll-Sky Coverage for 2 years

Deep Surveys at Poles

whole  sky  in  6  months

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deep  

all-­‐sky  survey  

Survey  Depth•  Depth  :  18-­‐19  mag;  Comparable  to  WISE    •  Spectral  data  :  better  constraint  on  the  redshift

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Main  Science  Topics1.  The  Origin  of  the  Universe  (large  scale  structure)  

2.  The  Origin  and  History  of  Galaxies  (cosmic  SF  history)  

3.  The  Origin  of  Water  (Ices)  in  Planetary  Systems

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Schedule

1. The Origin of the Universe 2. The Origin and History of Galaxies 3. The Origin of Water (Ices) in Planetary Systems

BOSS

20292027202520232021201720152013 2019

Dark Energy Survey (DES)

Extended BOSS (eBOSS)

HSC imaging PFS spectroscopy

Dark Energy Spec. Instrument (DESI)

Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST)

Euclid

WFIRST-AFTA

BOSS

HETDEX

2031

Blue = imaging Red = spectroscopy

SPHEREx

•  Launch  :  2020  (2  years  of  operation)

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KASI’s  contribution1.  Hardware  for  electronics    :  Test  of  4  H2RG  detectors  &  

screening    

2.  Hardware  for  optics  :  Baffle  tube  structure  for  wide-­‐field  

telescope    

3.  Optical  Filters  :  4  Linear  Variable  Filters,  Dichroic  filters    

4.  Ground  support  equipment  for  characterizing  the  instrument  

:  cryo.  Chamber,  integrating  sphere,  ground  station  electronics  

5.  Pipeline  development  and  Science  Operation  

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Other  Science  impacts!•  Two  white  papers  are  posted  in  Astro-­‐ph.  

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AGN  science  with  SPHEREx• Structure  of  AGNs  

-­‐  Optical/IR  reverberation  mapping  

• AGN  unification   -­‐  Demography  of  Type  2  Quasars  

• BH-­‐host  coevolution -­‐  SFR  in  AGNs    

• And  much  more!!!  (Synergies  with  other  surveys;  e.g.,  

eRosita,  LSST,  EUCLID,  WFIRST  etc.)

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1.  Optical/IR  reverberation  mapping  of  QSOs

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Optical/IR  reverberation

UV,optical  continuum

Broad  emission  line

IR  continuumCourtesy  :  Claudia  Ricci

Time  lags  among  UV  (optical),  broad  lines,  IR -­‐>  size  of  BLR  and  TORUS

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• SPHEREx  data  will  uniquely  provide  

1.  Simultaneous  variability  measurement  of  

broad  emission  lines  (H𝜶  or  Pa𝜶)  and  IR/opt  continuum

-­‐>  structure  of  accretion  disk,  BLR  and  torus  at  the  same  

time  

2.  Variability  in  IR  color  -­‐>   Torus  structure  :  smooth  vs.  clumpy  Torus

Optical/IR  reverberation

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Fausnaugh  et  al.  2016

Time  lags  among  the  continuum  bands-­‐>  structure  of  the  accretion  disk

Optical/IR  reverberation

NGC5548    (STORM  project)

Wavelength

Tim

e la

g (d

ays)

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• Requirements  

(1)  multi-­‐epoch  data  (variability)

-­‐  data  from  each  visit  

(2)  multi-­‐wavelength  data  

(3)  relatively  high  S/N  data

Poles  >  100  epochs

-> Poles!

Optical/IR  reverberation

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• (Distant)  Bright  QSOs  will  have  

1.  large  time  lags  and  small  amplitude  of  variability  

2.  Time  dilation  :  time_lagobs  =  time_lagrest  *  (1+z)  

• Synergy  with  other  (Korean)  facilities   -­‐  Optical  photometry  :  KMTNet,  LOAO,  LSG  telescope,  

several  1m  class  telescopes  in  Korea -­‐  Optical  Spectroscopy  :  MMT,  Gemini,  2-­‐4m  class  telescope

Pre-­‐photometric  data  is  crucial!(survey  baseline  is  2  yrs)

Pre-­‐photometric  data!

Page 20: EAAGN 2016 mjkimastro1.snu.ac.kr/eaagn/contributions/MKim.pdf · 3. The Origin of Water (Ices) in Planetary Systems BOS S 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 Dark Energy

Difsiculties• large  pixel  (~  6”;  undersampled  PSF)  

-­‐  host  galaxy  and/or  companion  contamination    

• low  spectral  resolution  (R~40)   -­‐  Fe  blending  (Hβ),  narrow  emission  line  blending  (Hα)-­‐>  uncertainty  in  line  flux  measurements  

• Flux  calibration  issue-­‐  LVF  is  yet  well  tested  for  the  absolute  flux  calibration.  

• time  difference  among  the  spectral  elements  

• limited  to  the  brightest  AGNs  (large  time  lag?)    

Page 21: EAAGN 2016 mjkimastro1.snu.ac.kr/eaagn/contributions/MKim.pdf · 3. The Origin of Water (Ices) in Planetary Systems BOS S 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 Dark Energy

2.  Distant  type  2  QSOs

Page 22: EAAGN 2016 mjkimastro1.snu.ac.kr/eaagn/contributions/MKim.pdf · 3. The Origin of Water (Ices) in Planetary Systems BOS S 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 Dark Energy

AGN  Unisication

Type  2

Type  1

Urry  &  Padovani  1995

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Modisied  Unisication

Merloni  et  al.  2014

X-­‐ray  selected  AGNs

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Modisied  Unisication

Lacy  et  al.  2015

IR  selected  AGNs

• Receding  Torus  model  +  

disappearing  BLR

• Each  selection  method  

has  its  own  different  bias!

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Optically  selected  type  2  QSOs?• Extremely  Rare!  

SDSS    DR7    -­‐  type  1  QSOs  :  105,783                                            -­‐  type  2  QSOs  :  a  few  hundreds                                                                                                (+~2000  from  eBoss)

40 41 42 43 44 45 46log (L[OIII])

100

101

102

103

104

105

N

type 1

type 2

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Optically  selected  type  2  QSOs?• Hard  to  sind  even  with  SDSS  :  Targeted  spectroscopy

-­‐  It  does  not  necessarily  mean  that  it  is  intrinsically  rare!  (Zakamska  et  al.  2003;  Sihan  et  al.  2016)-­‐  optical  only  selection  :  limited  to  low-­‐z  type  2  QSOs  (Alexandroff  et  al.  2013,  Greene  et  al.  2014)

• SPHEREx  :  high-­‐z  luminous  type  2  QSOs-­‐  diagnosed  by  [OIII]  luminosity,  H𝛃/[OIII],   [OII]/[OIII],  hot  dust  continuum  above  1.6um

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0 1 2 3 4redshift

ï17

ï16

ï15

ï14

ï13

log

(F[O

III])

SDSS  type  1  QSOs  distribution

type  2  QSOs

SPHEREx  line  slux  limit

~  7000  type  1  QSOs  in  SDSS  sield  ~  10%  of  type  2  fraction  

-­‐>  3500  type  2  QSOs  from  SPHEREx      

SPHEREx-­‐deep

Shen  et  al.  2011

Demography  of  type  2  QSOs

Page 28: EAAGN 2016 mjkimastro1.snu.ac.kr/eaagn/contributions/MKim.pdf · 3. The Origin of Water (Ices) in Planetary Systems BOS S 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 Dark Energy

Demography  of  type  2  QSOs>  3500  type  2  QSOs  from  SPHEREx  survey

(10%  of  obscuration  fraction)      

• The  First  systematic  study  of  optically  (IR)  selected  type  2  QSOs

• Follow-­‐up  studies  with  ground-­‐based  telescopes  (Gemini,  GMT  

and  multi  wavelength  facilities)-­‐  AGN  feedback -­‐  testing  AGN  unification -­‐  BH-­‐host  relation

Page 29: EAAGN 2016 mjkimastro1.snu.ac.kr/eaagn/contributions/MKim.pdf · 3. The Origin of Water (Ices) in Planetary Systems BOS S 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 Dark Energy

3.  SF  activity  in  AGNs

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BH  growth  vs.  SFR

SF  (Galaxy  Growth)BH  Growth

Time  (redshift) Time  (redshift) Time  (redshift)

1 2 3

BH  -­‐>  Galaxy Galaxy  -­‐>  BHBH  =  Galaxy

Kenta  Matsuoka’s  talk  yesterday

Page 31: EAAGN 2016 mjkimastro1.snu.ac.kr/eaagn/contributions/MKim.pdf · 3. The Origin of Water (Ices) in Planetary Systems BOS S 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 Dark Energy

PAH  3.3umNGC_6090

1 2 3 4 5wavelength (um)

14.0

13.5

13.0

12.5

12.0

AB

mag

Brown  et  al.  2014

PAH

Br𝜶

Pa𝜶(SF galaxy)

Page 32: EAAGN 2016 mjkimastro1.snu.ac.kr/eaagn/contributions/MKim.pdf · 3. The Origin of Water (Ices) in Planetary Systems BOS S 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 Dark Energy

PAH  as  SF  indicator

Kim  et  al.  2012;  Woo  et  al.  2012

Expertise  from  AKARI  mission

Page 33: EAAGN 2016 mjkimastro1.snu.ac.kr/eaagn/contributions/MKim.pdf · 3. The Origin of Water (Ices) in Planetary Systems BOS S 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 Dark Energy

SDSS  quasars

• z<0.4  SDSS  quasars  with  expected  PAH  emission  (~  1/10  of  

[OIII];  Woo  et  al.  2012)~  600  type  1  quasars  

• Statistical  study  of  SFR  vs.  BH  Growth  in  nearby  QSOs  

• more  abundant  sample  QSOs  with  WISE  selection  

Page 34: EAAGN 2016 mjkimastro1.snu.ac.kr/eaagn/contributions/MKim.pdf · 3. The Origin of Water (Ices) in Planetary Systems BOS S 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 Dark Energy

Summary• SPHEREx  will  conduct  the  first  all  sky  spectral  survey  with  

spectral  coverage  of  0.75-­‐5um.  

• SPHEREx  has  the  potential  to  have  an  impact  comparable  to  

the  other  great  wide-­‐field  surveys  of  the  2020’s  (M.  Strauss).    

• The  final  selection  will  be  made  in  Jan-­‐2017.  

• Stay  tuned!    

Page 35: EAAGN 2016 mjkimastro1.snu.ac.kr/eaagn/contributions/MKim.pdf · 3. The Origin of Water (Ices) in Planetary Systems BOS S 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 Dark Energy

Thank  you!