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OVERVIEW

TRAFFIC EXPLOTION

• SafetySafety: 6 Million crashes, 41,000 fatalities in U.S. per : 6 Million crashes, 41,000 fatalities in U.S. per year ($150 Billion)year ($150 Billion)

• CongestionCongestion: 3.5 Billion hours delay, 5.7 Billion gal. : 3.5 Billion hours delay, 5.7 Billion gal. wasted fuel per year in U.S. ($65 Billion)wasted fuel per year in U.S. ($65 Billion)

• PollutionPollution: > 50% hazardous air pollutants., up to 90% : > 50% hazardous air pollutants., up to 90% of the carbon monoxide in urban air.of the carbon monoxide in urban air.

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ADVANCEMENTS IN TECHNOLOGYADVANCEMENTS IN TECHNOLOGY

• Wireless communication network.Wireless communication network.

• High band width communication.High band width communication.

• Wide range communication.Wide range communication.

• Positioning devices.Positioning devices.

• VANETVANET

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““AD HOCAD HOC” ?” ?•Latin word which means Latin word which means “for this”.“for this”.•Signifies a solution Signifies a solution designed for a specific designed for a specific task.task.

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AD HOC NETWORKS

• Decentralized type of wire less networks.Decentralized type of wire less networks.• A network with minimal or no infrastructureA network with minimal or no infrastructure..• Each node can act as the source of data, the Each node can act as the source of data, the

destination for data and a network router.destination for data and a network router.• Self-organizingSelf-organizing..

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VANETVANET

• A real world application of MANET.A real world application of MANET.• Uses moving cars as nodes in a Uses moving cars as nodes in a

network to create a mobile network.network to create a mobile network.• Inter-vehicularInter-vehicular communication( IVC) network. communication( IVC) network.

• Road-VehicleRoad-Vehicle Communications( RVC). Communications( RVC).

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The difference between VANET and MANET:The difference between VANET and MANET:

VANET nodes are highly mobile, so network topology is changing very fast.

VANET nodes are vehicles, so there are less power and storage constraints.

VANET nodes move non-randomly along specific paths( roads).

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Motivation: Scenario I

Imagine traveling on a highway with traffic jam miles ahead…

Can we do better?8

Motivation: Scenario II Imagine driving to a new city and you want to find the best parking

lot

• No real-time information provided e.g. current occupancy

Use a Parking Map!

Again, can we do better?

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15.04.23Vehicular Communication

Technology 10

Motivation III

Safety and transport efficiency In India around 40,000 people die and more than 1.5 millions are

injured every year on the roads Traffic jams generate a tremendous waste of time and of fuel

Most of these problems can be solved by providing appropriate information to the driver or to the vehicle

What VANET OFFERS??

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Vehicle Communication (VC) VC promises safer roads,

… more efficient driving,

Safer Roads..

Vehicular Communication Technology 14

15.04.23Vehicular Communication

Technology 15

Vehicle Communication (VC) … more fun,

… and easier maintenance.

Who all are working on vehicular networks?

Automobile Industry

Projects• Vehicle to Infrastructure test-bed, SFO• PATH, CarTel, DieselNet (USA)• FleetNet, NOW, CarTalk2000 (Europe)

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Real-time information

• Automobile traffic

• Public transport

• Parking

• Airport arrivals/departures

• News.

Applications Overview Applications Overview

• Safety at roads• Bus Information System • Traffic management• Real-time information• Parking• Emergency management• Electronic toll collection• Commercial vehicle operations

Congestion Detection• Vehicles detect congestion when:

– Vehicles > Threshold 1– Speed < Threshold 2

• Relay congestion information – Hop-by-hop message forwarding– Other vehicles can choose alternate routes

Deceleration Warning

• Prevent pile-ups when a vehicle decelerates rapidly

Bus Information System

• Public Transport Information

Real-time Bus Stop Information

Traffic management

• Traffic Signals• Monitoring throughput:

- Recommended speeds• Incident Management• Signal priority for:

- Emergency vehicles

- Public transport• Boon for police.

Ramp metering

Electronic toll collection

• Electronic Payment– HAMLET 2 - Toll Collection on Motorways (France)– ETC - Electronic toll collection (Taiwan)– Barcode – Tolls collection (UAE)

Commercial vehicle Commercial vehicle operationsoperations

• Fleet Management – Taxi– Buses – Vans and Lorries– Emergency Vehicle

• Security and Safety – Tracking of Stolen Vehicle – Tracing of emergency vehicle – Tracking of Hazardous Goods

Routing. Broadcasting and communication. Security

◦ Authenticity◦ Confidentiality

REFERENCES  [1] Enhancing VANET Connectivity Through Roadside Units on Highways by

Sok-Ian Sou and Ozan K. Tonguz, Member, IEEE IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 60, NO. 8, OCTOBER 2011

[2] VANET Routing on City Roads Using Real-Time Vehicular Traffic Information Josiane Nzouonta, Neeraj Rajgure, Guiling (Grace) Wang, Member, IEEE, and Cristian Borcea, Member, IEEE : IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 58, NO. 7, SEPTEMBER 2012

[3] A Secure Cooperative Approach for Nonline-of-SightLocation Verification in VANET Osama Abumansoor, Member, IEEE, and Azzedine Boukerche, Senior Member, IEEE:IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 61, NO. 1, JANUARY 2012

[4] L. Campelli, M. Cesana, and R. Fracchia, “Directional broadcast forwarding of alarm messages in VANETs,” in Proc. 4th Annu. Conf. Wireless Demand Netw. Syst. Serv., pp. 72.