E Watertight Structures

1Technology and concepts for watertight concrete construction

By Er. DEVINDER CHAWLAM.E. (CTM)

Managing Director

SAMRITI ENGINEERS PRIVATE LIMITED DELHI (Regd.) Office : AD-132 C, PITAMPURA, NEWDELHI SCO-4, SECTOR 34-C, CHANDIGARH – 160022Telefax : 91-172 – 2615590, Mobile : 09216515590 e-mail: [email protected], & [email protected]

2

Watertight concrete construction

1. Water retaining structures

2. Waterproof facilities

3


1. Water retaining structures: keeping water in

• Reservoirs and water tanks

• Waste water treatment plants

• Dams

• Secondary containment bund

• Swimming pools

• Sewers and pipelines, etc.

4


2. Waterproof facilities: keeping water out

• Basements

• Parking garages

• Underground stations and subways

• Utility vaults

• Reservoirs and water tanks

• Marine structures

• Tunnels, etc.

5

Elements of watertight concrete structures

1. Concrete technology

2. Jointing technology

3. Penetrations

4. Solutions for unforeseen problems

6


1. Concrete Technology

• Dense impermeable concrete• Watertight concrete must have

minimised capillary volume andpermeability

2. Jointing Technology

• Solutions for constructionsand movement joints

Admixtures,

curing compounds

etc.

FLEXIBLE S

EALING

STRIP

7


3. Penetrations

• Solutions for pipe entries,utility services etc.

4. Solutions for unforeseen problems Products with high mechanical resistance, chemical resistance, crack bridging properties etc.

Coatings

Waterbars

Cracks

Honey combs

Swell-Products

8

Requirements for watertight concrete structures

1. Degree of watertightness

• Grade 1-4

• Special requirements

2. Concreting practice

• Formwork

• Steel reinforcement

• Concrete work

• Concrete curing

• Surface preparation of concrete joints

9


1. Degree of watertightness acc. BS 8102 depending on the use

Grade Requirements Typical structures

1 Some seepage and damppatches tolerable

Basic utility. Car parkinggarages, plant roomsexcluding electricalequipment, workshops

2 No water penetration butmoisture vapour tolerable

Residential and commercialbasement, workshops

3 Essential where a dryenvironment is required andwater penetration is intolerable

Ventilated residential andworking areas, offices,restaurants

4 Totally dry environment Vapour impermeable.Archives, computer rooms

10


Solution for grade 4

Watertight concrete• High range water reducing

admixtures Conplast SP 430

Capillary blocking system• Integral W P Conplast WP 90

Joint sealing systems• Swellable Gasket & Profiles• Injectoflex-System• Waterbars• Expoband H 45-Hypalon Mem

Vapour-proof coatings, membranes• Water Insensitive Epoxy coating systems• Elastomeric cementitious coatings/renderings-Brushbond RFX

Totally dry, vapour impermeable environment

11


Solutions for grade 3


admixtures

Capillary blocking system• Integral W P

Joint sealing systems• Injectoflex-System• Waterbars

• Hypalon Membrane

Dry environment and water penetration intolerable

12




admixtures

Joint sealing systems• Injectoflex-System• Waterbars• Hypalon Membrane

No water penetration but moisture vapour tolerable

13



Watertight concrete• Water reducing admixtures

Joint sealing systems• Swellable Gasket & Profiles• Injectoflex-System• Waterbars• Expoband H 45-Hypalon Mem

Some seepage and damppatches tolerable

14


Solution for special requirements

Special requirements• Hygienic and easy to clean• Approved in contact with drinking water• Crack bridging• Chemically resistant• Waste water resistant

Watertight concrete, jointing system according grade 3 or 4

Additional protective layers (dep. on project requirements)• Water Insensitive Epoxy coating systems• Elastomeric cementitious renderings

15



Formwork

• Formwork joints must be tightto prevent leakage of liquid

• Formwork shall impart asmooth finish to the resultingconcrete surface

• Removing of formwork shallbe done without shock orvibration

To fulfil use of mould release agent Reebol

16



Steel reinforcement

• Design and fixing of reinforcement very importantto minimise potential problems, such as

• Cracks due to insufficientreinforcement

• Insufficient concrete cover Increased shrinkage Accelerate corrosion

• Obstruction of joint sealingsystem

• Congestion Inadequate concrete compaction

17



Concrete work

• For the transport of watertightconcrete use a ready-mixconcrete truck

• Watertight concrete can beplaced by pumping, pouringor by crane

• Compaction by mechanicalvibrating is required

18



Concrete curing

• For watertight concretecomplete curing is essential

• Without curing a high quantity ofwater evaporates at the surfaceand the concrete will crack

Cover immediately with a dampplastic sheeting

Use a curing compound such as Concure WB/LP 90

19



Surface preparation of concrete joints

For Construction joints

Use a surface retarder

to obtain a roughsurface for good adhesion of thesubsequent fresh concrete

20

Technology of waterproof concrete

1. Definition of watertightness and testing

• Definition and testing according SIA 162

• Definition and testing according DIN 1048

2. Pores and cavities in concrete• Structure

• Reduction of compaction pores

• Reduction of capillary pores

• Blocking of capillary pores

21



According Swiss Standard SIA 262/1-A

• Crack-free concrete can be said to be “watertight” if the volume of water penetrating is lower than the minimum vaporisable volume of the water of the opposite side.

Requirement

• Water absorption qw < vaporisable volume of water qd

Wall thickness d

Air

qd

qw

ConcreteWater

The bigger d, the better the watertightness

Recommended range for watertight concreteqw 10 g/m2 x h

22


Water absorption qw by suction

• Test: According SIA 262/1 A• Exposure: Soaking under

permanent water contact• Measurement of water absorption

in gram from (1 hour to two weeks)• Specimen: Drill cores

Testing time (days)

Wat

er a

bso

rpti

on

(g

)

8.00

7.00

6.00

5.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.000 1 3 7 14

qw = g / m2 x h

Standard concrete without admixtures Concrete with Super plasticisers

23


Vaporisable volume of water qd

• Depends on climatic conditions on oppositeside of the water :

- Air temperature

- Relative humidity

- Wind speed vw

vw = 0 m/s see graphvw = 1 m/s qd1 ~ 2 x qd0

vw = 5 m/s qd5 ~ 5 x qd0

Relative humidity %A

ir t

emp

erat

ure

°C

40

30

20

10

0

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

q d = 50 g

/m2 x h

Not recommended for watertightconcrete structures

24



According European Standard SN EN 12390-8

• Max. water penetration (e) in the in the concrete 50 mm

Requirements

• Good concrete quality• Correct solution for joints

Wat

er p

enet

rati

on

(e)

mm

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0.3 0.4 0.5

W/C ratio

Standard concrete mixSP

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Water penetration e

• Test: According SN EN 12390-8• Exposure: Water penetration via

water pressure• Measurement of max. water

penetration in mm after 24 hourswith a water pressure of 5 bar

70

Wat

er p

enet

rati

on

(e)

mm 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Reference concrete without admixtures

Concrete with Super plasticisers

26


Water penetration coefficient (w) by Karsten

• Site measurement• Measurement of water

absorption in ml after 2 hours• Unit w = kg/m2 x h1/2

Concrete with Super plasticisers

0.16

Wat

er a

bso

rpti

on

(w

) m

l

Reference concrete without admixtures

0.14

0.12

0.10

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0

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2. Pores and cavities in concrete

Structure• The relation between concrete content and pore structure is shown in the

following picture

The design of the concrete mixture is very important

28



Reduction of compaction pores• Use at least soft or plastic concrete consistency to minimise the compaction

pores

The design of the concrete mixture is very important

29



Reduction of capillary pores by water reduction (grade 2)

High w/c ratio > 0.6Big pores due to missing fine sand and content of fines

Low w/c ratio = 0.4Very dense cement-stone

0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6

25

20

15

10

5

0

Wat

er r

edu

ctio

n %

HRWR-dosage

Water reduction in % with SP

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Blocking of capillary pores by using a waterproofer (grade 3)

• Improve crystallisation of cement hydration • CIS contains complex silicates with extremely high reactivity• The result is further blocking of the pores and formation of a dense cement

matrix• The pore blocking materials line at the inside of capillary pores forming a

hydrophobic layer• The result is reduced water absorption• If water penetrates under pressure, swelling action of the silicate hydrates

take place• This swelling action effectively blocks the pores

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Technology of watertight joints

Principle 1: External surface applied

Principle 2: Integral cast in place

Principle 3: Internal surface applied

Selection criteria for principle 1-3

Expoband H 45-Hypalon Membrane

Waterbars

Injectoflex-System

Supercast SW-swell Profiles

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Technology of watertight jointsPrinciple 1: External surface applied

Water infiltration is stopped on the external surface of the

structure• Where the reinforcement does not allow internal waterproofing• Where direct water pressure con not cause seal damage (abrasion)• Where corrosive water outside the structure has to be precluded

(e.g. sulphate water, salty water etc.)

Waterbar ExpobandH 45

Construction jointMovement joint

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Technology of watertight jointsPrinciple 2: Integral cast in place

Water is stopped inside of the structure• Where external waterproofing is undesirable for aesthetic reasons• Where later application of the sealing system is not possible for

time or technical reasons• Where the sealing system has to be protected from direct water

pressure (e.g. due to abrasion)

Construction joint

Movement joint

Waterbar

SupercastSW 10/20 Profiles

Supercast SWX

Injectoflex- System

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Technology of watertight jointsPrinciple 3: Internal surface applied

Water infiltration is stopped on the inside of the structure• Connection to existing buildings• Water retaining structures (e.g. water tanks)• Repair work

Construction jointMovement joint

Expoband H 45

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Selection criteria for principle 1-3

Supercast SW 10/20-Swell Profiles

Supercast SWX-Paste

Positioning / limits• Max. recommended water head 2 bar (20 m)

• New tests up to 5 bar water head

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Technology of watertight jointsExpoband H 45

System• High performance sealing system for irregular and high movement

joints and repair of cracks• Based on flexible Hypalon sheeting which is glued to the substrate

with the epoxy resin based Supastik E 10-Epoxy adhesive• Tape ends are connected by hot air welding

Uses• Sealing system for construction, expansion and connection

joints, as well as cracks in:- Tunnels and culverts- Roof joints- Sewage treatment plants- Hydro electric power plants- Basements- Water retaining structures- Swimming pools- Drinking water reservoirs etc.

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Expoband H 45

Function• The sealing function consists of the good adhesion of the strip to the

substrate as well as to the adhesive

• Bonded to the concrete the it prevents the water ingress and increases the path of water penetration into concrete

e = water penetration (EN 206)s = increased length for water

penetration

s >> ee

s

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Technology of watertight jointsExpoband H 45

Advantages• Adaptable to the construction program• Easy to adjust to complicated details• Damages or leaks can be repaired• Easy to control the application because

it is visible• Easy to repair damages• Completely water and weather resistant• Root resistant• Resistant to UV light• Resistant to many chemicals• Excellent adhesion to many materials• Over coating with epoxy or mortars

possible

39


Expoband H 45

Limits• Supporting of tape

If the joints are subjected to water pressure, the tape must be supported

Positive water pressure: support with hard foam or joint sealant

Negative water pressure: support with counter structure (steel profile) fixed on one side

Limit without support:for 5 mm joints at +20°C and 2 mm thick tape: max. 0.5 bar (5 m)

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Expoband H 45

Applications

Water treatment plant:

Sealing segments of prefabricated concrete elements

41


Expoband H 45

Applications

Swimming pools: Sealing of expansion joints

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Technology of watertight jointsWaterbars

System• Flexible PVC waterbar sections for the sealing of construction

and movement joints subjected to low or high water pressure• Waterbars have ribbed flanges for anchoring and sealing

(no adherence to concrete)• For cast in place concrete• Tape ends are connected by hot air welding

Uses• Sealing of construction and expansion joints in:

- Tunnels- Sewage treatment plants- Dams- Basements- Water retaining structures- Swimming pools- Ducts etc.

43


Function• Increasing the length of the path for water penetration (labyrinth system)

• The water path along the waterbar should to be approx. as long as thethickness of the concrete section

• Thereby the joint is as tight as the concrete structure itself

e = water penetration (EN 206)

s = increased length for water penetration

s >> e

Surface waterbar Centrally placed waterbar

d b

dbe

s

eu

s >> e s = u

44


Advantages• Increased distance for water penetration• No risk due to insufficient surface

preparation• Application independent of the weather• Easy to weld on site• Many different sizes and types available

(reinforced types, NBR- and PO-based types)• High PVC quality for long durability• Suitable for high water pressure• Resistant to many chemicals (e.g. sewage)• Bitumen and oil resistant waterbars

(B-Types) available

45


WaterbarsAvailable systems (examples)

Integral applied• Installation in the centre of the concrete structure• Easy fixing to the reinforcement with special fixing clips (5 pieces / m’)

External surface applied• Installation on the surface of the formwork resp. on the lean concrete• Easy fixing with nails (laterally!)

For construction joints For movement joints

For construction joints For movement joints Fixing with nails

46


WaterbarsAvailable systems (examples)

Special materials• Bitumen and oil resistant types (Green B-Types)

• NBR- Waterbars

• Polyolefine-Waterbars

Junction pieces• Cross pieces (flat and vertical)

• T-pieces (flat and vertical)

• L-pieces flat

• Corner pieces vertical (pins inside or outside)

All pieces have a 30 cm free wing, allowing easybutt-welding at site

Cross piece flat

47


Waterbars

External surface applied or centrally placed waterbar?

Sealing against seeping or ground water of basements,

retaining walls etc.• External surface applied or centrally placed waterbars

may be used

Sealing against free flowing water in retaining structures

such as channels, swimming pools, sewage treatment

plants etc.• Only centrally placed waterbars should be used• External surface applied waterbars are placed on the water side.

They could be damaged by mechanical wear (e.g abrasion, gatevalves in sewage treatment plants etc.)

48

Technology of watertight jointsWaterbarsExternal surface applied or centrally placed waterbar?

Water pressure• External surface applied waterbars have a shorter increase of water

pass in comparison to centrally placed waterbars of the same width• Externally surface applied waterbars may therefor only be used at low pressure

Reinforcement• Joints in structures with dense and complicated reinforcement are

preferable sealed with external surface applied waterbars. Sincethey are placed outside the reinforcement

Formwork• The fixing of external surface applied waterbars on steel shuttering

is not so easy• Therefore centrally placed waterbars should be preferred

49


Waterbars

Limits• Precise location and fixing is a must• Complicated and carefully formwork and concreting work required• Crack sealing not possible• Leaks are difficult to localise • Connection between new and existing building not possible• Service temperature

-35°C to +55°C• Chemical resistance

Long-term to:- Water, cement water, seawater, salt solutions, sewage

50


WaterbarsApplications

Waterbar Type Forte: Centrally placed reinforced waterbars.

Due to reinforcement the Forte waterbars are dimensionally

stable and have hardly to be fixed.

51


WaterbarsApplications

Waterbar Type Forte: Centrally placed reinforced waterbars.

Example of formwork

52

Technology of watertight jointsInjectoflex-System

System• High performance injection system to seal construction joints• The Injectoflex hose incorporates three exterior parts which swell in

contact with water and seal the joints• In a second phase the Injectoflex-System can be injected

Uses• Sealing system for construction joints:

- Tunnels- Underground constructions- Parking garages- Underground stations- Basements- etc.

Swelling rubber

Injection ports

Foam rubber valves

53


Function: The sealing function occurs in two phases

Phase 1• Swelling caused by water exposure

• Injectoflex-System Type HP has swelling profiles on each of its 3 sides

• Penetrating water activates the 3 exterior surfaces of the hosewhich swell to seal the joint

• The resulting pressure forces the water to find a new and longer waythrough the structure and this seals the structure due to thereduction of water pressure s e

Before water exposure

After water exposure

s

e

54

Technology of watertight jointsInjectoflex-System Type HP


Phase 2• If necessary the system can be injected

• Injection products:Micro cementWater swellable resin

• The injection material fills the voids, cracks and again causes the waterto attempt to travel longer distances and effectively seals the structure

s >> e

e = water penetration (EN 206)s = increased length for water penetration

s

e

55



Phase 2• Section of an injected Injectoflex hose

• The injection resin was coloured for checking

56


Injectoflex-System

Advantages• Accurate water stopping in 2 phases• Economic• Easy to install• Adaptable to any form of structure

and program• No additional fixing of formwork

required• No additional fixing to steel

reinforcement required• Disturbed areas (e.g. honeycombs)

close to the system can be levelled at a later stage

57


Injectoflex-System Type HP

Available packaging• Injectoflex-System Type HP is being supplied as a

complete set (carton box) including:- 40 m Injectoflex hose Type HP- 6 shutter packers with connection pieces and tube- 200 fixing hooks- 6 corner connection pieces

• Injectoflex-System Type NS (without swelling capacity)- Same packaging as Type HP- Recommended if a construction is planned to include injection (more economical)

58



Limits

• Not suitable for movement joints

• The 3 external “strips” of the Injectoflex hose type PH swellin contact with water. This does not happen immediatelybut slowly after a few hours.Nevertheless it is advisable not to leave the Injectoflexhose Type HP in standing water more than 1 day

• Exposure to a rain shower does not have any negativeimpact as long as the water can drain away

59



Limits• Place the Injectoflex hose in sections of

max. 8 m

• The hose has to be placed in such away that a concrete cover of at least10 cm is possible parallel to thesurface of the inner and outerformwork

• In case of injectionAge of concrete at lest 4 weeks

b

b/2 b/2

b wall thickness

b/2 10 cm

60



Applications

Water reservoir:

Sealing of construction joints between slab and walls

61



Applications

Block offices:

Sealing of construction joints between slab and walls

Sealing of construction joints between walls and walls

Shutter packers

62

Technology of watertight jointsSupercast SWX

System• Supercast SWX is a polyurethane based water swelling sealant for

construction joints and penetrations• Supercast SWX is extruded with a simple gun between

hardened and fresh concrete

Uses• Sealing of:

- Construction joints- Pipe and steel work penetrations trough walls and floor slabs- Around all types of penetrations and entries- Channel sections

• Fixation of:- Swell Profiles- Injectoflex Hoses

63


Supercast SWX

Function

No profileWater flows through the construction joint

With Supercast SWXwater can pass at the beginning but in a very limited quantity

Supercast SWXAfter expansion the pressure generated by Supercast SWXassures a perfectly watertight joint

64


Supercast SWX

Function

Before expansion After expansion

65


Supercast SWX

Advantages• Very easy to apply• Easy to extrude even at low temperatures

• Good adhesion to various substrates

• Excellent sag resistance at high temperatures

• Can be applied on horizontal or verticalsurfaces

• Can be applied on damp concrete

• Economical

• Permanently water resistant• Optimal swelling properties• Compensates irregularities of the hardened

concrete assuring watertightness

Others

Supercast SWX

66


Supercast SWX

Limits• Not suitable for movement joints

• Supercast SWX expands in contact with water. This does not happen immediately but slowly after a few hours.Nevertheless it is advisable not to leave it in standingwater more than 1 day


• Although it has been tested at water pressures up to 5 barit’s normally not recommended for water pressures higher than 2 bar

• In case of rapidly rising water table no immediate sealing is possible (expansion process needs time)

67


Supercast SWX

Limits• Place Supercast SWX in the centre of the concrete section

• Minimum cover on both sides of the concrete:

Non reinforced concreteReinforced concrete

68


Supercast SWXApplications

Sealing of construction joints

69


Supercast SW 10/20

System• Supercast SW Profiles are made of hydro swelling rubber and therefore

expand in contact with water

• Sealing profiles for construction joints and penetrations

• Supercast SW Profiles are applied between hardened and fresh concrete

Uses• Sealing of:

- Construction joints- Pipe and steel work penetrations trough walls and floor slabs- Around all types of penetrations and entries- Channel sections

70


Supercast SW

Function• After contact with water the exterior surface of the profiles swell

• The resultant pressure increases the path of water penetrationand assures watertightness

s e

e

s

e = water penetration (EN 206)s = increased length for water penetration

Before and after contact with water

Supercast SW

71


Supercast SW

Advantages• Very easy to apply• Needs no hardening time

• Can be applied on horizontal orvertical surfaces

• Can be applied on different substrates• Can be applied on damp concrete

• Economical

• Permanently water resistant

• Optimal swelling properties• With protective coating to avoid

premature swelling

• Different types and dimensions available

72


Supercast SW

Available packaging

Mono types: Highly swellable• Supercast SW 10/20

- Box with roll of 1 x 10 m or 7 x 20 m

Hybrid types: Dual swellable with stabilising inner core

• Profiles With pressure relief chambers- Box with roll of 1 x 10 m or 5 x 10 m

73


Supercast SW

Limits• Not suitable for movement joints

• Not suitable for contact with salty water

• Supercast SW Profiles expand in contact with water.

This does not happen immediately but slowly after a few hours.Nevertheless it is advisable not to leave Profiles in standingwater more than 1 day


• Although Profiles have been tested at water pressures up to5 bar it’s normally not recommended for water pressures higherthan 2 bar

• In case of rapidly rising water table no immediate sealing is possible (expansion process needs time)

74


Supercast SW

Limits• Place Profiles in the centre of the concrete section

• Minimum cover on both sides of the concrete:- Reinforced concrete min. 10 cm- Non reinforced concrete min. 15 cm

b

b/2 b/2

b wall thicknessb/2 10 resp. 15 cm

75


Supercast SW Profiles

Applications

Sealing of construction joints: Very easy by gluing onto the

hardened concrete with Supercast SWX Adhesive

CorrectConnections are butt jointed

Wrong

76



Applications

Sealing of construction joints: Very easy by gluing onto the

hardened concrete with Supercast SWX

CorrectCorners are butt jointed

Wrong

77



Applications

Sealing of construction joints

78

Penetrations

1. Pipe entries

2. Formwork-Ties

2. Ground water pump

79

Penetrations

With any watertight construction, continuity of the sealing

systems is essential for success

When pipe entries, utility services and conduits are placed

in or through a structure, the watertightness of the structure

is at risk

To avoid risks

Fosroc offers solutions

80

Penetrations

Pipe entries

With Supercast SWX or Supercast SW-Swell Profiles

Supercast SWX

Swell Profiles

81

Penetrations

Pipe entries

With Expoband H 45

Recess

Expoband H 45

82

Penetrations

Formwork-Ties

With Supastik E 10- Adhesive or Brushbond

BRUSHBOND Plug

83

Penetrations

Ground water pump

With Expoband H 45 and Supercast SW-Swell Profiles

Expoband H 45

Supercast SW-Swell Profile

Floor slab

Pipe

Supercast SW- Swellable waterstops for in-situ concrete

Uses• Integral sealing for construction joints in concrete cast

in-situ where conventional waterstops are impractical to use because of limited access.

• Convenient and problem solving in situations where a conventional waterstop would require complex shuttering

• Typical uses include secant piled and diaphragm walled basements, pile caps and casting against old concrete.

• Supercast SW can provide simple solutions to detailing pipe entries, construction joints in the vertical plane and to kicker joints.

• Can be linked to Supercast PVC*Ü waterstops to give an effective combination of waterstops which maintain network continuity.

Advantages• Easy to install by bonding, nailing or casting into joint

faces.• Factory made connectors enable full integration of

Supercast SW20 and Supercast PVC networks• Solves detailing problems in conjunction with

Supercast PVC range• Swelling properties unaffected by long term wet/dry

cycling• Tolerant of salts present in concrete and groundwater• Sustains effective seal in wet conditions• Standards compliance Suitable for use in contact with potable water - Water

Byelaws

Fosroc Range Sealants

Hypolan Membrane – Expoband H 45

Application: Irregular / Vertical – Horizontal joints

Podium slab joints

Water immersion joints / Water retaining

structures

Potable & water retaining structure joints

Supercast SWSupercast SW

Polymer hydrophilic waterstop

Hydrophilic Waterstops

2 different types available

• Base polymer hydrophilic

• Blended hydrophilic

Must use PVC waterstops for

expansion joints

Supercast SW range

Base polymer hydrophilic

Superior wet / dry cycling long term performance

High swelling pressures for deep basements

• Hydrostatic pressure resistance: 10m after 1 day 30m after 2 days 50m after 5 days

• Minimum of 80mm concrete cover required

Fosroc hydrophilic waterstops

Supercast

• SW10

• SW20

• Supercast SWX

• Supercast SW adhesive

Injection hose waterstops

2 different types available

• Single injection

• Multiple injection

Attached with clips Overlapping at junction Junction boxes

Multiple injection hose

Future structural movements can be re-sealed

Very bad joints can be completely filled

Injecting the resin Excess resin

Fosroc Injection hose waterstops

Supercast Predimax

Finished installation After concreting

flexible and durable can be injected several times safe, secure construction can be injected with all resins and microfine cement

FOSROC Injection Hoses

Injection

PREDIMAX® injection hose technology

Supercast Predimax

PREDIMAX® is easy to install and very simple to handle !

Supercast Predimax

Supercast Predimax

Proofex PGP

Flexible PVC synthetic membrane

Continuously loose laid system.

2mm thick loose laid PVC membrane with hot air welded seams.

The membrane layers are overlapped to achieve a minimum weld of 50mm.

Hot air welding can be either hand applied or by means of automatic machines.

Proofex PGP

Thickness : 2 mm

Standard Colours (2) : Black – Grey

Tensile strength ASTM D412)

Longitudinal : >17N/mm2

Transversal : >17N/mm2

Elongation at break (ASTM D412)

Longitudinal : > 300%

Transversal : > 300%

Proofex PGP

Puncture resistance

(ASTM E 154:93)

Maximum Load : > 1200N

Water permeability

(BSEN 12390 P8) :

No penetration @ 5 bar pressure

Tear resistance (ASTM D624)

Longitudinal : > 50N/mm

Transversal : > 50N/mm

Lap joint strength : > 1000 N/5cm (welded) UEATc

Fosroc loose-laid membranes

Fosroc loose-laid TPO/FPA membrane systems can be utilised for both below ground and roof waterproofing applications.

These systems have fully welded laps for optimum performance

Based on Flexible Polypropylene Alloy for long term durability

Advantages of TPO/FPA membranes

Advantages of TPO/FPA membranes

Environmentally friendly• Inert – no volatile components• No toxic fumes when welded• No plasticisers that could leach out into the ground• Recyclable

Outstanding elongation performance

Compatible with bitumen for roofoverlays

APPLICATION

EquipmentApplication equipment

A- LEISTER DIP(control electric): for single welding (hot air gun)

B- LEISTER VARIMAT : for automatic single welding

C- LEISTER TWINNY T : for automatic double seam welding

Tools & Equipment

Hand welding

Automatic double weld system(allows testing of welds)

Automatic single weld system

Tools

Application tools

A- knife cutters

B- arm rubber and metal rollers for LEISTER DIP

C- screw drivers with hook finish

Accessories

A- Fosroc solvent 102 (cleaner)

B- Fosroc PGP fitters

Welding

Testing Equipment

Air pressure testing needle with gauge.

Air pressure pump. (Calibration Certificate should be attached)

Horizontal Application

Casting the Blinding Laying the loose laid geotextile membrane 340 g/m2 Laying and welding the Proofex PGP (80 mm overlap) Introduce the waterstop compartments Laying another geotextile membrane 140 g/m2 Casting 50mm sand cement protection screed

Vertical Application

Plastering or shotcreting the wall Laying the loose laid geotextile membrane 340 gm/m2 by

adhesive Laying the membrane vertically in sections(from bottom to

top) Introducing and welding the compartments(membrane

should be Part of the structure not the shuttering walls) Welding the Proofex PGP fitters to the membrane Laying the geotextile membrane 340 g/m2using these fitters

Pile head Waterproofing

Re-profile using Supercast PC Water stop will be fixed around the pile Supercast EPT on top Welding the horizontal Proofex PGP to the existing waterstop

Pile head membrane dressing

Application

Hot air welding

Patch repair w

elding

Pipe penetration

Visual clip - Welding

Applications

Podium deck waterproofing

Loose-laid ballast system• Membrane laid on top of insulation• Geotextile layer protection against ballast

Protected membrane system• Membrane laid on top of concrete deck

Visual clip - Welding

Applications

Below ground waterproofing

Suitable for deep basements

Full compartmentalization system available, utilising waterstops

Suitable for piled sites

Fosroc Nukote Polyurea System

A New Technology

Fosroc Nukote Polyurea System

SINGLE PRODUCT SOLUTION FOR BASEMENTRETAINING WALL,TERRACE, PODIUM SLAB

Spray applied Gels in seconds Tack free in 30 seconds Back in service in minutes Very high physical properties Seamless spray applied

Fosroc Nukote ST

Fosroc Nukote STTwo component, fast curing pure polyurea system suitable for waterproofing and protection applications

Basement Retaining walls Terrace Podium slab Watertanks Expansion joint treatment.

Waterproof and protective coating for concrete and steel Typical applications include:

Fosroc Nukote ST

Advantage Tensile strength 29 Mpa Elongation 430% Tear Strength 101.5 Kn/M Gel time 20 Sec Tackfree 45 Sec Abrasion resistance ASTM D – 4060 : < 20 mg Loss Can be applied at ambient temperatures between –30°C to 170°C Designed for service temperatures from –35°C to 135°C

Tunnel waterproofing in Hong Kong

Typical Applications

Deck waterproofing


Soft water basin - Water containment


Roof applications in Dubai


Proofex Engage

Pre applied HDPE waterproofing membrane which mechanically bonds to poured concrete slabs, remaining in place if settlement of substrate occurs

Basement waterproofing protection to grades 2,3, and 4 as defined in BS8102:1990

To provide a vapour and waterproof membrane in building and civil engineering structures

Resistant to attack from chemicals and aggressive ground salts

Uses & advantages

Proofex Engage

Forms a tenacious mechanical bond to poured concrete remaining in place if settlement of the substrate occurs

Simple application – no primers or protection material required

Inert product – no risk of a reaction with ponded water prior to concrete being poured

Durable – withstands inclement weather and resists construction related damage. Can be trafficked immediately after application

Facilitates flexible construction programming

Uses & advantages (contd.)

Proofex Engage

Waterproofing Solutions

Fosroc waterproofing systems

Spray

Self adhesive

Pre appliedLoose laid

Torch-on Liquid applied

Loose-laid membranesLoose-laid membranes

Fosroc products

Fosroc Proofex PGP

- 2.0 mm thick PVC membrane

Fosroc Proofex OGP• 1.5mm thick TPO / FPA membrane

Fosroc Proofex ORG• 1.5mm thick reinforced TPO / FPA membrane

Applications

Below ground waterproofing

Loose-laid system

Fully welded joints

Concrete slab

50mm screedProofex OGPGeotextile layerBlinding concrete

System build up

Applications

Podium deck waterproofing

Applications

Flat roof waterproofing

Applications

Canals and ponds waterproofing

Loose-laid system• Membrane laid on top of geotextile layer

CAD DETAILS

pile pgp

Feb 23rd, 2009

KRP

FOSROC STANDARD PILE CAPS WATERPROOFING DETAIL

STD

WATERPROOFING DETAIL FOR PILE CAPS

DETAIL "C"

DETAIL "B"

RAFT

1 to 1-A

pile pgp

Feb 23rd, 2009

KRP

PILE CAPS SECTION WATERPROOFING DETAIL


STD

SAND / CEMENT MORTAR ANGLE FILLET(BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)

DETAIL "B"

DETAIL "C"

SPRAYED PLASTER FOR SMOOTHENING THE SURFACE (BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)

GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2




100mm THICK PCC BLINDING ON 1000 GUAGE POLYTHENE SHEET (BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)

50mm THICK PROTECTION SCREED (BY M/C) ON 140gm/m2 GEOTEXTILE SEPERTATION LAYER


2 MM PROOFEX PGP MEMBRANE


1-A

Note:-TERMINATION AT LEAST A 75 MM EDGE AND A 150 MM END LAP SHOULD BE WELDED AND ROLLED FIRMLY TO ACHIVE A GOOD BOND.

pile pgp

Feb 23rd, 2009

KRP

FOSROC STANDARD WATERPROOFING DETAIL

STD

DETAIL "B"

WATERPROOFING DETAIL FOR BASEMENT

TOP OF RAFTFOSROC PREDIMAX INJECTION HOSE

250 MM SUPERCAST REARGUARD R PVC WATERBAR

2 to 2-A

pile pgp

Feb 23rd, 2009

KRP

PILE CAPS SECTION WATERPROOFING DETAIL


STD

SAND / CEMENT MORTAR ANGLE FILLET(BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)

DETAIL "B"

SPRAYED PLASTER FOR SMOOTHENING THE SURFACE (BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)



100mm THICK PCC BLINDING ON 1000 GUAGE POLYTHENE SHEET (BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)



2-A


pile pgp

Feb 23rd, 2009

KRP

WALL WATERPROOFING DETAIL

FOSROC STANDARD WALL WATERPROOFING DETAIL

STD

DETAIL FOR VERTICAL AREA WATERPROOFING

DETAIL "D"

SPRAYED PLASTER FOR SMOOTHENING THE SURFACE(BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)

1mm THICK, 50mm GIRTH PLAIN FINISHALUMN. FLASHING WITH THIOFLEX POLYSULPHIDE SEALANT

WATERPROOFING DETAIL WITH RETAINING WALL

GROUND FLOOR LEVEL

RAFT FOUNDATION(BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)

DETAIL "B"

DETAIL "B"PAVEMENT LEVEL

PAVEMENT LEVEL

SPRAYED PLASTER FOR SMOOTHENING THE SURFACE(BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)

SAND / CEMENT MORTAR ANGLE FILLET (BY M/C)

DETAIL "D"

SHORING WALL(BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)

DETAIL "E"



DETAIL "E"







50mm

100mm THICK PCC BLINDING ON1000 GUAGE POLYTHENE SHEET(BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)


PROOFEX PGP MEMBRANE

FOSROC PREDIMAX INJECTION HOSE

FOSROC SUPERCAST REARGUARD R PVC WATERBAR




3


pile pgp

Feb 23rd, 2009

KRP

COMPARTMENT WATERPROOFING DETAIL

FOSROC STANDARD COMPARTMENT WATERPROOFING DETAIL

STD

100mm THICK PCC BLINDING ON 1000 GUAGE POLYTHENE SHEET


WELL COMPACTED EARTH

STAINLESS STEEL CLAMPING RINGS

FOSROC SEALANT



HORIZONTAL WATER PROOFING DETAIL (COMPARTMENT)

WATERPROOFING DETAIL OF GRP/ PVC / STEELPIPE PENETRATION

50mm THICK PROTECTION SCREED ON 140gm/m2 GEOTEXTILE SEPERTATION LAYER


SUPERCAST PVC WATERSTOP - REARGUARD R


SLEEVE

4


pile pgp

Feb 23rd, 2009

KRP

CONSTRUCTION J OINT WATERPROOFING DETAIL

FOSROC STANDARD CONSTRUCTION J OINTWATERPROOFING DETAIL

STD

WATERPROOFING INTERSECTION (CONSTRUCTION JOINT) DETAIL AT WALL

NAIL FOR TEMPORARRY HANGING OF MEMBRANE

R.C. SLAB



JOINT FILLER

NITOMORTAR S

NEW STRUCTURE EXISTING STRUCTURE

EXPANSION JOINT DETAIL BETWEEN NEW & EXISTING STRUCTURES

FOSROC PEEDIMAX INJECTION HOSE

SUPERCAST PVC WATERSTOP - REARGUARD R

SUPERCAST PVC WATERSTOP REARGUARD R


FOSROC JOINT SEALANT SYSTEM

RENDEROC SXtra

5


pile pgp

Feb 23rd, 2009

KRP

FOSROC STANDARD WALL WATERPROOFING DETAIL

STD



FIXING THE ROUNDELLES WELDED TO MEMBRANE

SPIKE FOR ANCHORING THE MEMBRANE TO VERTICAL WALL

WALL FIXING DETAIL (INTERNAL)


6


FOSROC STANDARD CONTRACTION JOINT WATERPROOFING DETAILS

7

Product positioningOur products are positioned in the market at different

performance price points

For example;

Polyurea WPE

Premium spray applied, seamless, fast curing, highly elastic, long life membrane

Proofex OGP Loose-laid, welded

laps TPO membrane

Proofex Torchseal

Bitumen torch-on, lapped membrane

Price

Performance

PODIUM DECK WATERPROOFING

Nitoproof 600 Liquid applied,

seamless, elastic membrane

Proofex GP

Self adhesive bitumen membrane.

Product positioning

Proofex Engage

Premium pre-applied , robust, long life fully adhered , non tracking membrane.

Proofex OGP

Environmentally friendly loose-laid TPO membrane.

Brushbond

Cementitious waterproof coating for non critical applications.

Price

Performance

BELOW GROUND WATERPROOFING

Another example;

Proofex PGP

Loose-laid PVC membrane.

E Watertight Structures

Documents

Transcript of E Watertight Structures