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Transcript of e Nnnnn Nnnnnnnnn
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ENGLISH
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ALPHABET
A a
( ei )
Bb
( bi )
C c
( ci )
D d
( di )
E e
( i )
F
( ef )
G g
( yi )
H h
( eich )
I i
( ai )
Jj
( yei )
K k
( key )
L l
( el )
M m
(em )
N n
( en )
O o
( ou )
P p
( pi )
Q q
( kiu )
R r
( ar )
S s
( es )
T t
( ti )
U u
( ou )
V v
( vi )
W
(dabli)
X x
( ex )
Y y
( uay )
Z z
(zi)
NAME
D I A N A C R U Zdi ai ei en ei ci ar ou zi
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SONG
Artista:Kansas Letras
lbum:Point Of KnowReturn
Ano: 1977
(Kerry Livgren) Dust In The Wind :
I close my eyes, only for a moment, and the moment's gone
All my dreams, pass before my eyes, a curiosity
Dust in the wind, all they are is dust in the wind
Same old song, just a drop of water in an endless sea
All we do, crumbles to the ground, though we refuse to see
Dust in the wind, All we are is dust in the wind
Don't hang on, nothing lasts forever but the earth and sky
It slips away, all your money won't another minute buy
http://www.letrasmania.com/artista/letras_de_canciones_kansas_2234.htmlhttp://www.letrasmania.com/artista/letras_de_canciones_kansas_2234.htmlhttp://www.letrasmania.com/artista/letras_de_canciones_kansas_2234.htmlhttp://www.letrasmania.com/album/letras_de_canciones_kansas_2234_letras_point_of_know_return_5953.htmlhttp://www.letrasmania.com/album/letras_de_canciones_kansas_2234_letras_point_of_know_return_5953.htmlhttp://www.letrasmania.com/album/letras_de_canciones_kansas_2234_letras_point_of_know_return_5953.htmlhttp://www.letrasmania.com/album/letras_de_canciones_kansas_2234_letras_point_of_know_return_5953.htmlhttp://www.letrasmania.com/artista/letras_de_canciones_kansas_2234.html -
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Dust in the wind, All we are is dust in the wind
Personal Pronouns (Pronombres
personales)
En ingls no existe la forma "usted" o "ustedes" formal. Por lo tanto los nativos de lalengua ni siquiera lo tienen conceptualizado como una forma aqu llamada "formal".
Se tiene que entender entonces que la forma masculina, femenina y neutra son lomismo, lo nico que les diferencia es el gnero.
Adems, ten en cuenta que en ingls slo existe una forma para "tu" y "vosotros" -"you," excepto en la forma reflexiva que distingue entre el singular (yourself) yplural (yourselves).
Pronombres personales
(funcin de sujeto)Ejemplo Traduccin ejemplo
I yo Play
I am ill.Yo estoy enfermo.
You t, ustedPlay
You are tall.T eres alto. / Usted es alto.
He lPlay
Heishandsome.l es guapo.
She ellaPlay
Sheispretty.Ella es guapa.
It ello (neutro)Play
It is cold today.Hoy hace fro.
We nosotros Play Nosotros estamos cansados.
http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-1.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-1.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-2.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-2.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-4.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-4.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-5.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-5.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-6.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-6.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-6.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-5.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-4.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-2.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-1.mp3 -
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We are tired.
You vosotros, ustedesPlay
You are angry.
Vosotros estis enfadados. Ustedes estn
enfadados.
They ellos, ellas
Play
They are at the
cinema.
Ellos estn en el cine.
Pronombres personales
(funcin de objeto)Ejemplo Traduccin ejemplo
Me mPlay
Can you help me?Puedes ayudarme?
You a t, a ustedPlay
I can help you.Puedo ayudarte. / Puedo ayudarle.
Him a lPlay
Can you see him?
Le puedes ver?
Her a ellaPlay
Give it to her.Dselo a ella.
It a elloPlay
Give it a kick.Dale una patada.
Us a nosotros Play
Can you see us?Nos puedes ver?
Youa vosotros, a
ustedes
Play
I seeyou.Os veo. / Les veo.
Them a ellos Play Les puede ayudar.
http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-7.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-7.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-8.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-8.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-9.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-9.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-10.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-10.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-11.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-11.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-12.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-12.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-13.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-13.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-14.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-14.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-15.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-15.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-16.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-16.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-16.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-15.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-14.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-13.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-12.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-11.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-10.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-9.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-8.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-pers-7.mp3 -
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He can help them.
NeuterForm (Forma neutra)
Los pronombres en ingls distinguen entre masculino (he), femenino (she) y neutro(it), tal y como se muestra en latabla de pronombres.
El pronombre personal "it" se utiliza cuando nos referimos a cosas, a animales queno sabemos su sexo o al tiempo (calendario y meteorolgico).
Ejemplos: Where is it [the book]? (Dnde est [el libro]?) What is its [the dog] name? (Cmo se llama [el perro]?) What time is it? (Quhoraes?) It is raining. (Estlloviendo.)
Nota: "It es una particula muy importante en ingls de la que los hablantes delengua espaola se suelen olvidar.
Function (Funcin)
Dentro de los pronombres personales, el ingls distingue entre pronombres enfuncin de sujeto y pronombres personales enfuncin de objeto.
1. El pronombre en funcin de sujeto.Este pronombre en ingls, a diferencia del espaol, debe figurar siempre:
o I am ill. (Estoyenfermo.)o Subject = I
2. El pronombre en funcin de objeto.Este pronombre se coloca detrs del verbo al que complementa o detrspreposiciones como "for", "to", "with" y "at".
o I can help you. (Puedoayudarte.)o Subject = I, Object = youo Can you see him? (Puedesverle?)o Subject = you, Object = himo He is going to the party withus. (Esta yendo a la fiesta con nosotros.)o Subject = he, Object = uso It is [the letter] foryou.(Es [la carta] para ti.)o Subject = it, Object = you
http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/pronom.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/pronom.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/pronom.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/pronom.php -
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TASK 1
Personal Pronouns.
1. El pronombre en funcin de sujeto.
Personal
Pronouns. EXAMPLEI I am ill. I am veryhapy
YouYou are tall. You are fast
HeHeishandsome He isgood
SheSheispretty Sheisbeautiful
ItItiscoldtoday It is a good school
WeWe are tired We are sorry
YouYou are angry. You are glad
TheyThey are at the Theu are goodpupils.
2. El pronombre en funcin de objeto.
EXAMPLE:
.Can you helpme? He gives them to me?
.Can you seehim? Do you sometimes help him?
.Giveit to her. He writesher?
.Giveit a kick. I makeit?
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.Can you seeus? He tellsus?
. I seeyou. Who explain it to you?
.He can helpthem. We are going to show it to them?
NeuterForm
Example
Where is it [the book] It is time to go?
What is its [the dog] name? Whatistoday?
Itisraining. Whwtis the cat?
What time isit? She tells it to him?
TASK 2
PossessivePronouns
Pronombres posesivos(en funcin de determinante delsujeto)
Ejemplo Traduccin ejemplo
My mi, mis Thisismyhouse. Esta es mi casa.
Your tu, tus (de t) / su, sus(de usted)Thisisyourbook. ste es tu libro. / ste es su libro.
His su, sus (de l) Thisishisbicycle. sta es su bicicleta.
Her su, sus (de ella) Thisisherdress. ste es su vestido.
Its su, susThisisits (thecat's)home.
sta es su casa. (la casa del gato)
Our nuestro/a nuestros/asThese areoursuitcases.
stas son nuestras maletas.
Your vuestro/a, vuestros/as, These are yourseats. stos son vuestros asientos. stos
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su,sus (de ustedes)
son sus asientos.
Their su, sus (de ellos) These are theirbooks. stos son sus libros.
Pronombres posesivos(en funcin de pronombre) Ejemplo Traduccin ejemplo
Mine mio/s, ma/s Thisbookismine Este libro es mio.
Yourstuyo/s, tuya/s, suyo/s,suya/s
Isthisbookyours?
Este libro es tuyo? / Este libroes suyo?
Hissuyo/s, suya/s(de el)
Thisbicycleishis. Esta bicicleta es de l.
Herssuyo/s, suya/s(de ella)
Thedressishers. El vestido es de ella.
Its su, susOurs nuestro/s, nuestra/s Thesuitcases are ours. Las maletas son nuestras.
Yoursvuestro/a, vuestros/as,suyo/s, suya/s
Theseseatsareyours.Estos asientos son vuestros. Estosasientos son suyos.
Theirssuyo/a, suyos/as (deellos)
Thisbookistheirs. Este libro es de ellos.
EXAMPLE
Thisismyhouse. ThisismycarThisisyourbook. Thisisyourruler.Thisishisbicycle. Thisishisbutherfly.Thisisherdress.- Thisishersweater-This is its (the cat's) home. This is its (the dog's) home.These are oursuitcases. These are ourmaps.These are yourseats. These are yourtables.
These are theirbooks These are theirtelephones.
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Pronombres posesivos
(en funcin de pronombre)
Thisbookismine Thisruleris mineThisbicycleishis. ThisisyourtableThe dressishers. ThiseraserishisThe suit cases are ours. Its shoes is are googThe seseatsaryours. The pencils are oursThisbookistheirs. This pen istheirs.
Function (Funcin)
En funcin de artculo determinativo del sujeto:
EXAMPLE
My car is blue
Hisbikeis red
Myhouseissmall
His Money isgreen.
Mycatissmall.
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Possessive vs. GenitivePronouns (Pronombresposesivos y el genitivo)
EXAMPLE
Washington is he capital of the United States
Quito is the capital of Ecuador.
Bogot is capital of Colombia
Lima is the capital of the per.
EXAMPLE
Question (pregunta):Where is your sister?
Whereisyourmother?
He is at cars my parents?Whosebooksthis?
Whosedogsthis?
Windows this?
Whose Windows this?
Whosepicturethis?
EXAMPLE
Her dress...
Andreas drees
Pablosmother
Rosassister
Pedrosschool
Luisasfather
Jorges car.
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DemonstrativePronouns (Pronombres
demostrativos)
Es importante comenzar sealando que los pronombres pueden estar en singular oplural y que pueden hacer referencia a la distancia:
This(Este/a/o) That(Ese/a/o, aqul, aquello/a) These(Estos/as) Those(Esos/as, aqullos/as)
Ejemplos: Singular and here (singular y aqu): I likethis car. (Me gusta este coche.) Plural and here (plural y aqu): I like these cars. (Me gustanestoscoches.) Singular and there (singular y all): I like that car. (Me gustaesecoche.) Plural and there (plural y all): I likethose cars. (Me gustan aquellos coches.)
Play
Los pronombres demostrativos pueden ir acompaados de un nombre como vemosen los ejemplos anteriores, o pueden ir solos como en los siguientes ejemplos:
This is a good book. (Este es un buen libro.) What is that? (Queseso?)
Play
Other Uses of DemonstrativePronouns (Otros usos delos demostrativos)
1. Podemos utilizarlos cuando nos presentamos a otra persona al otro lado de la lneatelefnica:
o Hello. This is Alicia. (Hola. Soy Alicia.)
Play
http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-1.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-1.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-2.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-2.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-2.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-1.mp3 -
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2. O cuando no estamos seguros de con quin estamos hablando al otro lado de lalnea o a alguien que no vemos por que estamos en un sitio oscuro o en otrahabitacin:
o Peter, is that you? (Erestu, Peter?)
Play
3. "This": Tambin lo podemos utilizar cuando presentamos a personas:o Lucy, this is my friend Jill. (Lucy, esta es mi amiga Jill.)
Play
4. "That": Tambin lo podemos utilizar para referirnos a algo del pasado:o That pizza wasdelicious. (Aquella pizza estaba riqusima.)
Play
Nota: Tanto puede ser una pizza que acabamos de comer como una pizza quecomimos en las vacaciones del ao pasado.
TASK 3
DemonstrativePronouns (Pronombres
demostrativos)
EXAMPLE
I like this car.
Plural andhere I likethese cars.
I likesthisdog
I likethesedogs.
He lkikethispencil
He likesthesepencils.
This is a good This is a good notebook.
http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-3.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-4.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-4.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-5.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-5.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-6.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-6.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-6.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-5.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/audio/pron-demos-4.mp3 -
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book. This is a good telephone.
Other Uses of DemonstrativePronouns (Otros usos delos demostrativos)
EXAMPLE
Hello. This is Alicia
That pizza wasdelicious
Lucy, this is myfriendJill.
Thatmanwascharming
Thisismysister
This orange wasenticing.
This is Carlos
Thishouseisbeautiful.
TASK 4
ReflexivePronouns (Pronombres
reflexivos)
Pronombres reflexivos(en funcin de pronombre)
Ejemplo Traduccin ejemplo
Myself yo mismo, a mi I sawitformyself. Yo mismo lo v.
Yourselft mismo (a ti),usted mismo (austed)
Don'tburnyourself!No te quemes! / No sequeme!
Himselfl mismo, a simismo
He hurthimself. Se hizo dao.
Herself
ella misma, a si
misma Shediditherself. Lo hizo ella misma.
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Itselfl mismo, asmismo
Thecatscratcheditself. El gato se rasc.
Ourselvesnosotrosmismos
Wemadeitourselves.Lo hemos hecho nosotrosmismos.
Yourselvesvosotrosmismos,ustedes mismos
Didyoupaintthehouseyourselves?Pintsteis la casa vosotrosmismos? / Pintaron lacasa ustedes mismos?
Themselves ellos mismos Theywerespeakingtothemselves.Ellos hablaban consigomismos.
.
I saw it for my self We made it our selves.Don'tburnyourself! Didyoupaintthehouseyourselves? He hurthimself. They were speaking ot hem selves.She did it her self. We painted the house our selves
Thecatscratcheditself. I diditmyself
EXAMPLES
MY SELFI said for my selfI read it form my selfI laid it for my self
Your selfDont beat your selfDont dug your selfDont hide your self.
HIM SELFHe hurt him selfHe undergo him selfHe win him self.
He withdraw him self.He put him self.
HER SELFShe bear it herself.She beat it her self.She give it her self.
She lean it her self.She tear it her self.
IT SELFThe cat scratched it self.The dog tore it selfThe chiken undergo it self.The bear beat it self.
OUR SELVESWe made i tour selves.We begin i tour selves.We beat i tour selves.We know i tour selves.
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YOUR SELVESDid you pain the house your selves.Did you sing the song your selves.Did you write the task your selves
Did you paint the book your selves.Did you listen the lesson your selves.
THEM SELVESThey were speaking to them selvesThey were listening to them selvesThey were looked to them selves
They were dreamt to them selvesThey were undergo to them selves
ReciprocalPronouns (Pronombres recprocos)
John and Peter speak to eachother everyday German and Mary lean to eachothereveryday
TASK 5
Ourselves nosotros mismos Wemadeitourselves.Lo hemos hecho nosotros
mismos.
Yourselvesvosotros mismos,
ustedes mismos
Didyoupaintthehouseyour
selves?
Pintsteis la casa vosotros
mismos? / Pintaron la casa
ustedes mismos?
Themselves ellos mismos Theywerespeakingtothemselves. Ellos hablaban consigo mismos.
PronounsTable
Pronombres personales
(funcin de sujeto)Ejemplo
Traduccin
ejemplo
I yo I am ill.Yo estoyenfermo.
You t, usted You are tall.T eres alto. /Usted es alto.
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He l He ishandsome. l es guapo.
She ella She ispretty. Ella es guapa.
It ello (neutro) It iscoldtoday. Hoy hace fro.
We nosotros We are tired.Nosotrosestamoscansados.
You vosotros, ustedes You are angry.
Vosotros estisenfadados.Ustedes estnenfadados.
They ellos, ellas They are at the cinema.Ellos estn en elcine.
Pronombres personales(funcin de objeto)
Ejemplo Traduccinejemplo
Me m Can you help me?Puedesayudarme?
You a t, a usted I can help you.Puedo ayudarte.
/ Puedoayudarse.
Him a l Can you see him? Le puedes ver?
Her a ella Giveit to her. Dselo a ella.
It a ello Give it a kick. Dale una patada.
Us a nosotros Can you see us?Nos puedesver?
Youa vosotros, austedes
I see you.Os veo. / Lesveo.
Them a ellos He can help them.Les puedeayudar.
Pronombres posesivos
(en funcin de determinante de sujeto)Ejemplo
Traduccin
ejemplo
My mi, mis Thisis my house. sta es mi casa.
Yourtu, tus (de t) /su, sus (de usted)
Thisis your book.ste es tu libro. /ste es su libro.
His su, sus (de l) Thisis his bicycle.sta es subicicleta.
Her su, sus (de ella) Thisis her dress.ste es suvestido.
Its su, sus This is its (the cat's) home.sta es su casa.(del gato)
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Ournuestro/anuestros/as
These are our suit cases.stas sonnuestrasmaletas.
Your
vuestro/a,vuestros/as, su,sus (de ustedes)
These are yourseats.
stos sonvuestrosasientos. stosson sus asientos.
Their su, sus (de ellos) These are theirbooks.stos son suslibros.
Pronombres posesivos
(en funcin de pronombre)Ejemplo
Traduccin
ejemplo
Mine mio/s, ma/s Thisbookis mine Este libro es mo.
Yours tuyo/s, tuya/s,suyo/s, suya/s Isthisbookyours?
Este libro es
tuyo? / Estelibro es suyo?
Hissuyo/s, suya/s(de el)
Thisbicycleis his.Esta bicicleta esde l.
Herssuyo/s, suya/s(de ella)
The dressis hers.El vestido es deella.
Its su, sus
Oursnuestro/s,nuestra/s
The suitcases areours.Las maletas sonnuestras.
Yoursvuestro/a,vuestros/as,suyo/s, suya/s
Theseseats areyours.Estos asientosson vuestros.Estos asientosson suyos.
Theirssuyo/a, suyos/as(de ellos)
Thisbookistheirs.Este libro es deellos.
Pronombres reflexivos
(en funcin de pronombre)Ejemplo
Traduccin
ejemplo
Myself yo mismo, a mi I sawitformyself. Yo mismo lo v.
Yourself t mismo (a ti),usted mismo (austed)
Don'tburnyourself! No te quemes! /No se queme!
Himselfl mismo, a simismo
He hurt himself. Se hizo dao.
Herselfella misma, a simisma
She did it her self.Lo hizo ellamisma.
Itselfl mismo, asmismo
The cat scratched it self. El gato se rasc.
Ourselves nosotros mismos We made it our selves.
Lo hemos hecho
nosotros
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mismos.
Yourselves
vosotros mismos,
ustedes mismos
Did you paint the
houseyourselves?
Pintsteis lacasa vosotros
mismos? /Pintaron la casaustedes mismos?
Themselves ellos mismosThey were speaking to themselves.
Ellos hablabanconsigo mismos.
EXAMPLES
I
I am speak spanish
I am a good student.
Iam study the lessson.
I am play the guitar.
YOU
You are beautiful
You are good
You are bad
You are listen to music.
HE
He is fat
He is careful.
He is administration.
He is afectionate.
He isagreeable.
SHE
She is clothier.
She is companion.
She is compatriot
She is competitor
Sheisconfident.
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IT
It is airy.
It is capacius.
It is carcass.
It is careles.
Itis caricature.
WE
We are convicts.
We are daintys.
We are decisives.
We are designer.
We are demandigs
YOU
You are chancellor.
You are children.
You are civilian.
You are clerk.
You are client
THEY
They are carefuls
They are carelees.
They are cookies.
They are dementeds.
They are devout.
EN FUNCIN DE DETERMINANTE DEL SUJETO
MY
This is my house.
This is my dog.
This is my cat.
YOUR
This is your book.
This is your ruler.
This is your sweater.
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This is my table.
This is my car.
This is your shoes.
This is your notebook.
HIS
This is his bicycle.
This is his dish.
This is his watch.
This is his box.
This is his potato.
HER
This is her dress
This is her leave.
This is her knife.
This is her mouse
Thisisherchild
ITS
This is the cats home
This is the park
This is the clasroom
This is the TV
This is the chalk
OUR
These are our suit cases
These are our tries
These are our daugther
These are our sister
These are our niece
YOUR
These are your seats
These are your curtain
These are your matress
These are your brush
These are yourletter
THEIR
These are their books
These are their picture
These are their mail
These are their sweet
These are theirorange.
PRONOMBRES POSESIVOS.
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MINE
This book is mine
This pencil is mine
This calculator is mine
this computer is mine
YOURS
Is this book yours?
Is this screen yours?
Is this atlas yours?
Isthisdictionary?
HIS
This bycicle is his
This videotape is his
This information desk is his.
Thismagazaneishis.
HERS
The dress is hers
The loudstapes is hers
The flag is hers
The boardeaser is hers.
ITS
Its house is for you?
Its Bookshelf is for you?
Its notebook paper is for you?
Its graph paper is for you?
Its slide projectos is for you?
OURS
The suit cases are ours.
The trubtack are ours.
The seat are ours.
The card catalog are ours.
The microfilm are ours.
YOURS
These seats are yours.
These bus are yours.
These office bulding are yours.
These lockes are yours.
These Gym are yours.
THEIRS
This book is theirs.
This looker roomis theirs.
This mailroom is theirs.
This copy machine is theirs.
Thiscabinetistheirs.
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PRONOMBRES INDEFINIDOS
Pronombre Explicacin Espaol Singular Plural
Playall
una cantidad entera(cosas/personas)
todo X X
Playanother
una persona/ cosaadems, diferente
otro X
Playany
da igual cuantosalgn,ningn,
cualquier
X X
Playanybody/anyone
cualquiera personaalguien,nadie,cualquiera
X
Playanything
cualquier cosaalgo, nada,cualquier
X
Playanywhere
cualquier lugarcualquierlugar
X
Playboth
dos personas o cosasambos/losdos
X
Playeach
cada uno, separadocada, cadauno
X
Playeither
una o otra entre dospersonas o cosas
cualquiera(de 2)
X
Playenough suficiente cantidad bastante X
Playevery
cada persona o cosa,todos
cada, todos X
Playeverybody/everyone
todas las personas todos X
Playeverything
todas las cosas todo X
http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_all.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_all.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_another.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_another.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_any.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_any.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anybodyany.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anybodyany.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anything.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anything.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anywhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anywhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_both.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_both.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_each.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_each.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_either.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_either.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_enough.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_enough.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_every.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_every.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everybodye.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everybodye.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everything.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everything.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everything.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everybodye.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_every.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_enough.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_either.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_each.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_both.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anywhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anything.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_anybodyany.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_any.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_another.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_all.mp3 -
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Playeverywhere
por todas partes todos partes X
Play
few
una cantidad
pequea (contable) pocos, unos X
Playfewer
una cantidadreducida
menos X
Playless
una cantidad mspequea
menos X
Playlittle
una cantidadpequea (incontable)
poco X
Playmany
una cantidad grande(contable)
muchos X
Playmore
una cantidad msgrande
ms X X
Playmost
la mayora, casitodos
la mayora X X
Play
much
una cantidad grande
(contable)
mucho X
Playneither
ni una o otra entredos personas o cosas
ninguno (de2)
X
Playnobody/no one
ninguna persona nadie X
Playnone
nada, ningunapersona o cosa
ningn,nada
X X
Playnothing
ninguna cosa nada X
Playnowhere
ningn lugar ningn lugar X
Playone
una persona noidentificada
un, uno X
Playother
otra persona o cosa otro X
http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everywhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everywhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_few.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_few.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_fewer.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_fewer.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_less.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_less.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_little.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_little.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_many.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_many.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_more.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_more.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_most.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_most.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_much.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_much.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_neither.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_neither.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nobodynoon.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nobodynoon.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_none.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_none.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nothing.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nothing.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nowhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nowhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_one.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_one.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_other.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_other.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_other.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_one.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nowhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nothing.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_none.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_nobodynoon.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_neither.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_much.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_most.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_more.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_many.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_little.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_less.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_fewer.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_few.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_everywhere.mp3 -
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Playothers
otras personas, nonosotros
otros X
Play
several
ms de dos pero no
muchas varios X
Playsome
una cantidad noespecificada
algn, algode
X X
Playsomebody/someone
una persona noespecificada
alguien X
Playsomething
una cosa noespecificada
algo X
Playsomewhere
un lugar noespecificado
algn lugar X
Playsuch
de un tipo yamencionado
tal, tan X X
Playthey
gente en general ellos X
Play
you
una persona no
especificada(informal) tuX
EXAMPLES
ALL
The pencil is all the table
The people isall the world
The children is all the school.
he peoples is a ll the
hospital
ANOTHER
Maria is anhoter people.
The information is anhoter.
This is anhoterschoool
Thisisanhoterbooks.
http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_others.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_others.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_several.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_several.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_some.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_some.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_somebodyso.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_somebodyso.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_something.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_something.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_somewhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_somewhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_such.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_such.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_they.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_they.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_you.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_you.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_you.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_they.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_such.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_somewhere.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_something.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_somebodyso.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_some.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_several.mp3http://www.curso-ingles.com/mp3_tts/level1/id58_others.mp3 -
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ANY
Any dogs and cats.
Any to look.
Any speak english.
ny Listening to music.
Any spoke spanish.
ANY BODY
There isnt any body home.
There isnt any body school.
There isnt any body bocks.
ANYTHING
Is anything good
Is anything bad
Is anything far from Ecuador.
Isanythingdear.
ANYWHERE
I choose any where.
I draw any where.
He eat any where.
Sheanywhereread.
BOTH
uan both Rosa.
The cat and the dog both beautiful.
The guitar and maracas both are
instruments musicals.
EACH
The pen and the pencil each 20cents
The orange and bananas each 30cent.
The shoes and sweater each 50 cents.
The ruler and book each 1.20 cents
EIGTHER
The house is cither the river and themountain.
The school is eithers the park and the
church.
ENOUGH
I have enough bananas.
She have enough potatoes.
He had enough task
Maria have enough fruits
Luis have enough shoes.
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EVERY
Every night in my house.
Every spring in the park
Every summer he sing.
Every autumm she is happy.
EVERY BODY
Everyone is here already
They have been waiting for you
Everyone walk in the park.
Everyone eat the fruts.
Everyone wash the clothes.
EVERY THING
Every thing naturals are beautiful.
Every thing are mine.
Every thing of the past
Everythingnormals.
EVERY WHERE
Every where exist the animals
Every where play childrens.
Every where fly the bee.
Every where he had sing.
Every where exist the poverty.
FEW
Twenty is few
The few orange.
One hundred is few
One few diner in the bank
Maria have few of cents.
FEWER
One fewer the diner
Rosa and fewer of saving
Twenty is fewer the two.
Pedro had fewer years.
Juan have fewer animals.
LESSRosa have less orange
He have less of potatoes
She had less of the 27pple.
LITTLEThe river havelitlewter.
In the world had little wter.
I have Little hair.
She had Little the books.
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MANY
Luis have many Money
He had many friends.
She had many sisters
Jorge had many dogs.
Theyhavemanyanimals.
MORE
I have more pencils
She have more dogs.
He have more tables.
One day have more minutes.
Juan have more money
MOST
The most of animals are mammal.
The most of children play in the house
and the school.
The most of mans have cars.
The most of women are beautiful.
MUCH
I have much Money.
He had muchs clients.
She have much cars.
Pedro had much hauses.
He have much animals.
NEITHER
Paty and Nicolas heiters are good.
Neither Im like.
Neither is bad.
Neitheristall.
NOBODY
Nobody wants to work today.
Nobody play in the school.
Nobody speak in the clasroom.
Nobody eat in the restaurant.,
NONE
None children have the task.
None father leave the children.
None car Im to pleace.
None instrument musical is bad.
NOTHING
Nothing father is bad.
Nothing children is ugly
Nothing friend is good.
Nothingtaskisdificult.
NOWHERE
Nowhere park is secure.
ONE
One car is red.
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Nowhere river is secare.
Nowhere city is beautiful.
Imnowere city have school.
One children have hunger.
One woman dancing.
One men play the guitar in the park.
OTHER
Other person dancing.
Other men is bad.
Other house is beautiful.
Other pencil Im have.
OTHERS
Others persons studies.
Others animals are bad.
Other friends playing.
Others childrens to fish.
SEVERAL
Several persons are in the church.
Several womens have car
Several childrens are students.
Severalfatherhavehouse.
SOME
Some cars is in the park.
Some animals is in the river.
Some people is in the bank.
Some friend a have computer.
SOMEBODY
Somebody left their their jacket.
Its so cold outside ,Im sure they will be
back for it soom.
Some body sing in the church.
SOMETHING
There is something on the floor
There is something on the nigth
There is something on the noon.
There is something on the tomorrow.
SOMEWEREImsomewere are butherfly.
Imsomewere have trees.
The rabit live in somewere.
The flower is in somewere.
SUCHSuch as person
Such as is the friend.
He such dancing.
She such play maracas.
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THEY
They people have flowers .
They speak english.
They drink the wter.
They cat some frutts.
They are beautifuls.
YOU
You friend is bad.
You friend is tall.
You mother is my friend.
Are you Reading your book.
Are you writing a letter.
1Q1 of 10:Where is David? _____ is at home.
His
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She
He
HimQ2 of 10:Can you help _____?
me
I
we
they
Q3 of 10:Where is the book? _____ is on the table.
He
It
She
--
Q4 of 10:_____ house is blue.
You
It
Yours
YourQ5 of 10:These seats are _____.
theirs
them
they
their
Q6 of 10:Whose bike is it? Itis __________.
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Sarah
she
Sarah'sof Sarah
Q7 of 10:I like _____ book.
this
those
these
--
Q8 of 10:_____ seats are ours.
That
This
--
ThoseQ9 of 10:Did you paint the house? Yes, we painted the house __________.
yourselves
ourselves
ourself
itself
Q10 of 10:Alice and Paul see __________ everyday.
themselves
themself
yourselves
each other
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2Q1 of 4:Can you see ...
us?
we?
our?
Q2 of 4:The dress is ...
her
of she
hers
Q3 of 4:Did you paint the house ...
you?
yourselves?
youselve?
Q4 of 4:Give it to ...
her
she
hers
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EXAMPLES
Were is Maria?She is at bus
Were is Pedro?He is in the school
Where is Pablo?He is in the house.
Where is Manuel? He is at home
Where is the pencil?It is in the table.
Where is the car?It is in the park.
Were is the eraser? Is on the table.
Were is the church? Is oposite the bank
You sweater is blue.
It is red car.
You house is black.
She have one dess pink.
It pen is the colour red.
These tables are theirs.
They have some Money.
These seats are theirs
They speak english and spanish.
Theystudy the lesson.
whose is this? Is of Maria
Whose bank is it? Is of Carla.
Whose bike is it? Is of Carolina.
Whose church is it? Is of Dayana
I like this table.
I like this artis.
I like this song.
I like this fruits.
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This shoes are ours.
This sweaters are ours.
This blouses are ours.
This fads are ours.
Did you paint the car? Yes ,we painted
car yourselves.
Did you hurt yourselves?when you see yourselves in the mirror
when you see yourselves in the mirror
did you hurtyourself?
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LESSON 2 THE ARTICLEThe Definite Article (El artculo determinado)
Los artculos definen a un nombre y siempre estn situados delante delnombre. En ingls, a diferencia del castellano, no tienen gnero niforma plural. En castellano decimos "el coche" (gnero masculino,singular) o "las casas" (gnero femenino, plural) y en ingls es "the car"y "the houses" (gnero neutro: it). "The" corresponde a los siguientesartculos en espaol: el, la, los, las.
Ejemplos:
MASCULINO/SINGULAR
The boy (el nio) The book (el libro)
MASCULINO/PLURAL
The boys (los nios) The books (los libros)
FEMENINO/SINGULAR
The girl (la nia) The table (la mesa)
FEMENINO/PLURAL
The girls (las nias) The tables (las mesas)
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Examples: The chair The door The seat The hawk The dog The cat The car The ruler The pencil
The book
Este artculo puede ir precedido de las preposiciones "of" o "to".En ingls no hay contraccin de preposicin y artcula ("Del" = "ofthe" y "al" = "to the").
Ejemplos:
The days of the week. (Los das de la semana) I am going to the garden. (Me voy al jardn.)
Examples:
The name of my country is Ecuador
I like the Catys car
I like the Anabanthas music
I like the Angie song
I tried to play the guitar
The monts of the year
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I leave to the school
The primary colors
I leave to the work
Uses Of The Definite Article (Usos delartculo determinado)
1. Cuando sabemos de quin o de qu estamos hablando.Utilizamos "the" para indicar algo o alguien en particular,por ello se llama definido. Hablamos de algo o alguien
concreto que tanto el emisor como el receptor del mensajeconocen porque ya ha salido anteriormente en laconversacin o porque los dos lo conocen previamente.
Ejemplos:
What is the name of the restaurant? (Cul es elnombre del restaurante?)
Do you remember the day we went to New
York? (Recuerdas el da que fuimos a NuevaYork?)
Who is the president of the United States?(Quin es el presidente de los EstadosUnidos?)
The doctor is very good. (El mdico es muybueno.)
Examples
What is the name of the city. (Cual es el nombre de la ciudad)
Do you remember the day we went to ITALIA? (Recuerdas el da quefuimos a ITALIA?)
Who is the president of the ECUADOR? (Quin es el presidente de losECUADOR?)
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The architet is very good. (El arquitecto es muy bueno.)
2. Con los nombres de regiones geolgicas, cadenas demontaas, mares, ocanos, grupos de islas, ros ypases en plural.
Ejemplos: The United States (Los Estados Unidos)
The Netherlands (Los Pases Bajos)
The Andes (Las montaas Andes)
The Atlantic Ocean (El ocano Atlntico)
The Canary Islands (Las islas Canarias)
The Nile River (El ro Nilo)
The costal regin
The rocky mountains
The white city
The islands tortoises
The Sierra regin
The Oriental regin
The haway islands
The ecuatorial regin
The Ocean Pacific
The Guayas River
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3. Para hacer referencia a direcciones (right, left, top,bottom) y a los puntos cardinales (north, south, east,west).
Ejemplos: the south of France (el sur de Francia) the house on the left (la casa de la izquierda) the top of the page (arriba de la pgina/la parte
superior de la pgina
Examples:
The north of Ecuador
Under the house
In the center of the earth
To the colombia south
The church of the right
The park of the center
The north of America (EL NORTE DE AMERICA)
The park of to the front (EL PARQUE DE AL FRENTE)
The later part of the leaf (PARTE POSTERIOR DE LA HOJA)
The southeast of frica (EL SURESTE DE AFRICA)
The house of up (LA CASA DE ARRIBA)
4. Con los adjetivos en grado superlativo y nmerosordinales:
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Ejemplos:
the tallest building (el edificio ms alto) the strongest man (el hombre ms fuerte) the first time (la primera vez) the second floor (la segunda planta)
Examples: The house but highLA CASA MAS ALTA
The boy but small EL NIO MAS PEQUEO
The tenth time LA DECIMA VEZThe first plant LA PRIMERA PLANTA
The dog but fat EL PERRO MAS GORDO
The airplane but quick EL AVION MAS RAPIDO
The second time LA SEGUNDA VEZ
The hole but deep EL HUECO MASPROFUNDO
The river but I release EL RIO MAS LARGO
The third plant LA TERCERA PLANTA
The fifth time LA QUINTA VEZ
The smallest man
The shortes pants
The third place
The littlest mouse
The fourth King
The river but big
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The country but small
The man but strong
The city but it cleans
The first part
When Not To Use The Definite Article (Cuando no usamos elartculo determinado)
1. Cuando hablamos de algo en general.
Ejemplos: I like ice cream. (Me gusta el helado.) Math is difficult. (Las matemticas son difciles.)
Examples:
I like natural science
I hate math
I like cold places
America is big
Rusia is the biggest continent.
The life is beautiful LA VIDA ES HERMOSA
The school is pretty EL COLEGIO ES LINDOIt is rich the chocolate EL CHOCOLATE ES RICO
The rosy one is a pretty color EL ROSADO ES UN COLORLINDO
My dog is brave I like the music
The reading is good
I like to swim
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The literature is difficult
I like the poetry
2. Nunca utilizaremos "the" cuando nos referimos a latelevision, o cuando nos referimos a las horas de lascomidas, los das de la semana, los meses del ao, lasestaciones, los aos o la hora.
Ejemplos:
I do not like to watch television [TV]. (No me
gusta verla
televisin [tele].) I have an appointment on Monday. (Tengo unacita el lunes.)
We eat breakfast at 9:00. (Comemos eldesayuno [Desayunamos] a las 9:00.)
Examples:
I don like to watch american idol
I eat my lunch at 14:00
I like arrive at clases at 7:30
I hate Monday days
I came at home at wednwsday.
I don't like the soccer
We converse in recess
We eat lunch at 12h o'clock
I don't like to dance
3. Con instituciones y modos de transportacin cuandoestamos hablando en general.
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Ejemplos:
We like school. (Nos gusta la escuela.) I go to work by train. (Voy a trabajo en tren.) They go to church on Sundays. (Van a la iglesia
los domingos.)
My Examples: We like school. (Nos gusta la escuela.)
I go to work by train. (Voy a trabajo en tren.)
We like the song
I go to the school in bus
They to the park on Saturday
I go of walk in bicycle
We like to laugh
We like to travel
They to the zoological one on Fridays
I will swim on foot
They to the school in taxi
4. No se utiliza el artculo con nombres de ciudades ninombres de lugares en general, aunque hay algunasexcepciones como hemos visto en el apartado anterior.Adems, no se utiliza el artculo con lagos o calles.
Ejemplos:
I went to Lake Titicaca. (Fui al lago Titicaca.)
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She lives on Flores Street. (Vive en la calleFlores.)
My Examples:I went to United states last month
I like to travell to London
I like to know Canada
I see an accident in San Gabriel.
I live in san Gabriel
I went to the city of I Remove
The Andes lives in the street
I went to the river guayas
I went to the new restaurant
The Indefinite Article (El artculoindeterminado)
El significado de "a" o "an" es el mismo y se utilizan para indicaralgo o alguien en singular. Nunca lo utilizaremos para referirnos ams de una cosa.
"A" o "an", corresponde a los siguientes artculos en espaol: un,
una.
Grammatical Rules (Reglas Gramaticales)
1. "A" se utiliza con nombres que comienzan porconsonante.
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Ejemplos:
a book (un libro) a pen (un bolgrafo) a chair (una silla) a girl (una chica)
Examples:
A tree
A door
A toothpaste
A windou
A shirt
A car
A bull
A pencil
A cow
A bicycle
2. "An" se usa con nombres que comienzan por vocal.
Ejemplos: an animal (un animal) an ice cream (un helado) an example (un ejemplo) an orange (una naranja) an umbrella (un paraguas)
Examples:
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An Apple
An ancient
An opera song
An dayAn angel
An pear
An oil bowl
An houseAn montain
An table
Excepciones:
Usamos "a" antes de las palabras que comienzan por laletras "u" o "eu" cuando estas son pronunciadas como el
sonido figurado "yu".
Ejemplos:
a university (una universidad) a euro (un euro)
Examples:
A universo
A dollar
A school
A orange
A house
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A market
A church
A river
A cent
A statue
"An" se usa con palabras que comienzan con una "h", peroslo cuando esta no se pronuncia.
Ejemplos: an hour (una hora) a hospital (un hospital)
Examples:
a leaf
a thread
a home
an egg
a hole
a bone
a print
a tool
a horseshoe
a hyena
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Uses Of The Indefinite Article (Usos del artculoindeterminado)
1. Se utiliza para hablar de algo en general.
Ejemplos:
He has a computer. (El tiene un ordenador.) We work in a school. (Trabajamos en una
escuela.) I want an orange. (Quiero una naranja.
My Examples:
I want a book
I want a cake
I want an orange
We work in a project
We study in a school
We work in a theater
He has a computer
He has a store
He has a business
I want a scholarship
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2. Tambin puedes usarlo en vez de "1".
Ejemplos:
I want an apple and two oranges. (Quiero unamanzana y dos naranjas.) There are a hundred students in the school.
(Hay cien estudiantes en la escuela.)
Examples:
There are five schools in the city
There are two stores in the neighborhood
I have five rocks
You have two doves
There are three giraffes
I want a chocolate
I have a doll
There are two hundred cars
I want twenty books
I have three hundred colors
You have two pairs of shoes
There are three beds in my house
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3. Se usa para referirnos a una cosa por primera vez. Laprxima vez que nos referimos a esta cosa, utilizaremos elartculo determinado.
Ejemplo:
I live in an apartment. The apartment is big.(Vivo en un piso. El piso es amplio.)
Examples:
study in a school. The School is big
I live in a city. The city is clean
I work in a company. The company is pleasant
I live with my parents. My parents are good
I play in the park. The park is small
I live with my friend. My friend is kind
I work in the hospital. The hospital is sad
I travel in the bus. The bus is slow
Slip the museum. The museum is beautiful
I study in the school. The school is particular
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4. Se usa para hablar del oficio de alguien o de afiliacinpoltica.
Ejemplos:
Maria is a doctor. (Mara es mdico.) Juan is an architect. (Juan es arquitecto.) I am a democrat. (Soy demcrata.)
Examples:
Pedro is veterinary
Your you are honest
He is respectful
Mara is a chauffeur
Norma is Baker
Lola is a nurse.
I am a student
I am revolutionary
Mauricio is painting
Sofia is a teacher
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Prepositions (Las preposiciones)Las preposiciones son una de las partes de la lengua inglesa que mscuesta aprender a los hablantes de lengua espaola. Por ello esrecomendable memorizar las diferentes variaciones y usos dependiendo desi hablamos de preposiciones de lugar, movimiento o tiempo. Veremos quemuchas de las preposiciones se repiten en los diferentes apartados. Por ellose recomienda hacer ejercicios prcticos que sean variados y que nosayuden a ver la diferencia entre ellos.En otros casos veremos que habr expresiones que simplemente tendremosque memorizar. Es altamente recomendable que el alumno lea diferentestextos de diferentes fuentes para facilitar el aprendizaje.
Son unas de las preposiciones ms comunes que se pueden usar paraindicar lugar o tiempo: in,at and on.
INSignificado: en, dentro, dentro deUso (lugar): Se usa para indicar tanto espacios cerrados como espaciosabiertos. Lo utilizamos para indicar que algo est dentro de una cosa, en unlugar cerrado, o en el interior de algo fsicamente. Sin embargo, como vemosen los ejemplos tambin se utiliza para indicar que se est en un lugargeogrfico.
Ejemplos:
I liveinBrighton. (Vivo en Brighton.) The cat isinthe box. (El gato est dentro la caja.) I found your addressinthe phone book. (He encontrado tu direccin en la
gua telefnica.) My parents arriveinFrance on Monday. (Mis padres llegan a Francia el
lunes.)
EJEMPLOS:
She is in the table.I live in San Gabriel.The dog is in the house.She live in Mexico.The pencil is in the table.The board is in the school.The eraser is in the table.Carlos live in Bogot.Juan live in Macas.
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Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos con meses, aos, pocas, partes del da, yperodos de tiempo (duracin).
Ejemplos:
We went to MexicoinMay. (Fuimos a Mjico en mayo.) I always runinthe mornings. (Siempre corro por las maanas.) I will see himina week. (Le ver en una semana.) She was bornin1976. (Naci en 1976.)
EXAMPLES.We went to Canada in September.You went to Esmeraldas in December.He went to Ibarra in May.
She went to Tulcn.Carlos was born in 1827.I always arrive the afternoon.I will see you in one month.Juan died in 1966.Carlos lives in medellin.He died in September of 1991.
ATSignificado: en, a, al, cerca de, tocandoUso (lugar): Se usa delante de edificios como casas, aeropuertos,universidades (para indicar que estamos dentro), antes de "top" (partesuperior), "bottom" (parte inferior), "the end of" (al final de), para indicaracontecimientos como reuniones, fiestas, conciertos, deportes, etc..., detrsde "arrive" (llegar) cuando nos referimos a lugares que no sean ciudades opases.
Ejemplos:
He isathome. (l est en casa.) I always visit my sisteratwork. (Siempre visito a mi hermana en el trabajo.) We eatatthe table. (Comemos en la mesa.) I will see himatthe theatre. (Le ver en el teatro.) Her name isatthe bottom of the page. (Su nombre est en la parte inferior
de la pgina.) When did you arriveatthe airport?(Cundo llegaste al aeropuerto?)
PlayUso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos delante de la hora y de fiestas.
Ejemplos:
He runs every morningat6. (l corre cada maana a las 6.) I will see thematChristmas. (Les ver en Navidad.)
Mara eats in the morning at 5 o'clock
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Salome walks in the afternoon at 6:30 o'clock.We eat in the house.They walk in the park.He is in the church.
Pedro this in the park.Rosa works in the market.We study in the afternoonWe read in the night.
ONSignificado: sobre, encima de algo, tocandoUso (lugar): Se coloca delante de nombres de lugares con base comomesas, suelos, etc, cuando nos referimos a lugares de una habitacin
como techo o pared y para indicar que alguien est dentro de un transportepblico o en una planta de un edificio. Ejemplos:
The pen isonthe table. (El bolgrafo est sobre la mesa.) They have a photograph of Parisonthe wall. (Tienen una foto de Pars en la
pared.) I amonthe bus. (Estoy en el autobs.) Her apartment isonthe second floor. (Su piso est en la segunda planta.)
EXAMPLES.The pizarrn is in the wall.And l clock is in the wall.Tita this in the bus.Juan is in the moto.My house this in the second floor.Carlos lives in the third floor.The draft is in the tableThe handbag is in the seatThe computer is in the table.
Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos con das de la semana, fechas y fiestas. Ejemplos:
We went to Mexicoonthe first of May. (Fuimos a Mjico a primeros demayo.)
He runsonMondays and Fridays. (l corre los lunes y los viernes.) I will see Luisonhis birthday. (Ver a Luis en su cumpleaos.)
Examples:Carlos went to machala in December.Lisa went to Spain in September.
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He walks on Thursdays and on Saturdays.She studies on Sundays in the afternoon.I will see Martha in their marriage.I will see to luis in their party.
Pedro eats in the restaurant on Mondays and on Saturdays.Juan attended the church on Tuesdays and on Fridays.He writes a book on Thursdays and on Sundays.io
Las preposiciones de lugar se colocan detrs del verbo principal, quesuele ser el verbo "to be" (estar, ser) en cualquiera de los tiempos pasados,presentes o futuros y en sus formas tanto simples como compuestas.
NEXT TO (BESIDE)
Significado: al lado de, junto aUso: Tanto "next to" como "beside" se pueden utilizar indistintamente.Utilizar una forma u otra depender del hablante y del contexto.
Ejemplos:
The supermarket isnext to (beside)the bank. (El supermercado est juntoal banco.)
Sitnext to (beside)me. (Sintate a mi lado.)EXAMPLES:The church this next to the park.The office this next to Mara's house.The market this next to the butcher shop.My house this next to the church.The park this next to the office.The bank this next to Juan's house.Police's station this next to the Pan-American one.The radio this next to the central market.The market of clothes this next to the theater.
BYSignificado: cerca, al lado de, junto aUso: Se puede utilizar en los mismos contextos que "next to" pero elsignificado de "by" es ms como "cerca" en castellano.
Ejemplos:
I sitbythe window. (Me siento a lado de la ventana.) Our house isbythe river. (Nuestra casa est cerca del rio.)
EXAMPLES:The church is next to the bank.The restaurant is next to the police station.The bank is next to the church.
My house is next to the river.
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Rosas house is nexto the marketShe live nexto the parkHe dancing next to the bar.They listen to music nexto the bank.
BETWEENSignificado: entre
Ejemplos:
The shop isbetweenthe bank and the train station. (La tienda est entre elbanco y la estacin de tren.)
She is standingbetweenPeter and John. (Permanece de pie entre Pedro yJuan.)
Examples:
The table this between the bed and the closet.The cook this between the table and the refrigerator.The computer this between the closet and the table.I am stopped between carlos and juan.The seat this between the refrigerator and the ccosina.The broom this between the dog and the cat.The supermarket this between the park and the church.The restaurant this between the park and the church.Carlos this between Mara and Rosa.
BEHINDSignificado: detrs de
Ejemplos:
The church isbehindthe school. (La iglesia est detrs de la escuela.) He is standingbehindyou. (Est de pie detrs de ti.)
Play
IN FRONT OF vs. OPPOSITESignificado: contrario, en frente de, opuesto, delante deUsos: La diferencia entre ellos es cuando estamos hablando de personas,"in front of" no implica estar delante y cara a cara, en cambio "opposite"significa delante y cara a cara.
Ejemplos:
The hotel isin front ofthe station. (El hotel est en frente de la estacin.) The bank isoppositethe market. (El banco est delante del mercado.) He is standingin front ofyou. (Est de pie delante de ti.) She is sittingoppositeme. (Est sentando en frente mo.)
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Play
UNDERSignificado: debajo de
Ejemplos:
The ball isunderthe chair. (La pelota est debajo la silla.) The dog isunderthe tree. (El perro est debajo del rbol.)Examples:
The cat is under the table.The dog is under the tree.The pencil is under the chair.The be is under the flower.The fly flew under the tree
ABOVESignificado: por encima sin tocar
Ejemplo:
The clock isabovethe table. (El reloj est por encima de la mesa.)Nota: La traduccin literal puede llevar a confusin cuando la traducimos alcastellano, ya que en castellano diramos: "el reloj est colgado en la pared."Si quisiramos especificar diramos: "y por debajo en la misma pared estapoyada la mesa."Play
BELOW
Significado: por debajo sin tocar
Ejemplo:
The table isbelowthe clock. (La mesa est por debajo del reloj.)Nota: Como en el caso anterior, la traduccin literal de "below" puede llevara confusin. En este caso diramos que la mesa est apoyada en la mismapared en la que se encuentra el reloj colgado un poco ms arriba.
EXAMPLES:
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The door is below the window.The car is below the river.The telephone is below the table.
The clock is below the door.The pencil is below the table.The eraser is below the door.The ruler is below the window.me (Preposiones de tiempo)
BEFORESignificado: antes, antes deUso: Se coloca detrs de verbos y nombres o sustantivos.
Ejemplos:
Ring [call] mebeforeone. (Llmame antes de la una.) They arrivedbeforeme. (Llegaron antes que yo.)
They arrived before time
They played before twelve o'clockYou call me before the breakfastLend me before recessWe see each other before seven o'clock
AFTERSignificado: despus, despus de, trasUso: Se coloca tras verbos y nombres o sustantivos.
Ejemplos:
We will see youafterthe movie. (Te veremos despus de la pelcula.) I arrivedafterthem. (Llegue despus de ellos.)
I will see you after the partyYou arrived after CristinaWe will see each other after massYou will go after her
We will see each other after the dinner
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DURINGSignificado: duranteUso: Puede ir seguido de verbos y nombres o sustantivos.
Ejemplos:
Dont talkduringthe movie. (No hables durante la pelcula.) I dont like to watch televisionduringthe day. (No me gusta ver la televisin
durante el da.)
Don't speak during the food
Don't eat during the mass
Don't laugh during the meeting
I don't like to leave during the night
Don't bother during the class
FORSignificado: duranteUso: Se coloca detrs de verbos y nombres o sustantivos. Aunque signifiquelo mismo que "during" no tienen exactamente el mismo matiz. Este se utilizapara expresar un perodo de tiempo ya sean das, horas, meses o aos.
Ejemplos:
I lived in Englandforthree years. (Viv en Inglaterra durante tres aos.) He studied for the examforone week. (Estudi para el examen durante una
semana.)
I took a bath during one hourConverse for telephone during five minutesTravel during five hoursI played the soccer game during twenty minutesI slept during eight hours
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WHILESignificado: mientrasUso: Se coloca tras verbos y nombres o sustantivos.
Ejemplos: I will workwhileI can. (Trabajar mientras pueda.) He calledwhilewe were out. (Llam mientras estbamos fuera.)
As while he/she waits
He/she sings while he/she takes a bath
He/she paints while it relaxes himselfHe/she converses while he/she waits
I will sleep while he/she can
TOSignificado: hacia, direccin a (siempre indica movimiento)Uso: Se coloca detrs de los verbos de movimiento como ir, venir, volver,caminar, volar, etcEjemplos:
Ejemplos:
They cametothe wedding. (Vinieron a la boda.) Sofia flewtoCanada. (Sofia vol a Canad.)
The wine to the party.
She studies in the school of Ibarra.
Carlos flew to mexico.
Juan in route to the house
Pedro travels to the Chinese.
Lisandro in route to the corner.
The wine to the wedding.
She came to the house.
They traveled to Juan's house.
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Prepositions (Preposiciones)
Leccin gramtica: PrepositionsCompleta las siguientes cuestiones y haz clic en el botn -Corregir Ejercicio-
para obtener la correccin de este ejercicio.
Q1 of 20: There are many tourists ___ New York.
in
at
to
Q2 of 20: I met him ____ the South of Spain.
on
at
in
Q3 of 20: My flat [apartment] is ___ the first floor.
onat
in
Q4 of 20: The meeting is ___ 3:30.
on
at
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in
Q5 of 20: I'm going to Mexico City ___ this weekend.
at
on
-
Q6 of 20: We often go to the beach ___ the summer.
inat
on
Q7 of 20: My birthday is ___ the 10th of June.
at
on
in
Q8 of 20: His birthday is ___ May.
-
on
in
Q9 of 20: Every year I go home ___ Christmas.
at
on
in
Q10 of 20: Peter and Susan always go to church ___Christmas day.
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on
at
in
Q11 of 20: We are getting married __ the spring.
at
in
onQ12 of 20: John lives near ___ Barcelona.
in
at
-
Q13 of 20: What time do you eat ___ the afternoon?
on
at
in
Q14 of 20: He goes ___ discotechs every night.
to
-
in
Q15 of 20: Where is Alex? He is ___ his apartment.
at
in
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on
Q16 of 20: Sally is talking ___ Michael.
to
at
-
Q17 of 20: Where are you flying ___?
atto
on
Q18 of 20: We are meeting ___ the restaurant.
to
on
at
Q19 of 20: When do your parents arrive ___ Spain?
in
to
at
Q20 of 20: She will arrive ___ ten minutes.
on
in
at
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Nouns (Los nombres)Los nombres se usan para referirse a personas, animales, cosas y objetos, eventos,lugares o ideas abstractas. Como hemos visto en la leccin sobre los artculos, losnombres no tienen gnero.
Ejemplos: teacher (profesor) dog (perro) ball (pelota) table (mesa) party (fiesta) house (casa) happiness (felicidad)
EXAMPLES:Car
Pencil
Board
Table.
Fly
Bee
Plural Nouns (Los nombres plurales)
A la mayora de nombres se les agrega una "-s" al final para formar el plural.
Ejemplos: camera / cameras (cmara/s) pen / pens (bolgrafo/s) house / houses (casa/s) car / cars (coche/s)
EXAMPLES.
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Cars
Dogs
Teachers
Architects
Doctors
Kookies.
books
toys
choices
Excepciones:1. Palabras que terminan en consonante + "y": la "y" cambia a "i" y aadimos
"es"o Ejemplos:o party / parties (fiesta/s)o city / cities (cuidad/es)
EXAMPLES:
city cities (ciudad)
Party Parties Fiesta Fiestas
Puppy Puppies
Cachorro Cachorros
Library Libraries Biblioteca Bibliotecas
Country Countries Pas Pases
Baby Babies Beb Bebs
Sky Skies Cielo Cielos
Lady Ladies Seora Seoras
Fly Flies Mosca
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Moscas Company.
Palabras que terminan en vocal + "y": aadimos una "s".
o Ejemplos:
o boy / boys (chico/s)o toy / toys (juguete/s)
EXAMPLES:ENJOYSPLAYSBUYSFRYSMARRYSCOPYSCRYSDRYSEMPLOYS
FLYSPAYSSAYSSTAYS
2. Palabras que terminan en "s", "ss", "sh", "ch", "x", "o": aadimos "es"o Ejemplos:o bus / buses (bus/es)o glass / glasses (copa/s)o brush / brushes (cepillo/s)o watch / watches (reloj/es)o box / boxes (caja/s)o tomato / tomatoes (tomate/s)
EXAMPLES:Lunch lunches
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bus busesbrush brusheswatch watchesbox boxes
tomato
tomatoes
party - partiescity cities.
3. Palabras que terminan en "f" o "fe": cambiamos la "f" o "fe" por "ves"o Ejemplos:o leaf / leaves (hoja/s)o wife / wives (esposa/s)
EXAMPLES:Wolf Wolves Lobo Lobos
Life Lives Vida Vidas
Thief Thieves Ladrn Ladrones
Knife Knives Cuchillo Cuchillos
Shelf Shelves Estante Estantes
Half Halves Mitad Mitades
Leaf Leaves Hoja Hojas
Wife Wives Esposa Esposas
Dwarf Dwarves Enano Enanos
Irregular Plural Nouns (Plurales irregulares)
Muchos sustantivos se pluralizan de un modo irregular. Existen dos casos:
1. Cuando el singular y plural no cambian.
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o Ejemplos:o Singularo fish (pez o pescado)o sheep (oveja)o Pluralo fish (peces o pescados)o fisheso sheep (ovejas)o sheeps
EXAMPLES:
sheep cordero(s)
deer venado(s)
moose alce(s)
fish pez(c-es)
trout trucha(s)
salmon salmn(es)
bass lobina (s)
series serie(s)
means medios
species especie(s)
Chinese chino(s)
Japanese japons(es)
Swiss suizo(s)
2. Cuando el plural vara de modo irregular. Por lo tanto, no existe regla lacual se pueda seguir y hay que aprenderse las formas irregulares de cada uno.
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Singular Significado Plural Significado
man Hombre men hombres
woman Mujer women mujeres
child Nio children niosperson Persona people personas/gente
tooth Diente teeth dientes
foot Pie feet pies
mouse Ratn mice ratones