ENERGY SOURCES: FOSSIL FUELSIntegrated Science C

Mrs. Brostrom

OBJECTIVES:

Explain how internal energy of the Earth causes matter to cycle through the magma and the solid earth.

Describe the availability, current uses and environmental issues related to the use of fossil to produce electricity.

ENERGY RESOURCES Natural resources provide energy and raw

materials for homes, commercial uses, and agriculture

Almost all energy on Earth originates from the sun Photosynthesis allows plants to convert the sun’s

energy into chemical energy (glucose) Animals use cellular respiration to convert glucose

back to CO2, H20, and energy

FOSSIL FUELS

Fossil fuel is a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived long ago.

A nonrenewable resource is used faster than natural processes can create them.

Ex.) Oil, natural gas, coal Form deep underground Associated with sedimentary rocks Energy is released from fossil fuels when they

are combusted (burned) Made up of hydrocarbons

FOSSIL FUEL FORMATION

1. Microscopic ocean organisms die and are buried under layers of sedimentary rock where there is little oxygen

2. Heat from the Earth and pressure from the rock above causes a series of chemical reactions to take place

3. The reaction turns the organic compounds into H and C over millions of years

PETROLEUM

Petroleum is a liquid mixture of complex hydrocarbon compounds. Commonly known as

crude oil Separated into

different products through refining Gasoline, jet fuel,

kerosene, diesel fuel, oilMore than 40% of the world’s energy comes from petroleum

38.5% of world energy generation

Formed from microscopic marine organisms

NATURAL GAS

Natural gas is a gaseous mixture of hydrocarbons.

23.6% of world energy generation Formed from microscopic marine organisms Used for heating and generating electricity

Coal fired power plant in Bridgeport, CT was just Converted to natural gas

Causes less air pollution that oil does Very flammable

COAL

Coal is a fossil fuel that formed underground from partially decomposed plant material.

Was once the major source for energy in the US.

23.9% of world energy generation Burning coal produces large amounts of air

pollution

COAL FORMATION Coal forms underground from

decayed swamp plants over millions of years.

1. Bacteria and fungi change swamp plants into peat (60% carbon).

2. Sediment buries the peat, which increases temperature and pressure; changes into lignite (70% carbon).

3. As lignite becomes further buried, T and P continue to increase; becomes bituminous coal (80% carbon).

4. As bituminous coal becomes more buried, T and P continue to increase; anthracite forms (90% carbon).

WHERE ARE FOSSIL FUELS FOUND? Middle East has 33% of the

world’s natural gas and 67% of the world’s petroleum supply

Asia, North America, Africa, and Europe have between 4-8% of the world’s petroleum supply

Latin America which contains about 13% of the world’s petroleum supply

Texas is the top petroleum producing state in the U.S.

Natural gas is found in 32 out of the 50 U.S. states

HOW DO WE OBTAIN FOSSIL FUELS?

Drill oil wells on land and in the ocean

Drill natural gas wells on land Hydraulic fracturing

Mine coal Strip mining is when

soil and rock are removed so the coal can be extracted

Mountaintop removal

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

PROBLEMS WITH FOSSIL FUELS

Methods of obtaining fossil fuels can have negative effects on the environment Habitat destruction Oil spills Pollute groundwater Lower water table Accidents endanger

human lives

Burning of fossil fuels releases: Increase of

greenhouse gases; CO2

Acid rain; SO2 and NOx

Air pollution; Photochemical smog is a haze that forms when sunlight acts on industrial pollutants and NOx (car exhaust)

FOSSIL FUELES

Vocabulary: Photosynthesis Chemical respiration Fossil fuel Nonrenewable

resource Petroleum Natural gas Coal Photochemical smog

Big Ideas: Formation of fossil

fuels Current use of fuels