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Italy is a country in Western Europe.

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Italy is a boot-shaped peninsula in Western Europe.

Italy extends into the Mediterranean Sea.

The seas and the Alps mountains in the north protected Italy from most invaders.

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Rome was a city-state located on a fertile plain in the middle of Italy.

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The Latins were a group of people who lived in central Italy.

The Etruscans conquered Rome and the plain of Latium.

The Etruscans learned many ideas from the Greeks.

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The Etruscans conquered Rome andthe plain of Latium.

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The early Roman city-state had two social classes: patricians (wealthy landowning families) and plebeians (working people).

Eventually, the Romans overthrew the king and made Rome into a republic.

A republic is a form of government where citizens have political power.

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A republic is a type of government inwhich a few people represent many

people. Rome was a republic and theUnited States is a republic.

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Only patricianswere allowed tovote. They werefrom the oldest

and richest familiesin Rome. They

made up only 10%of Rome’s population.

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The Plebeians were citizen-soldiers.Patricians needed them

to defend Rome.

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In 494 B.C., plebeians gained the right to elect two tribunes.

The tribunes could veto any law they did not like. The senate could only pass laws to which the tribunes said yes.

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The Roman Senate was a governingbody.

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•The Romans also developedthe Twelve Tables of Romanlaw.

•The Twelve Tables included concepts like innocent until proven guilty and equality under the law.