e-MERLIN Development 2018-2023 - Jodrell Bank · PDF filee-MERLIN Development 2018-2023 ......

e-MERLINDevelopment2018-2023

SimonGarringtonJBO,e-MERLIN/VLBINationalFacility

UniversityofManchester

Motivation Scientificpotential

Productivitylimitedbyprocessing– Harder(RFI,calibration,wide-band,wide-field…)

– Datavolumex100KeyscienceissensitivitylimitedàOptimisefrequencybands

àMaximisesurveyspeed

àMaximisebandwidth

àOptimiseimagequality

Thesearetheissuestobeaddressedto

bringe-MERLINtrulyintotheSKA-eraJ123711+621331 e-Merge 1.5GHz

Motivation Scientificpotential

Productivitylimitedbyprocessing– Harder(RFI,calibration,wide-band,wide-field…)

– Datavolumex100KeyscienceissensitivitylimitedàOptimisefrequencybands

àMaximisesurveyspeed

àMaximisebandwidth

àOptimiseimagequality

Thesearetheissuestobeaddressedto

bringe-MERLINtrulyintotheSKA-eraJ123711+621331 e-Merge 1.5GHz

WP2:Software

WP3:2-4GHz

WP4:8-16GHz

WP5:PAF

WP6:Bandwidth

WP7:Defford

e-MERLINUpgrades

Throughput

FrequencyCoverage

Sensitivity

SurveySpeed

Imagingquality

PSRBeamforming

SKA-basedsoftwarepipelines

NewReceiverBands2-4&8-16GHz

Newdigitalchain:2x4,2x8GHzb/w

Flexiblecorrelator/beamformer

PAFonLovell

NewtelescopeatDefford

✔SKA-levelperformance

✔Fullcoverage1-24GHz

✔maxavailableb/w

✔4xsurveyspeed

✔maxareaforpulsars

✔alltelsatallbands

Transformation

MTRLI–1980134km,10MHz0.4,1.5GHz£33m

MERLIN–1991217km,2x15MHz0.15,1.5,5,22GHz£14m

e-MERLIN–20092x2GHz£11m

e-MERLIN–20181-16GHz;2x8GHzb/w440km£10m

Transformation

Transformation

2000-2008:£3.2m/yr+£120kLTê

2018:£2.3m/yr+£400kLovell

2009-2017:£2.0m/yr£0kLovell

A:TheUniverse…A1:earlyuniverseA2:firststructuresA3:rolesofDM&DEA4:firststars,gals,BHA5:galaxyevolutionA6:stellarformation

B:stars&planetsB1:planetarysystemsB2:influenceofSunB3:lifeelsewhere

C:FundamentalphysicsC1:particlesC2:space-timeC3:unifiedframeworkC4:darkmatterC5:darkenergyC6:nuclear/hadronsC7:matter-antimatter

D:ExtremephysicsD1:physicsinextremesD2:highenergies,GWD3:ultra-compactobj

STFCScienceChallenges

KeyScienceGoals

• Planet-formation• Star-formation&evolution• Galaxyevolution&roleofblackholes• Fundamental&extremephysicswith

pulsars• Gravitationalwaves(nHz)usingpulsars• Darkmatter&darkenergyusing

gravitationallensing• Compactobjects&relativisticparticlejets

fromAGN

8-16GHz

2-4GHz

PAF

Bandwidth

2-4GHz

Digitalupgrade

Defford

Defford

ScienceCase:Planet-formingdisks

• Inner10AU(Saturn)opaquetosub-mm• Needcmwavelengths(1)seethroughdust&(2)detectpebblematerial• At1AUneed>~3cm• >200kmbaselinestoreachinner(terrestrial)

orbits• Jup:40mas,Mars12mas

91AU

13AU

HLTauALMA2015

à e-MERLINat10GHz(3cm)isideal:1uJy/b=15K(τ=0.15T=100K)S~𝜈𝛼𝛼>2;winevenforsurf.brightness20masresolutionuse5GHz,22GHztountangleemissionfrom thermaljets,diskwinds,synchrotron

ScienceCase:Galaxyevolution

• Cosmicstar-formationhistory• Moststar-formationobscured->radio(SNR,HII)orsub-mm(dust)• Radioemissionisveryfaint,steep

spectrum,andextended~1”

Wheredoesstar-formationoccur?AGN?Centralstar-formation?

Heckman+Best2014VLAresolutionat1.5GHz

e-MERLIN1.5GHze-MERGE

à Need~0.1”resolutionà 2-4GHzbandidealJVLApreferredband4xbandwidth,lessRFI0.1”fore-M+JVLAà AdditionofGoonhilly





VLAresolutionat1.5GHz







VLAresolutionat1.5GHz


VLA-LVLA-LVLA-SeM-LeM-S


S-band(2-4GHz)simulations JavierMoldon(e-MERLIN/JBO)

• Higherresolution• Maintainsensivitytodiffuseemission

• Distinguish&separatethecomponents&processses:

• star-formingknots,nucleus,jetetc

ScienceCase:

Gravity,GravitationalWaves&UtilisingPulsarClocks.

Kramer

KeyQuestions• Physicsinextremeconditions• Testingtheoriesofgravity,detectionofGWRequirements• Sensitivity,cadence,surveyspeed,accuracyBenefitsofLovell+e-MERLIN• 2xsensitivityforpulsarobservations(=LargeststeerabletelescopesinNHemisphere)• IncreasedsensitivityforLEAP,PulsarTimingArrays

• PAF:increasedsurveyspeed&cadence• S-band:increasedaccuracy

– Largerbandwidth– Reduceddispersion(λ2)andscattering(λ4)à S-bandwillbebandofchoiceforPSRtiming,GW -2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

33 33.5 34 34.5 35 35.5 36 36.5 37G

alac

tic la

titud

e (d

eg)

Galact ic longitude (deg)

Simultaneousmulti-pulsarobservingwithe-MERLINand/orPAF

Design&Implementation Summary

WP2:Software:PAlexander(Cambridge),AScaifeWP3:2-4GHzreceivers:MJones(Oxf),SGarrington,WP4:8-16GHzRx:MJonesWP5:LTPhasedArrayFeed:MKeithWP6:DigitalUpgrade:KGraingeWP7:NewdishatDefford:SGarrington

WP2:SoftwarePAlexander(Cambridge)&AScaife

• Currentpipelinesstillahurdle…• EarlyadopterofSKA-SDP?• LeveragelargeUKandinternationalinvestmentent• TrialSDPonrealdata,similarconfigurationtoSKA1-mid• Head-startonconfiguringandusingSDPpipelines:train&developUKSKAcommunity

E-MERLINSupportCentre

• EarlyimplementationofSDPpipeline• followSDPdevelopmentcycle• Workshops,schoolsetc• Paralleldevelopmentandimplementationofalgorithmsfore-MERLINissues:

• RFIrecognition&flagging• Calibrationandimaging• PAF+singlefeeds

WP3:S-band(2-4Rx) SGarrington&MJones(Oxford)

• Sciencemotivation:galaxyevolution,feedback(jets),cosmology(shear),PSRtiming

• Technicalmotivation:– 4xbandwidth,2xresolutioncomparedtoL-band(1.5GHz)

– JVLAbandofchoiceforgalaxysurveys– Plug-inupgrade:retrofitreceiverstotelescopes:samedownconversion,samplers,…

– Lessinterference

1-4GHzTerrestrialSpectrumPassiveBa

nd Airportapproachradar

S-bandRxL-bandRx

2-4GHzReceiverComponents

• Feedhorns– LargehornsforCassegrain– External/internallens?– Smallfeedsforprime(Mk2,De,LT)

• OMT• LNA EVLAS-band

FeedHorn

10’9”

2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.82.0 4.0

5

10

15

20

0

25

freq, GHz

te(2)



• OMT• LNA

2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.82.0 4.0

5

10

15

20

0

25

freq, GHz

te(2)



• OMT• LNA

e-MERLINLens1.5GHz

2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.82.0 4.0

5

10

15

20

0

25

freq, GHz

te(2)



• OMT• LNA

2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.82.0 4.0

5

10

15

20

0

25

freq, GHz

te(2)



• OMT• LNA EVLAOMTDesign

2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.82.0 4.0

5

10

15

20

0

25

freq, GHz

te(2)

WP4:X-band(8-16GHz) MJones(Oxford)

• ScientificMotivation:FewAUresolutionand~10Ksensitivityforplanet-formingdisks+star-formation,low-luminosityAGN,+…

• TechnicalMotivation:– High-performance,low-costreceiversforSKA– Upto8GHzbandwidth

SKA1-midreceiverpackage

• SKABand3/4/5receiversbeingdesignedatOxford

• Providesupto5bandsonSKA-midantennas– 1.6–3GHz– 3–5GHz– 4.6–8.5GHz.*– 8.3–15.3GHz*– 15–24GHz*first-lightbands

• eMerlinX-bandreceiverswillbemuchsimplifiedversion,usingsameelectronics,LNAsetc.Feeds/OMTsrescaledtoeMerlinbandandcryostatsimplifiedforsinglefeed.

TheLovellTelescopeatX-band

Lovellperformanceat10GHz

WP5:Phasedarrayfeeds MKeith

• Sciencemotivation– SurveyspeedatL-,S-bandforgalaxy

evolution,weaklensing(alsophasereferencing)

– Field-of-viewfortransients– Pulsarobservingefficiency– Antennaefficiency/surfacecorrection

• Phasedprojectdevelopment– UoMpurchasingASKAPPAF2017

• Uncooled;~250MHzb/w;2x96elements– STFCgrantforcooledPAFR&D

(2016-18)à Cooled,broad-bandL&S-band(1-4GHz)

PHAROS CSIROPAF 2-4GHzCryoPAF

Frequency 4-8GHz 1.2-1.8GHz(plus0.70-1.1GHz)

2-4GHz(plus1.4-1.8option)

Cooling Cryogenic Roomtemperature Cryogenic

Projectstatus Testingofprototype Integrationofproductionsystem

Designandprototyping

Numberofelements220

(24inprototype) 188 188(~24inprototype)

Elementtechnology Vivaldi Chequerboard TBD

BeamformingAnalogue

(Upgradingtodigital)Digital

CSIROBeamformerDigital

CSIROBeamformer

eMerlindevelopmentsupportrequested N/A

InterfacebetweenbeamformerandeMerlinsystems

Developmentoffull-scaleinstrument

(+sameinterfacesasCSIROPAF)

WP5:PAF

WP6:DigitalUpgradeKGrainge

• Motivation– Sensitivity:MaximumbandwidthinC(4-8GHz)andX(8-16GHz)bands

Currently2x2GHz– UpgradeableSKAtechnologies

• 100Gb/slinks,standardnetwork,flexiblecorrelator/beamformer

• Projectelements– Dataacquistion(samplers)– DataLinks(opticalnetwork)– Correlator

Crewe

Birmingham

Nottingham

Peterboro

Pickmere

Jodrell Bank

Darnhall

Knockin

Cambridge

Defford

WP6:DigitalUpgradeDataacquisition&links

• Rangeof5-26Gs/sdigitisersnowavailable(e2v,TI,AnalogDevices)– JESD204StandardinterfacingtoFPGA

• OptionsofdirectsamplingforL,C,S-bands&4,8GHzIFforX(&K)

• DAQboardsindesignbyOxford/AASL• 100Gb/stransmissionnowstandard;willbeusedforSKA

• Convertexistingnetworktonx100Gb/sethernet

WP6:DigitalUpgradeCorrelator

• LastgenerationofbigASICcorrelators

• Rangeofnewoptions– FPGA,GPU,CPU

• ExpecttousehybridFPGA->GPUclusterRe-useWilkesCluster

WP7:DeffordSGarrington

FeedIndexer

Subreflector

Pedestal

Multipanelmainreflector(totalrms350micron)

Azimuth&Elevationdrive

WP7:NewdishatDefford

SKA1-MidDishDesign2017

M Harman – SKAO Dish Project Manager

SinglePixelFeedBands–1:350-1050MHz–2:950-1760MHz–3:1.65-3.05GHz–4:2.8-5.2GHz–5a:4.6-8.5GHz–5b:8.3–15.3Ghz–5c:14.8-24Ghz

Bands3,4and5c,arenottobefittedastheyarenotpartofSKA1initialdeployment.

SKA1-midDishperformance

WorkPackageCosts

WP Cost(toRC)

Benefits

2:Software £1.5m Sciencethroughput,communityengagementImpact:s/wdevelopment

3.S-band(2-4GHz) £1.0m Science:galaxyevolution,PSRtiming,AGNfeedback

4.X-band(8-16GHz) £1.2m Science:planet&starformation,compactobjects,…

5.PAF £2.3m Science:galaxysurveys,PSR,weaklensing(DM,DE)Impact:SKAtechnology

6.Digitalupgrade £1.8m Science:sensitivityforplanetformationetcImpact:SKAtechnology

7.NewDeffordtel. £1.7m Science:imagingqualityatC,X-band(stars&planets)Impact:SKAtechnology

8.Management £0.5m ProjectmanagementImpact:industrialengagement

Schedule

e-MERLIN Development 2018-2023 - Jodrell Bank · PDF filee-MERLIN Development 2018-2023 ......

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