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Transcript of e Government
e-Government
By:Krishna Prasad Acharya
Contents Evolution of Computing
Evolution of Computers Evolution of Internet
Introduction of Computers in Nepal e-Government
What is e-Government? Benefits of e-Government Successful e-Government practices in other
countries (USA, South Korea, India) Goals of e-Government Building blocks of e-Government UN's global e-Government survey
e-Government Survey 2005 e-Government Survey 2010
Contents contd. Types of service provided through e-Government
Government to Citizen (G2C) (Singapore Case Study)
Government to Business (GB) (China Case Study)
Government to Government (G2G) (USA Case Study)
Government to Employee (G2E) (Case Study) Alternate means of realizing e-Government
besides Internet SMS ( Philippines Case Study) Radio ( Sri Lanka Case Study)
Contents contd. Five Stages of e-Government Prerequisite legal infrastructure for e-
Government Development of e-Government in Nepal
Institutional Infrastructure Legal Infrastructure Data/information infrastructure Human Infrastructure Technical Infrastructure
Contents contd. Three Year Interim Plan (2064/65 -2066/67) Nepal's e-Government Mater Plan 2006
e-Government Vision and Mission Nepal's e-Government Status Identified priority e-Government projects Key factors for successful e-Government
ADB funded e-Government projects Challenges of e-Government Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) Conclusion References
Evolution of Computing Evolution of computers
5000 years ago, the Chinese developed abacus 1939, world's first electronic digital computer 1947, greatest invention of our time: the transistor 1958, invention of Integrated Circuit (IC) 1968, the design of first Microprocessor 1973, invention of Ethernet and TCP/IP 1976, Apple’s first Personal Computer (PC) 1977, invention of PC modem 1981, IBM’s first Personal Computer 1982, the first notebook Personal Computer 1991, the World Wide Web (WWW)
Evolution of Computing contd.
Evolution of Internet 1969 ARPANET established 1971, the first email across a network 1980’s -90’s, ARPANET used extensively
among US universities and Academia 1991, the World Wide Web (www) 1995, dot-com boom starts 2000, dot-com bubble starts to brust
Introduction of Computers in Nepal
1971 Introduction of computer in the country for census (IBM1401)
1974 Establishment of the Electronic Data Processing Centre. Now merged with the National Computer Centre, for promoting computer usage and computer literacy.
1982 First Private Overseas Investment in software development by establishing company for export, Data Systems International (p) Ltd.
1985 Distribution of Personal Computers in Nepal 1990 Liberalization on imports of equipment 1992 Establishment of Computer Association of Nepal 1996 Establishment of the Ministry of Science & Technology 2000 Announcement of the first IT policy, “IT Policy 2057” 2002 Establishment of the National Information Technology
Center 2003 Establishment of the High Level Commission for Information
Technology 2006 Enactment of the Electronics Transaction Act 2063 2010 IT Policy 2067
e-Government What is e-Government?
E-government is the use of information and communications technologies (ICT) to transform the traditional government by making it accessible, transparent, effective and accountable.
E-government is defined as utilizing the Internet and the world-wide-web for delivering government information and services to citizens.
United Nations (UN): www.un.org
e-Government contd. Electronic government (hereafter e-
government) refers to a situation in which administrative, legislative and judicial agencies (including both central and local governments) digitize their internal and external operations and utilize networked systems efficiently to realize better quality in the provision of public services.
Global Business Dialogue on Electronic Commerce (GBDe) (www.dbde.org)
e-Government contd. E-government refers to the use of information
technologies by government agencies (such as Wide Area Networks, the Internet, and mobile computing) that have the ability to transform relations with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government. These technologies can serve a variety of different ends: better delivery of government services to citizens, improved interactions with businesses and industries, citizen empowerment through access of information, or more efficient government management. The resulting benefits can be less corruption, increased transparency, greater convenience, revenue growth, and/or cost reductions.
World Bank (www.worldbank.org)
e-Government contd.
Benefits of e-Government Better customer service More convenience More information access Increased efficiency Increased esteem Cost saving Time saving Transparent
e-Government contd. Successful e-Government
practices in other countries (USA, South Korea, India)
USA Case Study Government Paperwork Elimination Act
1998 The e-Government Act 2002 24+1 e-Government initiatives
(GovBenefits.gov, Recreation One-Stop, E-Loans, Geospatial One-Stop, Disaster Management, e-Training, e-Payroll etc)
e-Government contd. Korea Case Study
Act on Informatization Promotion 1995 Electronic Singnature Act 1999 Software Industry Promotion Act 2000 E-Government Act 2001 Act on Digital Divide Reduction 2001 Mid 80s – Mid 90s, national basic information (resident
registration, real state, vehicles etc) was put in database
Mid 90s – Late 90s, many government services (real-state, patent registration) have been put online
Since 2000, more civil service brought online Jan. 2001, Special Committee for e-Government
established under the President In 2002, 31 different projects launched
e-Government contd. India Case Study
Established Ministry of Communication and Information Technology as an apex body in 1999
Information Technology Act 2000 which provides legal recognition of electronic transactions (electronic records and digital signatures)
Set up Center for e-Governance (CEG) to showcase best practices in e-Governance to decision makers in central and state governments
National e-Governance Action Plan (2003-2007)
e-Government contd. India Case Study contd.
Various e-Government projects: income tax, insurance, pension, banking, land records, road transport, agriculture, property registration etc.
e-Seva – very successful project of Andhra Pradesh
66 services (bill/tax payment, issue of certificate etc.) Electronic queue system 46 e-Seva centers with 400 service counters in two
cities (open 8am – 8pm) Payments by cash/check/credit cards/Internet
e-Government contd.
Goals of e-Government Creating a better business
environment Customers online, not in line Strengthening good governance and
broadening public participation Improving the productivity and
efficiency of government agencies Improving the quality of life for
disadvantaged communities
e-Government contd.
Building blocks of e-Government Institutional Infrastructure Legal Infrastructure Data/Information Infrastructure Human Infrastructure Technical Infrastructure
e-Government contd. UN’s global e-Government survey
Infrastructure Index Web Measure Index Human Capital Index Internet Users and PCs Index Telephone and Cellular Index
Based on above rankings, e-Government Readiness Ranking 2005 was developed
e-Government contd.
Country
Index RankingRanking Change2005 2005 2004
US 0.9062 1 1 0
Denmark 0.9058 2 2 - 0
Sweden 0.8983 3 4 1
UK 0.8777 4 3 -1
Korea 0.8727 5 5 0
China 0.5078 57 67 10
India 0.4001 87 86 -1
Tajikistan 0.3346 117 - -
Nepal 0.3021 126 132 6
Bhutan 0.2941 130 165 35
Pakistan 0.2836 136 122 - 14
Bangladesh 0.1762 162 159 -3
Afghanistan 0.1490 168 171 3
UN’s e-Government survey 2005e-Government Readiness Ranking
e-Government contd.
Country
Human Capital Index
2005 2004 2003
USA 0.9700 0.970 0.98
Republic of Korea 0.9700 0.960 0.95
India 0.5900 0.570 0.57
Sri Lanka 0.8300 0.820 0.84
Nepal 0.5000 0.500 0.48
UN’s e-Government survey 2005
Human Capital Index
e-Government contd.
Country
Infrastructure Index
2005 2004 2003
USA 0.7486 0.770 0.801
Republic of Korea
0.6713 0.666 0.675
India 0.0277 0.026 0.027
Sri Lanka 0.0359 0.034 0.036
Nepal 0.0063 0.006 0.006
Country
Web Measure Index
2005 2004 2003
USA 1.0000 1.000 1.000
Republic of Korea
0.9769 0.946 0.607
India 0.5827 0.568 0.522
Sri Lanka 0.3192 0.270 0.279
Nepal 0.4000 0.336 0.319
UN’s e-Government survey 2005Infrastructure Index Web Measure Index
e-Government contd.
Country Internet Users Internet Users Index PCs PC Index
USA 55.600 0.824 66.000 0.807
Republic of Korea 61.000 0.904 55.800 0.682
India 1.800 0.027 0.700 0.009
Sri Lanka 1.300 0.019 1.700 0.021
Nepal 0.300 0.004 0.400 0.005
Country Telephone Data Telephone Index Cellular Data Cellular Index
USA 62.3800 0.5998 54.5800 0.4572
Republic of Korea 53.8300 0.5176 70.0900 0.5871
India 4.6300 0.0445 2.4700 0.0207
Sri Lanka 4.9000 0.0471 7.2700 0.0609
Nepal 1.5700 0.0151 0.2100 0.0018
UN’s e-Government survey 2005
Internet Users and PCs Index (per 100 persons)
Telephone and Cellular Index
e-Government contd.E-Government Readiness by Country, 2007
e-Government contd.
e-Government survey 2010 On-line service index Human capital index Telecommunication infrastructure
index Based on above 3 indexes,
e-Government Development Index has been developed
e-Government contd.
Top 20 Countries In e-Government Development, 2010
e-Government contd.
South Asian Countries In e-Government Development, 2010
Types of e-Government Services 4 main customers of e-Government
Citizens Business community Government agencies Government employees
E-Government aims to deliver these customers convenient, transparent, inexpensive and effective service
Types of e-Government Services contd. Hence, 4 types of e-Government services
Government to Citizen (G2C) Services provided by Government to Citizens
Government to Business (G2B) Services provided by government to business
community Government to Government (G2G)
Services provided by government to govenment Government to Employee (G2E)
Services provided by government to employees
Types of e-Government Services contd. Government to Citizen (G2C)
Services: license renewal, filling income tax, vital registration, health care, hospital information, education, libraries etc.
Case study: Singapore’s e-Citizen Portal 1600 e-services on health, education, business,
employment, family 1300 services on-line (transactional) One-stop access to government services Some of the e-services
Purchase of apartments Voter registration Employment search School information
Types of e-Government Services contd. Government to Business (G2B)
Services: registering business, renewing license, obtaining permits, payment of taxes, obtaining business information, downloading application forms
Case study: China’s Golden Customs Submit import/export declarations to customs
authorities Calculate duty payments Check import/export statistics Benefits:
efficient customs management, prevent illegal activities Criminal and smuggling cases worth US$ 96mil. Increase of tariff payment by US$86mil.
Types of e-Government Services contd. Government to Government (G2G)
Services: immigration system, land information, GIS, KMS, groupware
G2G takes place at two levels Local or domestic level International level
Case study: Global Cooperation on Transactional Crime
Increasing use of Internet for organized crime and illegal trafficking activities
Dec. 2000, 124 states signed UN Convention against Transactional Crime
Information sharing among states about organized crime groups
Types of e-Government Services contd. Government to Employee (G2E)
Services: specialized G2C service for government employees only e.g. HRD training
Case study: Mississippi USA’s Payroll Information Service
View payroll and tax information Mistakes in payroll solved in 2 days instead of 2
weeks Saves US$0.50 in every form that is printed and
mailed
ALTERNATE Means of e-Government Realization
Through SMS Case study: Philippines using
appropriate technologies in e-Government Issuing of fake receipts to taxpayers Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR)
introduced SMS notification system Notifies confirmation message within 38
hrs that the authorized banks received the payments
ALTERNATE Means of e-Government Realization contd. Through Radio Developing countries face lack of IT
infrastructure to realize e-Government Case study: Intelligent Intermediaries in
Sri Lanka Radio as an interface between rural people
and Internet 1 hour live program, announcer and
resource persons browse Internet in response to listeners requests/questions
e-Government Stages5 stages of e-Government
Stage 1•Emerging web presence •Creation of the government website. Basic and limited level of information is provided in a static manner
Stage 2•Enhanced web presence•Expansion in government websites. Increased dynamics in information through regular updates of information/contents
Stage 3•Interactive web presence•Usage of electronic formats. 2-way communications via web (online application, confirmation and response)
Stage 4•Transactional web presence•Provision of actual online services, process handling and electronic payment
Stage 5•Fully integrated web presence (seamless)•All services and links are provided on a single government portal, and all the administrative services can be processed on-line
e-Government Stages contd.
Technology level HigherTech
LowerTech
LowerServices
HigherServices
Serv
ice level
Stage 1: eGov’t for Internal Process Improvements
Stage 1: eGov’t for Internal Process Improvements
Stage 2: eGov’t for 1 way communications
Stage 2: eGov’t for 1 way communications
Stage 3: eGov’t for 2 way communications
Stage 3: eGov’t for 2 way communications
Stage 4: eGov’t for “exchange of value” transactions
Stage 4: eGov’t for “exchange of value” transactions
Stage 5: eGov’t for “joined-up” Government
Stage 5: eGov’t for “joined-up” Government
e-Government Stages contd.
E-Government Presence by Country, 2007
Legal Infrastructure for e-Government
Law on e-Government Law on e-Transaction Law on e-Signature Law on Disclosing Administration
Information Law on Protection of Personal
Information Law on Informatization
Promotion
Development of e-Government in Nepal
Realization of Five Building Blocks of
e-Government in Nepal Institutional Infrastructure Legal Infrastructure Data/information infrastructure Human Infrastructure Technical Infrastructure
Development of e-Government in Nepal contd.
Institutional Infrastructure 1996, Ministry of Science and
Technology 2002, National Information Technology
Center 2003, High Level Commission for
Information Technology 2006, Controller Certification Authority
Development of e-Government in Nepal contd.
Legal Infrastructure IT Policy 2057 Telecommunication Policy 2060 Electronic Transaction Act 2063 IT Policy 2067
Development of e-Government in Nepal contd.
Data/Information Infrastructure Digitization of data started by some
organizations Keeping records in electronic form by
some organizations Establishment of Government
Integrated Data Center (GIDC)
Development of e-Government in Nepal contd.
Human Infrastructure Skilled manpower by universities, colleges Engineers, programmers from overseas Semi-skilled manpower by training
institutes Training programs to government
employees Awareness program among general public
Development of e-Government in Nepal contd. Technical Infrastructure
Fiber optic network in Singhdurbar Fiber optic network along East west highway Proposed fiber optic network along north-south SASEC Information Highway connecting Nepal,
India, Bangladesh and Bhutan Establishment of Tele-centers Rural Telecommunication Fund for connecting
all district headquarter through fiber optic
Development of e-Government in Nepal contd. Three year interim plan (2064/65 -2066/67) envisaged
following activities to promote e-Governance IT Park in Banepa Expansion of Tele-centers eGMP implementation Promotion of R&D in Universities E-Governance Training to government employees Awareness promotion activities Controller Office and Payment Gateway establishment Fiber Optic Network operation in central agencies Enactment of laws regarding VOIP, Payment Gateway and
Wireless operation Formulation of Acts and Regulations on ICT Formation of ICT Service Group Promotion of CAN Info Tech like events
Nepal’s e-Government Master Plan 2006
e-Government Master Plan (eGMP) Prepared by Ministry of Science and
Technology with the help of Korean IT Promotion Agency (KIPA)
Started in 2005 and completed in 2006
Nepal’s e-Government Master Plan 2006 contd. e-Government Master Plan’s vision and mission Vision
Citizen-centered service Transparent service Networked government Knowledge based society
Mission Improve the quality of people’s life without any
discrimination, transcending regional and racial differences, and realize socio-economic development by building a transparent government and providing value added quality services through ICT.
Nepal’s e-Government Master Plan 2006 contd.
Nepal’s e-Government statusMinistry Informatized Task Database ICT Staff
CIAA - - 14
EC Preparing voter list IVRS, DVRS 90
FCGO Budget implementation DECS 10
FMIS
HLCIT Maintaining documents DMS 12
Maintaining revenue GAS
MoF Budget management BMIS 2
MoFA Issuing passport PSI 4
MoHP Training HURDIS 8
MoLD Local development Arcview 7
Arc GIS
ArcInfo
NPC Project management PPIS 13
Expenditure management MTF
Financial management Accounting System
PSC Recording applicants Examination 8
Nepal’s e-Government Master Plan 2006 contd.
Nepal’s e-Government status contd.Ministry Informatized Task Database ICT Staff[1]
MoAC - - 0
MCM[2] - - -
MoCTCA - - 8
MoD - - 1
MoES - - 19
MoEST - - ?
MoFSC - - 2
MoGA - - 32
MoHA - - 29
MoICS - - 4
MoIC - - 18
MoLTM - - 3
MoLRM - - 3
MoL - - 0
MoPPW - - 1
MoWR - - 4
MoWCSW - - 6
NVC[3] - - 4
NLRC[4] - - 2
Peace Secretariat
- - 2
Nepal’s e-Government Master Plan 2006 contd.
Priority e-Government ProjectsPhase Priority Project Type
1
1 Government Portal G2C
2 Groupware G2G
3 EA Infra
4 GIDC Infra
5 NID G2C
6 e-Education G2G
7 PKI Infra
2
8 e-Authentication G2G
9 e-Tax G2G
10 e-Customs G2B
11 e-Vehicle G2C
12 e-Drivers License G2C
13 e-Land G2G
3
14 e-Procurement G2B
15 Passport Management G2C
16 Immigration G2G
17 BRAMS G2B
18 e-Health G2C
19 e-Commerce G2B
20 e-Agriculture G2C
Nepal’s e-Government Master Plan 2006 contd.
Key success factors for e-Government realization in Nepal Commitment from Head of state Strong implementing organization Organizational and institutional system Introduction of cutting edge
technologies Promotion of domestic IT companies for
e-Government projects
Nepal’s e-Government Master Plan 2006 contd.
Key success factors contd. Fund mechanism for large scale
investment Monitoring and assessing mechanism Usages status assessment after
project completion Incentives/remuneration system
based on performance
ADB Funding on e-Government Projects ADB’s support for e-Government
US$ 30mil. Grant assistance for ICT Development Project
National ID Vehicle License Land Record Management Public Service Commission Enterprise Architecture Groupware
Challenges of e-Government Strong commitment from political and
administrative leaders Lack of long term vision and strategy Lack of e-Government Act No Apex Body for e-Government Sustainability of Tele-centers Difficulty in Change management Payment Gateway and Digital
Signatures Awareness among general public
Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) and Unicode Why Open Source Software?
Nominal ownership cost No licensing agreement Interoperability Distributable Source code available so can easily be
localized Nepal is a signatory to WTO, WIPO.
Therefore should abide by copyright rules Promotion of Open Source Software in
government agencies
Conclusion Although there are number of challenges faced
by Nepal in various fronts, ICT can and should play as an effective development tool to overcome geographical boundaries to achieve its developmental goals. In this context, e-Government can transform the traditional way of government’s public service delivery to a more transparent, efficient and cost effective manner. Ultimately, this will help bridge digital divide, poverty reduction and attain the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) set by UN.
References E-Government Master Plan Consulting
Report 2006 UN Global e-Government Readiness
Report 2005 UN e-Government Survey 2010 E-Government UNDP-APDIP 2003 Promoting e-Governance in Nepal, 2065 Electronic Government for Developing
Countries, ITU, 2008
Thank You !!!Thank You !!!