E-Governance in Developing Countriesunpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/... ·...
Transcript of E-Governance in Developing Countriesunpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/... ·...
E-Governance in
Developing Countries
E-Governance in
Developing Countries
Presented byRajesh Shakya
Reengineering Specialist, ADB (TA-4833)
Presented byRajesh Shakya
Reengineering Specialist, ADB (TA-4833)
PrPrééparedpared by:by:
Dr Paul SchapperDr Paul Schapper
ADB ConsultantADB Consultant
Many StrategiesMany StrategiesMany Strategies
• Hyderabad Declaration of 2004 inclusive of 45 countries
• Kuala Lumpur Declaration of 2003 inclusive of 22 countries,
10 organisations
• Tokyo Declaration of 2003 inclusive of 47 countries,
22 international organisations, 54 private sector entities, 116 NGOs
• The Pacific Islands ICTs Policy and Strategic Plan of 2002inclusive of 22 Pacific island nations
• E-ASEAN Framework Agreement of 2000 inclusive of
10 countries
• E-APEC Strategy 2000 inclusive of 21 countries
• Hyderabad Declaration of 2004 inclusive of 45 countries
• Kuala Lumpur Declaration of 2003 inclusive of 22 countries,
10 organisations
• Tokyo Declaration of 2003 inclusive of 47 countries,
22 international organisations, 54 private sector entities, 116 NGOs
• The Pacific Islands ICTs Policy and Strategic Plan of 2002
inclusive of 22 Pacific island nations
• E-ASEAN Framework Agreement of 2000 inclusive of
10 countries
• E-APEC Strategy 2000 inclusive of 21 countries
Country & Regional ICT Master PlansCountry & Regional ICT Master PlansCountry & Regional ICT Master Plans
Country Focus
� E-Japan Strategy 2003 and
supporting strategies
� E-Korea Vision 2006, Broadband
IT Korea Vision 2007
� Connected Singapore Info Comm
21 and the National IT Strategic
Agenda
� E-Sri Lanka
� Bhutan ICT Master Plan
� Philippines National IT Plan 21
� India National IT Plan and other
strategies
� Nepal IT Policy 2000
� Viet Nam IT Directive 58
Country FocusCountry Focus
�� EE--Japan Strategy 2003 and Japan Strategy 2003 and
supporting strategiessupporting strategies
�� EE--Korea Vision 2006, Broadband Korea Vision 2006, Broadband
IT Korea Vision 2007IT Korea Vision 2007
�� Connected Singapore Info Connected Singapore Info CommComm
21 and the National IT Strategic 21 and the National IT Strategic
AgendaAgenda
�� EE--Sri LankaSri Lanka
�� Bhutan ICT Master PlanBhutan ICT Master Plan
�� Philippines National IT Plan 21Philippines National IT Plan 21
�� India National IT Plan and other India National IT Plan and other
strategiesstrategies
�� Nepal IT Policy 2000 Nepal IT Policy 2000
�� Viet Nam IT Directive 58Viet Nam IT Directive 58
Regional Focus
� Hyderabad Declaration 2004
� APT Ministerial Conference 2004
� Kuala Lumpur Declaration 2003
� Tokyo Declaration 2003
� Okinawa Charter 2000
� E-ASEAN Framework Agreement
2000
� E-APEC Strategy 2000
� Seoul Declaration
Regional FocusRegional Focus
�� Hyderabad Declaration 2004Hyderabad Declaration 2004
�� APT Ministerial Conference 2004APT Ministerial Conference 2004
�� Kuala Lumpur Declaration 2003Kuala Lumpur Declaration 2003
�� Tokyo Declaration 2003Tokyo Declaration 2003
�� Okinawa Charter 2000Okinawa Charter 2000
�� EE--ASEAN Framework Agreement ASEAN Framework Agreement
20002000
�� EE--APEC Strategy 2000APEC Strategy 2000
�� Seoul DeclarationSeoul Declaration
Similar ObjectivesSimilar ObjectivesSimilar Objectives
• Improved public service delivery
• Enhanced public governance – transparency, accountability
• Enhanced social equity for minorities, gender, youth
• Strengthened cultural support and ties
• Enhanced opportunities for public participation
• Inclusivity, digital divide
• Greater access to information, training and education
• Enhanced opportunities for social and economic networks
• Strengthened economic performance and opportunity
• Commercial innovation, R&D
• Millennium Development Goals
• Improved public service delivery
• Enhanced public governance – transparency, accountability
• Enhanced social equity for minorities, gender, youth
• Strengthened cultural support and ties
• Enhanced opportunities for public participation
• Inclusivity, digital divide
• Greater access to information, training and education
• Enhanced opportunities for social and economic networks
• Strengthened economic performance and opportunity
• Commercial innovation, R&D
• Millennium Development Goals
Supply Factors
•Infrastructure, flexibility, innovation, efficiency
•Private sector investment, entrepreneurship
•Connectivity, affordability, capacity
•Legislation, governance
•Consumer, privacy protection
•IP protection
•E-commerce rules, authentication, security
•Skills, e-literacy, training, digital divides
•Regional, international coordination, cooperation
•Open source & proprietary software, applications
•Standards policies
•Sustainable resourcing models
Demand Factors
•Competition, flexibility, price, information flows, technology, innovation
•Skills, knowledge, economics, business, culture, community, social capital
•Leadership – government (also represents scale)
•Networks
•Applications
Supply Factors
•Infrastructure, flexibility, innovation, efficiency
•Private sector investment, entrepreneurship
•Connectivity, affordability, capacity
•Legislation, governance
•Consumer, privacy protection
•IP protection
•E-commerce rules, authentication, security
•Skills, e-literacy, training, digital divides
•Regional, international coordination, cooperation
•Open source & proprietary software, applications
•Standards policies
•Sustainable resourcing models
Demand Factors
•Competition, flexibility, price, information flows, technology, innovation
•Skills, knowledge, economics, business, culture, community, social capital
•Leadership – government (also represents scale)
•Networks
•Applications
Many IssuesMany Issues
Publication
Public information &.Public approval.
Integration & standardization.
Websites mark-up.
Interaction
Active exchange of Information.
Online reports.Customized information.
Databases & process integration
Transaction
Competitive exchange
of goods and services.
On-line productivity.
Integrated services.
TransparencyTransparency
EfficiencyEfficiency
Competition and
Development
Competition and
Development
Transformation
Changes in economy
and social relationships.
Changes in job structures
and value chains.
Relocation of services &
new services appearing.
Structural
Change
Structural
Change
E-… development PhasesEE--…… development Phasesdevelopment Phases
Infrastructure
� Co-located with
production� Interactive ICTs� International up-links
Skills
� ICT Engineering
� ICT Applications & Dev
� Competitive
� R&D
Resources
� Investment funds
� Venture capital
Infrastructure
� Co-located with
production
� Interactive ICTs� International up-links
Skills
� ICT Engineering
� ICT Applications & Dev
� Competitive
� R&D
Resources
� Investment funds
� Venture capital
Information EconomyInformation EconomyInformation EconomyInformation EconomyIndustrial Objectives
Information EconomyInformation EconomyInformation EconomyInformation EconomyIndustrial Objectives
Infrastructure
� Co-located with communities� Affordable ICTs� International down-links
� Last mile
� IP Voice
Skills
� E-literacy� ICT awareness
� Cooperative
� SME Entrepreneurship
Resources
� Cash flow� Social capital
Infrastructure
� Co-located with communities
� Affordable ICTs
� International down-links� Last mile
� IP Voice
Skills
� E-literacy
� ICT awareness� Cooperative
� SME Entrepreneurship
Resources
� Cash flow� Social capital
Information CommunitySocial Objectives
Information CommunitySocial Objectives
� Critical mass for Regional Access Network
� Policy framework for regulatory harmonization
� Viability for commercial investment
�� Critical mass for Regional Access NetworkCritical mass for Regional Access Network
�� Policy framework for regulatory harmonizationPolicy framework for regulatory harmonization
�� Viability for commercial investmentViability for commercial investment
Common policies espoused by every member country provide
common ground for collaboration:
� HR Skills, education and research development
� Software / hardware industry development
� Community / cultural rural ICT development
� E-Commerce development
� ICT access and enablement
Common policies espoused by every member country provide Common policies espoused by every member country provide
common ground for collaboration:common ground for collaboration:
�� HR Skills, education and research developmentHR Skills, education and research development
�� Software / hardware industry developmentSoftware / hardware industry development
�� Community / cultural rural ICT developmentCommunity / cultural rural ICT development
�� EE--Commerce developmentCommerce development
�� ICT access and enablementICT access and enablement
Opportunity for South Asia Collaboration
Opportunity for Opportunity for South Asia CollaborationSouth Asia Collaboration
South Asia
ARNet
University
HRD Network
SA
E-Commerce
Development
Network
South Asia
Rural
Community
Development
Exchange
South Asia
Priority
Development
Network
Implies Common Technical Standards
& Specifications
Implies Common Technical Standards
& Specifications
Supply / vendor driven……………..,,,, Demand / client driven
Platform strategy……………………….………...Client strategy
Focus on technology…………………………Focus on context
Detached governance……………….... Integrated governance
Weak messages…………………………….…Strong leadershipIndividualized Strategies……………. Institutional Framework
Big Bang solutions……………… Incremental implementation
Skills shortage…………………... Human Capacity acquisition
Weak business case…………………….. High value e-contentFlawed design framework…………………….. Open standards
Black box architecture………………………. SOA Architecture
Bureau centric…………………………….… Community centric
Supply / vendor driven……………..,,,, Demand / client drivenPlatform strategy……………………….………...Client strategy
Focus on technology…………………………Focus on context
Detached governance……………….... Integrated governance
Weak messages…………………………….…Strong leadershipIndividualized Strategies……………. Institutional Framework
Big Bang solutions……………… Incremental implementation
Skills shortage…………………... Human Capacity acquisition
Weak business case…………………….. High value e-contentFlawed design framework…………………….. Open standards
Black box architecture………………………. SOA Architecture
Bureau centric…………………………….… Community centric
E-Government Failure & SuccessFactors
EE--Government Failure & SuccessGovernment Failure & SuccessFactorsFactors
MythsMythsMyths
• E-government is software
• E-government is de-personalising
• E-government can be bought
• E-government is technology and
• comes in boxes
• E-government is software
• E-government is de-personalising
• E-government can be bought
• E-government is technology and
• comes in boxes
ConclusionsConclusions
• Most of the developing countries are going through the same
core problem – low literacy rate and wide Digital Gap
• Process reengineering vs Process Automation
• Share the best practices among the countries
• e-Governance Architecture design should a holistic approachbut implementation can be in phases
• Going digital is mandatory because of International competition
• Going broadband is mandatory because of service expectations
• Most of the developing countries are going through the same
core problem – low literacy rate and wide Digital Gap
• Process reengineering vs Process Automation
• Share the best practices among the countries
• e-Governance Architecture design should a holistic approachbut implementation can be in phases
• Going digital is mandatory because of International competition
• Going broadband is mandatory because of service expectations