E ElectroVision V - Rajagiri School of Engineering & … To evolve into a centre of excellence in...

15 April 2015

EV Newsletter of Electronics & Communication Engineering

http://www.rajagiritech.ac.in

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERINGRajagiri School of Engineering & TechnologyRajagiri Valley, Kakkand, Kochi

ElectroVision

To evolve into a centre of excellence in electronics and communication engineer-ing, moulding professionals having inquisitive, innovative and creative minds with sound practical skills who can strive for the betterment of mankind

To impart state-of-the-art knowledge to students in electronics and communica-tion engineering and to inculcate in them a high degree of social consciousness and a sense of human values, thereby enabling them to face challenges with courage and conviction.

DEPARTMENT VISION

DEPARTMENT MISSION

E l e c t r o V i s i o n 3

page 4

page 14

page6 page 20

page 7

CONTENTS

F R O M T H E H O D ’ S D E S K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................PAGE 04

GATE QUALIFIERS........................................................................PAGE 05

PLACEMENTS...............................................................................PAGE 06

STUDENT ACHIEVEMENTS...........................................................PAGE 07

INDUSTRIAL VISITS.....................................................................PAGE 08

MICROPROJECT............................................................................PAGE 09

LASER TRIPWIRE........................................................................PAGE 10

MY EXPERIENCE WITH RAJAGIRI...............................................PAGE 11

HIGH EFFICIENCY ALL TERRAIN EXPLORATORY ROVER.............PAGE 12

NANO-PLASMONICS...................................................................PAGE 13

COGNITIVE RADIO.......................................................................PAGE 14

IOT...............................................................................................PAGE 16

EVENTS@RSET...........................................................................PAGE 17

ElectroVisionNewsletter Of Electronics & Communication Engineering

ON CREATIVE DESK

Editors

MR. JAISON JACOB

(HOD- Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering)

MRS. TRESSA MICHAEL

Asst. Professor, DEC

Student In-charge

VISHNU SASIDHARAN (S8, EC Beta)

Graphic Design

KRISHNADAS NADUVATH Programmer

Photo Courtsey

Google Images

Jaison Jacob HOD, DEC

It gives me immense pleasure to note that another edition of Electro vision is ready for launch.

Truly, irrespective of class or cadre or calibre, it is the dynamism and pervasiveness of the

vision that can lead to sustainable excellence.

The big theme today is to focus on creativity and innovation alongside academics. Entrepreneurial

wealth creation has been explosive on account of the massive impact made by technology

start-ups. It is research and development that fosters innovation and out of the box thinking,

be it in design or in implementation.

Interact with your predecessors pursuing their passions as entrepreneurs or as employees and

they would vouch for the fact that career progression or wealth creation happens only when

the vision extends beyond the periphery. Apply your mind in everything you do, whether it is

a small laboratory project or a longer semester project. Understand the “Why”, investigate the

“Why not” and think through the “How else” and you would already have become an Inventor

or Pioneer. Blend some street smart business sense to the whole thing and you would have

transcended to an entrepreneur!!! Wealth creation is meaningless unless it heralds prosper-

ity for posterity. That warrants ethical responses from all stakeholders. That also demands

an aspiration to see from a larger canvas and for a longer horizon. Or in other words, flavour

your business offering with a sense of ethics and generations will call you a Visionary !!!

Nurture the Visionary in you!!! This is a common dream!!!

Best Wishes.

From the HOD’s Desk...

Congratulations!!!!


G AT E Q UA L I F I E R S

Serial No. Name Mark Score 1 Irene Dias 59.4 7772 Andrew Gigie 36.13 4973 Athira S. 35.6 4824 Anjali C. 33 4405 Gokul Krishnan 32.19 4396 Rahul M.R. 29.33 4047 D. Vigneshwer 28.9 4108 Eldin Ben Jacob 28.21 3909 Tresa Sharon K.P. 28.61 39510 Roselin George 28.3 38911 Keerthan S. Menon 25.97 36512 Anjana R. 25.22 35313 Annette Augustus 22.93 32414 Megha Chandran 22.62 321

6 E l e c t r o V i s i o n

The students of Electronics And Communication Department secured the most number of

placements. Out of 117 eligible students of our department, 110 have been placed. This year,

many have been placed in dream companies like Verizon, Teminos, MuSigma, Envestnet.

Other recruiters are

• INFOSYS

• COGNIZANT

• WIPRO

• IBM

• STANDARDCHARTEDBANK

• HCL

• RUBYSOFTWARES

• SUTHERLAND


S T U D E N T A C H I E V E M E N T S

• IreneDias(S8ECAlpha)-GeneralSecretary(StudentCouncil2014-15)

• RahulMR(S8ECBeta)-UniversityUnionCouncil2014-15

• Sneha(S8ECBeta)

•CircuitDebugging(ChristKnowledgeCity) -First

•Extrinsicity(MEC) -First

•Circumstance(MEC) -Second

• Vinaya(S8ECBeta)

•CircuitDebugging(ChristKnowledgeCity) -First

•Extrinsicity(MEC) -First


• Sreedevi (S8ECBeta)-Extrinsicity(MEC) -First

• RegilTomCJ(S8ECBeta) -Circumstance(MEC) -Second

• RahulMR(S8ECBeta)

• IPLAuction(KidangoorEng.College) -First


• Nevin(S8ECBeta)-IPLAuction(KidangoorEng.College) -First

• SyamMohan(S8ECBeta)-IPLAuction(KidangoorEng.College) -First

• AswinMohan(S6ECAlph-NetShow&Contraption(CUSAT) -First

• BlessinK(S6ECAlpha)-SherlockHolmes(St.Gits) -First

• GeorgeJohn(S6ECAlpha)-SherlockHolmes(St.Gits) -First

M.G.UniversityRank

NishaAnnKurienofMTechVLSI&EmbeddedSystems

baggedsecondrankinMGuniveistyExamination

8 E l e c t r o V i s i o n

ALL INDIA RADIO, DEVIKULLAM - S6 EC ALPHA, BETAS4 ECE ALPHA - SFO TECHNOLOGIES,NEST

I N D U S T R I A L V I S I T S


S T U D E N T E N R I C H M E N T P R O G R A M S

MICROPROJECT

ANIEMARIYA(S4ECEALPHA)

We have conducted various student en-richment programmes in the junior class-es. Every week we have a period dedicat-ed for this. Variety of programmes aimed at the overall development and enrich-ment of students are carried out.

Group Discussions, quiz, debates areall regularly conducted. Technical topics were also included so as to provide the students with sound technical knowledge. We, the final semester students periodi-cally take seminars and lectures on ad-vancements in latest technologies. We take this opportunity to thank our juniors for their cooperation.

An educational yet fun experiment “CATCHTHELED”wasconducted inS4ECEαinaccordancewithELEC-TRONAUTS club activities. The game demanded very good concentration and precision to win.The circuit was set up using basic elec-tronic components such as 555 timer IC,CD4017decadecounter,resistors,potentiometers,capacitorsandLEDs.Atotalof10LEDswereusedoutofwhichonly one was green and the rest were red. The “mission” was to “catch” the greenLED.TheLEDswerearrangedserially with the green amidst the red. The circuit was designed so as to make the LEDs blink one after the other inan orderly manner. A rocker switch was employed to bring the circuit to a halt once it was flipped. A potentiometer was used to adjust the speed at which theLEDsblinked.Basedonthespeed

at which the circuit operated, four lev-els of difficulty were established – easy, medium, hard and crazy!!!CATCHTHELEDwasable tospreadawareness about the working of 555 timer IC,CD4017 IC andmany otherelectronic components among stu-dents. Everyone was granted a try and the extraordinary ones emerged victo-rious.

1 0 E l e c t r o V i s i o n

MICROPROJECT

NIZARPNAZEER(S4ECEBETA)

LASERTRIPWIREA simple yet effective circuit which detects any discontinuity with a laser beam being emitted on to the circuit.

Thecircuit involves555Timer,relay,LDRandotherbasicelectronic components.

A laserbeam isemittedonto theLDR .If anyobstruction isintroduced into the path of the laser it will trigger the monos-table circuit set for 7 seconds using 555 timer.The output of the monastable timer drives a relay which will turn on another 555 timer which is in astable configuration.The astable output of this timer is given to a buzzer so that it can make an alarm sound.

So when an obstruction is introduced into the laser path the alarm turns on and then after 7 seconds it automatically turns off.

This circuit is simple to setup such that the laser is always

pointed towards theLDR.Alsomirrorscanbeused tomakemultiple paths with a single laser.

The circuit is a solution for simple and cheap anti theft security.When the circuit is armed it will detect any unwanted move-ment and gives an alarm for 7 seconds which is enough to trouble a theft.

E l e c t r o V i s i o n 1 1

M Y E X P E R I E N C E W I T H R A J A G I R I

TOM,S4ECBETA

Having spent a year with our previous

mates and getting acquainted and then

suddenly being divided into branches did

take its tollon the62ofus thatmake

up ECE Beta. And as can be expected

we accepted the change and made new

friends.Eachandevery62ofushad

our own forte. Where some excelled in

studies, the others made their mark in

sports, cultural and the literary events.

And every small contribution made has

helped in preparing this years annual

report.S3withits6subjectsand2labs

wasaveryhectic6months.Butthrough

our jam packed schedule we managed to

enjoy the other activities in the college.

In august we had our college arts fest,

Bharatham2014.Manystudents from

our class had taken part in a wide variety

of events. And a healthy competition

was seen because at the end of the day

ECE Beta sticks together. We had also

managed to bag our fair share of prizes

with Riya Augustine winning a 2nd prize

in thiruvathira and Vidya C winning 3rd

in violin.

Then we had our 1st series exam of

S3. Sadly in comparison to ECE alpha

we had not put up a decent score level.

The end of series exams brought along

the onam celebrations. This was the

best time of the year and we thoroughly

enjoyed it. We wore traditional costumes.

Girlsinsarisandboysinmundu.Flower

carpetssadhya,vadamvali,aDJ,wedid

them all. After the onam vacation was the

techfestAbhiyanthriki2014.Wehadput

up a stall and had loads of fun playing

games.In all the hustle bustle we seemed

to not realise that our universities were

near. The exams passed in a blur and

soon we were returning back to college

tostartourS4.On19thJanuary2015our

S4started.Anothersetof6subjectsand

2 labs to tackle. But that dint stop us from

going for other activities like workshops,

tech fests and other competitions. Many

students from our class had participated

for various workshops. Sivapriya, Neema

ann,ShinuJosephandmanyotherspar-

ticipated in the workshop conducted on

Mozilla. They had given us an excit-

ing review about their time spent there.

Many of our students had also gone to

various places to take part for events.

Snehasabu,LakshmiR,Snehaboney,

KiranGeorge,Lisa,ManuRaveendran,

Mithun Mohan etc had all been a part of

it. Revathi from our class is a very good

runner.

Our class is also blessed with a lot of

singers. They are Shilpa Ann Shelton,

NeerajKrishnan,Vidya,Shwetha,Paul

Thomas,Zerin.Roswinwithhermono

act, Sanjay with his ability to mix music of

anykind,RiyaNoby,SwethaK.V.Reetha

with their dancing. All in all we have a

fully packed set of students. Riya had

performed for the college day. And she

had done exceptionally well. Shwetha

and vidya also has a very special talent.

Both of them plays the violin, queen

of instruments, verywell. Shilpa Lily,

Neema Ann along with Rosemary got

the honours as they had scored appre-

ciablegradesintheirfirstyear.Lislerhad

taken part in the NSS camp. Me, along

withKeerthi,Sandra,Revathi,Sindoora,

Meghna received full attendance award

on the college day. Our universities are

yet to come and we are preparing our-

selves. Hopefully our class would have

a full pass. Fingers crossed.

We would like to thank Tressa Ma’am ,our

class teacher, Dhanesh Sir,our associate

class teacher, and all the other teachers

who has taught us and is teaching us

for their constant support and mentor-

ing.LastbutnottheleastwethankGod

almighty for all the blessings we have

received.

Ece beta rocks !


H I G H E F F I C I E N C Y A L L T E R R A I N E X P L O R ATO RY R OV E R

VISHNU SASIDHARAN, VIVEKDHARMARAJAN,VIVEKHMENON,

VYSAKHSETHUMADHAVAN,S8ECBETA

We designed a research rover as our final

semester main project. An autonomous

robot is a robot that performs behaviours

or tasks with a high degree of auton-

omy, which is particularly desirable in

fields such as space exploration, clean-

ing floors, mowing lawns, waste water

treatment and delivering goods and ser-

vices. In our rover, the features of a mars

rover such as autonomous solar track-

ing, terrain adaption, methane detection,

autonomous rover traverse and precise

arm placement were implemented. The

solar tracking mechanism was imple-

mentedusinglightsensors(LDR)and

apanandtiltunit(PTU).

An OWI robotic arm controlled by an

Arduino board was also used. The robotic

arm consisting of the sample testing

sensors is controlled from the base station

itself. The communication between the

base station and the rover is done by RF

communication which is implemented

using Xbee. In the autonomous traverse

process the base station points the robot

to the target and the rover autonomously

moves to the target. A wireless camera

on the rover gives a live video feed to

the base station which enables autono-

mous navigation. The rover proceeds to

acquire science measurements with the

instrument. An accelerometer has been

incorporated into the system for control

of speed of the motors. As an additional

feature the rover also has the ability to

detect methane. MQ series sensors were

used to detect the presence of methane.


N A N O - P L A S M O N I C S

AMRUTHAMURALI(S8ECALPHA)

The transfer of information within a modern computer employs nanoscale metal wires. But they are restricted in terms of speed due to its resistance. Fiber optics use light to move information faster, but they require the critical dimensions, in size, to be at least half the wavelength of the light (larger thanthatofcurrentcom-mercialnanoscaleelectronics).

Plasmonics blend miniaturization and manufacturability with the high speed of optics. A plasmon is a quantum of plasma oscillation.

It can be considered as a quasi-particle since it arises from the quantization of plasma oscilla-tions. When light waves inter-act with electrons on a metal’s surface, strong fields with dimen-sions much lesser than the wave-length of the initial light can be obtained. These plasmons are now free to travel down nanoscale wires or metal gaps. This tech-nique is expected to enable com-puters to process data very much faster than today’s machines. NIST researcher Vladimir Aksyuk believes that the devices could be

shortenedbyafactorof10(scalingits footprint down by a factor of 100),basedontheircalculations.And as they get scaled down, more of them can be put on the same chip making practical real-ization possible.

Reference: www.nist.gov


Wireless communications has emerged as one of the largest sectors of the telecommunica-tions industry evolving from a niche business in the last decade to one of the most promising areas for growth in the 21st century[1]. The increasing demands for wire-less communication in consumer electronics applications, and per-sonal high-data-rate networks indicate a promising commercial potential. Throughput, reliability, service quality, and the ever-pres-ent availability of wireless services are more and more demanded. The number of devices based on multiple wireless standards and technologies will therefore sub-stantially grow in the future. Not only exciting progress but also new problems will be created with these increasingly widespread wireless communications [2].

Today, access to radio spectrum is difficult as it is restricted by a radio regulatory regime that emerged over the last one hundred years. Largepartsoftheradiospectrumare allocated to licensed radio ser-vices in a way that is referred to as command-and-control. Open access to most of the radio spec-trum is only permitted with very low transmission powers, in a so-called underlay sharing approach suchasUltraWideband(UWB)[2]. Unlicensed spectrum is a small fraction of the entire radio spectrum.

Video streaming over wireless networks is convincing for many applications, ranging from home entertainment to surveillance to search-and-rescue operations. Demands for such services are growing day by day. Limits tospectrum access and delayed spectrum access form the restrict-ing bottleneck that slows down the development of new radio ser-vices. Radio services can sub-stantially improve the health, safety, work environment, edu-cation and quality of leisure time of people. The expected growth in the number of radio devices based on multiple wireless stan-dards and technologies may be delayed with the existing limita-tions [2].

Dynamic spectrum access is widely proposed as a solution to this bottleneck. Dynamic spec-trum access refers to the time-varying, flexible usage of parts of the radio spectrum subject to regulatory and technical restric-tions. Implementation of cognitive capabilities on a software-defined radio will be capable of tapping the potential of dynamic spectrum access. It is an emerging wireless communication system today. It is also regarded as fifth generation (5G)mobilesystem.

2. Future trends in wireless communication

Future mobile terminals will be able to communicate with various heterogeneous systems which are different by means of the algo-rithms used to implement base-band processing and channel coding [3]. In order to overcome the spectrum scarcity to support all the incoming services, the communication terminals need to be intelligent enough to grab the spectrum opportunities. Current research is investigating different techniques of using a new type of radio to reuse locally unused spectrum so as to increase the total system capacity. They also aim to develop efficient algo-rithms to maximize the quality of service(QoS)for thesecondary(unlicensed)userswhileminimiz-ing the interference to the primary (licensed)users.Cognitiveradioshave been proposed as a mean to implement efficient reuse of the licensed spectrum. However, there are many challenges across all layers of a cognitive radio system design, from its application to its implementation[4].

2.1 Cognitive Radio

A cognitive radio is, “a radio that can change its transmitter param-eters based on interaction with the environment in which it operates.” Evolution of multi-band, multi-mode and multi-protocol radios has already contributed to the adoption of SDR technologies in

C o g n i t i ve R a d i o - a n ew Pa ra d i g m : C h a l l e n g e s a n d R e s e a rc h o p p o r t u n i t i e s

JAISONJACOB,HOD,ECE


various communications applica-tions. Dynamic frequency selection (DFS)andtransmitpowercontrol(TPC)illustratethedynamicandadaptive nature that software implementations bring to modern radio design. The key word now is flexibility based on software imple-mentation of radio functionality. With SDR as an implementation strategy,cognitiveradio(CR)hasbecome an emerging advanced radio technology that enables a radio device to monitor, sense, detect and autonomously adapt its channel access to the dynamic radiofrequency(RF)environmentin which it exists. In other words, CR devices can sense, detect, and monitor the surrounding RF conditions including interference and access availability and recon-figure their own operating char-acteristics to best match those conditions. A cognitive capability that can make real-time autono-mous decisions for radio opera-tions can increase spectrum effi-ciency leading to higher band-width services as well as reduce the burdens of centralized spec-trum management by public safety communications officials [5].

2.2 Challenges and Research opportunities

Introduction of this revolution-ary paradigm poses many chal-lenges across all layers of a cog-nitive radio system design like spectrum sensing, interference management, resource alloca-tion, RF design and implemen-tation issues[9].Themainchal-lenge of spectrum sensing is that each CR node will not be able to make a right decision on the spec-trum availability. All the CR nodes need not maintain line of sight,

and hence multipath fading and shadowing will affect the result of the single nodes decision. Another problem is that of the hidden ter-minal i.e. an undetectable termi-nal that will suffer as the result of any interference from the cogni-tivesystem[4].Thebiggestchal-lenge related to spectrum sensing is in developing sensing tech-niques which are able to detect very weak primary user signals while being sufficiently fast and low cost to implement.

Spectrum utilization can be improved by making a second-ary user access a spectrum hole unoccupied by the primary user at the right location and at the right time. In current cognitive radio protocol proposals, the device listens to the wireless channel and determines, either in time or in fre-quency, which part of the spec-trum is unused. It then adapts its signal to fill this void in the spec-trum domain. Thus, a device transmits over a certain time or frequency band only when no other user does [2]. Some recent studies[4]haveextendedthecog-nitive protocols to allow the cog-nitive users to transmit simultane-ously with the primary users in the same frequency band. This is the case at which we have to work on the interference management.

A primary technological concern in cognitive radio architectures, whether it is for wideband sensing procedures or wide band multi-band communication mecha-nisms is the ability to design linear and spectrally-agile com-ponents and architectures in the radio-frequency front-end of the transceiver. Designing the digital base band processing of such an

extremely agile system is a very challenging task. The required processing power is huge in most of thefunctionalunits.Likewise,the memory needs and band-widths are also usually very high. But the most difficult aspects are probably the partitioning of the system in hardware and software processing units, system integra-tion and design of the embedded software[4].

References

[1]. Theodore S. Rappaport, A. Annamalai, R. M. Buehrer, And William H. Trante , “Wireless Communications: Past Events And A Future Perspective ” , IEEE Communications Magazine, 50th Anniversary Commemorative Issue May 2002 .

[2]. Lars Berlemann, StefanMangold, “ Cognitive Radio and DynamicSpectrumAccess”JohnWileyandSons,Ltd,Publication,2009.

[3]. ITU-R, Circular letter 5/LCCE/2,Tech.Rep.,March2008.

[4]. A . Menoun i Haya r,R. Knopp and R. Pacalet,”Cognitive radio Research and Implementation Challenges” Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers , 2007 , Page(s):782-786.

[5]. BillLane,“CognitiveRadiofor Public Safety” Public Safety and Homeland Security Bureau , Federal communication commis-sion , http://transition.fcc.gov/pshs/techtopics


InternetofThings(IoT)isemergingasthenextbigdevelopment in Internet. IoT is regarded as the third wave of information technology after the Internet and mobile communication network.

IoT is the result of convergence of wireless technolo-gies,micro-electromechanicalsystems(MEMS)andthe Internet that enables objects, animals, plants or people to transfer/exchange data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.

UK-basedTechnologyStrategyBoard-IoTSpecialInterestGroupdescribesIoTas“arevolutionα..that is seeing a growing number of internet enabled devices that can network and communicate with each otherandwithotherweb-enabledgadgets.α.αastatewherethings(e.g.objects,environments,vehi-clesandclothing)willhavetheabilitytosense,com-municate, network and produce new information, becoming an integral part of the Internet.”

IoT provides an environment where devices that have the ability to sense, compute, act and thus intel-ligently become part of the Internet are connected

to a network. IoT provides a network of sensor- or radio-connected devices that can be uniquely iden-tified and located in cyber-physical space.

IoT enhances connectivity from “any-time, any-place for anyone” into “any-time, any-place for anything”.

According to International Telecommuncation Union (ITU),thefourdimensionsinIoTare:

•itemidentification(“taggingthings”)

•sensorsandwirelesssensornetworks(“feelingthings”)

•embeddedsystems(“thinkingthings”)

•nano-technology(“shrinkingthings”)

• The emergence of IoT involves 3 majordevelopments:

•Embeddedintelligence-embeddedsystemsthat

I o T

K.RAMAVARMA


E ve n t s @ E C Ecan perform actions automatically

•Connectivity–smartdevices/thingsthatareableto (wirelessly) connect to other devices/things(throughRFID,ZigBee,WiFietc.)

•Interaction–smartdevices/thingsthatareableto process and exchange information, take deci-sions, self-configure and self-maintain.

AccordingtoGartner,Inc.,aleadingITresearchand advisory company in the U.S.A.,

more than 30 billion connected devices will be in use across the world by 2020. Cisco puts the figure at 50 billion.

TheKeychallengeareasofIoTare:

•Privacy,IdentityManagement,Security,AccessControl

•StandardisationandInteroperability

•Datadeluge

•Powerconsiderations

Research opportunities related to IoT exist in wire-less sensor networks, communication protocols, low power devices, dat management, privacy and security management, standardization and interoperability.

Advanced communication lab in the pg block was blessedbyourdirectoron19thmarch2015

•FivedayTechnicalStaffDevelopmentProgramme: Itwasorganizedby thedepartment fromJanuary12-16,2015forthelabstaff.InaugurationwasdonebyShri.K.N.Sasikumar,JointDirector,DTE,Kalamassery.Around 25 lab faculty from various institutions

participated.


E ve n t s @ E C E

•Internaltalks:Talkon“Embeddedsystemdesign–arealistic approach by Tony M Puthussery was conducted on 12/01/2015

•WorkshoponVLSIDesign:December16-18,2014

The three-day workshop was devised with the inten-tionofenhancing theknowledge&skill in theareaofVLSIDesignamongfacultymembers,post-graduatestu-dents and Ph.D Scholars belonging to the discipline of Electronics&Communicationofvariousengineeringcol-leges. The number of participant registrations was limited to 30 for the smooth conduct of the workshop and there was a diverse mix of participants. There were lecture ses-sions by experts in the field as well as hands-on training sessionsintheOrCADVLSIdesigntoolsuite.

Theworkshopwasinauguratedon16thDecember,2014at9:00a.m.byRev.Dr.AntonyKariyilCMI,Director,RSET,who spoke about the harmonious co-existence of stabil-ity and change in any system which is not only applica-bletothesocietywelivein,butalsototheVLSIindustrytoday. The inaugural ceremony was attended by Dr. A. Unnikrishnan,Principal,RSET,Dr.JohnM.George,VicePrincipal,RSETandMr.JaisonJacob,HOD,DEC..ThekeynoteaddressthatfollowedwasdeliveredbyDr.JimsonMathew,onFault-Tolerance inVLSIsystemswhereheprovided insights into the relevance of the topic in the industry. He also brought forward many real-life exam-plesfromhisindustrialexperienceinthefieldofVLSIforbiomedical research. The talk was followed by a lecture sessiononCMOSfundamentalsbyDr.JobinK.Antony,Associate Professor, DEC, RSET, where the context for the workshop was clearly established. Ms. Nelin Mathew, Assistant Professor, DEC, RSET, in her talk, provided the essentialsrequiredforefficientRTLcoding,basedonheryearsofexperienceintheVLSIindustry,inthesessionthatfollowed. In the afternoon session led by Mr. Rony Antony, Assistant Professor, DEC, RSET, which was conducted in theShockleyLab,PGBlock,RSET,theOrCADCadencetool was first introduced to the participants. They were given practice sessions in the Virtuouso tool, on schematic creation, simulation and analyses of circuits.

On the second day, all the sessions were handled by resource persons from Entuple Technologies,

undertheleadershipofMr.VenugopalKulkarni.Thefore-

noon lecture session was based on fundamentals of digital electronics and modelling of semiconductor devices. The afternoon session was tool-oriented where the partici-pants were guided on how to put the theory discussed in the morning session to practice.

The final day of the workshop also had sessions by Entuple Technologies. In the forenoon lecture session, theory and lab sessions were conducted simultaneously. The first part of the afternoon session was hands-on tutorial based on circuit layout in Cadence. In the latter part of the session, ademonstrationofend-to-endVLSIdesign,startingfromRTLcodingtorouting,placementand layoutwascon-ducted. At the end of the session, feedback was collected from the participants and a good response was received. The workshop concluded with certificates distributed by Dr. A. Unnikrishnan, Principal, RSET in the presence of Mr.JaisonJacob,HOD,DEC,attheendoftheday.

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