E content for B.Sc. Geology (Hons.) Part-III Sedimentary ... · Erosional Sedimentary Structures....
Transcript of E content for B.Sc. Geology (Hons.) Part-III Sedimentary ... · Erosional Sedimentary Structures....
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AKHILESHWAR TIWARI
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
E content for B.Sc. Geology (Hons.) Part-III
Sedimentary Petology
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Sedimentary Petrology
Erosional Sedimentary Structures
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Erosional Sedimentary Structures
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The pre-depositional structures are formed before the deposition of the overlying beds. The structure occur on the surface between beds.
The bed forms in cohesive sediments are cut by the erosive effect of turbulent fluid with or without entrained sediment grains.
The most familiar erosional structures are
1. Sole marks –➢Scour marks &
➢ Flute marks,
2. Tool marks.
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Sole marks are characteristically theproduct of environment with episodicsedimentation.
Prolonged deposition of muds ispunctuated by sudden influx of coarsersediments in event comprising an early erosivephase and an immediate succeedingdepositional phase.
Most common event generating such bedsare turbidity current.
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SOLE MARKS
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Nomenclature for sole marks
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Scour Marks
Scour marks are distinguished by their
➢Generally smooth shape, and
➢ Streamlined appearance.
On the basis of shape can be grouped as
i. Obstacle scour,
ii. Flutes,
iii. Longitudinal scour.
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i. Obstacle scour
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ii. Flutes
They are discontinuous elongated hollows.
Often described as hell shaped consisting ofrounded upstream end, which flaresdownstream and merges into bedding plane.
In section they are asymmetrical withdeepest part at the upstream end. Commonlyrange in length from 5- 50 cm, in width from 1-20 cm, and in depth up to 10 cm.
Formed by localised erosion by eitherturbidity current or sand laden current movingover cohesive mud surface
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Flutes
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iii. Longitudinal scour - occurs as closely spaced parallel ridges and furrows
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Tool marks-Produced by objects carried by flow interacting
with bed rather than flow itself.
The are of two types
➢ Continuous-
i. Groove marks
ii. Cheveron marks
➢ Discontinuous-
i. Bounce and Prod marks,
ii. Skip marks
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Groove marks- continuous,elongated ridge, occur inisolation or in parallel groups,result from infilling oferosional relief by someobjects dragged by a current.
Cheveron marks – linear zoneof v-shaped crenulation ,consistently close in onedirection, 2-3 cm wide, reliefis generally less than 5cm.
Bounce marks – low approach angle, digs gently
Prod marks – larger impactangle, digs deeply to leave ablunt nose at the downstream end.
Skip marks – series of similarbounce marks arrangedlinearly.
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Groove marks
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Chevron marks
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Bonce Marks and Groove marks
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Prod marks and flute casts
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Skip marks