BUSINESSTECHNOLOGY

SOCIETY

E-COMMERCE

Business

Internet advertising growth resumes, at a faster rate than traditional advertising.

Social marketing/advertising grows faster than search or display advertising.

E-books finally take off and expand the market for text, supported by the iPad, Kindle, Nook, and iPhone.

New mobile payment platforms emerge to challenge PayPal.

Technology

Smartphones, tablets, and e-book readers, along with associated software applications, and coupled with 3G/4G cellular network expansion, fuel rapid growth of the mobile platform.

Cloud-based streaming services for music and video replace sales of downloads and physical product.

Nearly a million software apps fuel growth in app sales, marketing, and advertising; transforming software production and distribution.

Society

The mobile, “always on” culture in business and family life continues to grow.

Venture capital investing in e-commerce explodes for social, mobile, and local software applications.

CHAPTER 1

Introduction to E-commerce

Facebook: The New face of E-commerce

800 million active users.People spend over 700 billion minutes per

month on the site.Facebook is the world’s LARGEST online

social network.Facebook is positioning itself as the

embodiment of a new kind of e-commerce called “social e-commerce”.

So what is “social e-commerce?”

Its more than just showing ads for products and having users click their way off-site to purchase something.

Its more than companies having Facebook pages where they promote their wares.

Its more than a search engine displaying ads.

“IT IS ALL THESE THINGS”

E-commerce

The use of the Internet and the Web to transact business.

More formally, digitally enabled commercial transactions between and among organizations and individuals.

Internet – is a world-wide network of computer networks, and the Web is one of the Internet’s most popular services, providing access to billion of Web pages.

World Wide Web Pages.– the most popular service that runs on the Internet; provides easy access to

Digitally enabled transactions – include all transactions mediated by digital technology.

Commercial transactions – involve the exchange of value (e.g., money) across organizational or individual boundaries in return for products and services.

E-commerce vs. E-business

“E-commerce encompasses the entire world of electronically based organizational activities that support a firm’s market exchanges-including a firm’s entire information system’s infrastructure.” –(Rayport & Jaworski, 2003)

“E-business encompasses the entire world of internal and external electronically based activities, including e-commerce.” – (Kalakota & Robinson, 2003)

E-business

The digital enabling of transactions and processes within a firm, involving systems under the control of the firm.

E-business does not include commercial transactions involving an exchange of value across organizational boundaries. Ex. A company’s online inventory control mechanisms

Eight Unique Features of E-commerce Technology

1. Ubiquity2. Global reach3. Universal standards4. Richness5. Interactivity6. Information density7. Personalization/Customization8. Social technology

Ubiquity

Internet/Web technology is available everywhere: at work, at home, and elsewhere via mobile devices, anytime.

The marketplace is extended beyond traditional boundaries and is removed from a temporal and geographic location. “Marketspace” is created; shopping can take place anywhere. Customer convenience is enhanced, and shopping costs are reduced.

Marketplace – physical space you visit in order to transact. Marketspace – marketplace extended beyond traditional boundaries

and removed from a temporal and geographical location.

Global reach

The technology reaches across national boundaries, around the Earth.

Commerce is enabled across cultural and national boundaries seamlessly and without modification. “Marketspace” includes potentially billions of consumers and millions of businesses worldwide.

Reach – the total number of users or customers an e-commerce business can obtain.

Universal standards

There is one set of technology standards, namely Internet standards.

There is a common, inexpensive, global technology foundation for businesses to use.

Universal standards – standards that are shared by all nations around the world.

Richness

Video, audio, and text messages are possible.Video, audio, and text marketing messages

are integrated into a single marketing message and consuming experience.

Richness – the complexity and content of a message.

Interactivity

The technology works through interaction with the user.

Consumers are engaged in a dialog that dynamically adjusts the experience to the individual, and makes the consumer a co-participant in the process of delivering goods to the market.

Interactivity – technology that allows for two-way communication between merchant and consumer.

Information density

The technology reduces information costs and raises quality.

Information processing, storage, and communication costs drop dramatically, while currency, accuracy, and timeliness improve greatly. Information becomes plentiful, cheap, and available.

Information density – the total amount and quality of information to all market participants.

Price transparency – refers to the ease with which the consumers can find out the variety of prices in a market.

Cost transparency – refers to the ability of consumers to discover the actual costs merchants pay for products.

Personalization/Customization

The technology allows personalized messages to be delivered to individuals as well as groups.

Personalization of marketing messages and customization of products and services are based on individual characteristics.

Personalization – the targeting of marketing messages to specific individuals by adjusting the message to a person’s name, interest and past purchases.

Customization – changing the delivered product or service based on a user’s preferences or prior behavior.

Social technology

User content generation and social networks.New internet social and business models

enable user content creation and distribution, and support social networks.

Types of E-commerce

Classified by market relationship1. Business-to-Consumer (B2C) E-commerce2. Business-to-Business (B2B) E-commerce3. Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) E-commerce

Classified by technology used4. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) E-commerce5. Mobile Commerce (M-commerce)

Business-to-Consumer (B2C) E-commerce

Online businesses selling to individual consumers.

Online businesses attempt to reach individual consumers. Seven different B2C business models:

Portals Online retailers Content providers Transaction brokers Market creators Service providers Community providers

The Growth of B2C E-commerceFigure 1.3

SOURCES: Based on data from eMarketer, Inc., 2011a; authors’ estimates.

Business-to-Business (B2B) E-commerce

Online businesses selling to other businesses.It is the largest form of e-commerce in which

businesses focus on selling to other businesses.

Two primary business models used within the B2B arena: New marketplaces – which include e-distributors, e-

procurement companies, exchanges and industry consortia.

Private industrial networks.

The Growth of B2B E-commerceFigure 1.4

SOURCES: Based on data from U.S. Census Bureau, 2011b; authors’ estimates.

Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) E-commerce

Consumers selling to other consumers.It provides a way for consumers to sell to ach

other, with the help of an online market maker such as the auction site eBay.

The consumer prepares the product fro market, places the product for auction or sale, and relies on the market maker to provide catalog, search engine, and transaction-clearing capabilities so that products can be easily displayed, discovered, and paid for.

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) E-commerce

Use of peer-to-peer technology, which enables internet users to share files and computer resources directly without having to go through a central Web server, in e-commerce.

P2P networks make money by encouraging a very large audience of Internet users to share files, and in the process, expose the audience to advertising messages.

Mobile Commerce (M-commerce)

Use of wireless digital devices to enable transactions in the Web.

M-commerce involves the use of wireless networks to connect laptops, netbooks, smartphones such as iPhone, Android, and Blackberry, and iPads to the Web.

The Internet

Worldwide network of computer networks built on common standards

Created in late 1960s

Services include the Web, e-mail, file transfers, etc.

Can measure growth by looking at number of Internet hosts with domain names

The Growth of the Internet, Measured by Number of Internet Hosts with Domain Names

Figure 1.2

SOURCE: Internet Systems Consortium, Inc., 2011.

The Web

Most popular Internet serviceDeveloped in early 1990sProvides access to Web pages

HTML documents that may include text, graphics, animations, music, videos

Web content has grown exponentially Google reports 1 trillion unique URLs; 120 billion

pages indexed

Early Visions of E-commerce

Computer scientists: Inexpensive, universal communications and computing

environment accessible by all

Economists: Nearly perfect competitive market;

friction-free commerce Lowered search costs, disintermediation, price

transparency, elimination of unfair competitive advantage

Entrepreneurs: Extraordinary opportunity to earn far above normal returns

on investment—first mover advantage