MATERIALS SCIENCEMATERIALS SCIENCE&&

ENGINEERING ENGINEERING

Anandh Subramaniam FB408, Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE)

Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur- 208016Phone: (+91) (512) 259 7215, Fax: (+91) (512) 259 7505Email: anandh@iitk.ac.in, URL: home.iitk.ac.in/~anandh

AN INTRODUCTORY E-BOOKAN INTRODUCTORY E-BOOK

Kantesh BalaniDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE)

Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur- 208016Phone: (+91) (512) 259 6194, Fax: (+91) (512) 259 7505

Email: kbalani@iitk.ac.in, URL: http://home.iitk.ac.in/~kbalani/

Kindly send your comments and feedback for

improvement at this email address

Funded by MHRD, Govt. of India through NMEICT

Proj

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ion

A Learner’s GuideA Learner’s Guide

MATERIALS SCIENCEMATERIALS SCIENCE&&

ENGINEERING ENGINEERING

A Learner’s GuideA Learner’s Guide

Anandh SubramaniamKantesh Balani

MHRD, Govt. of India through NMEICT

ToMy Parents&My Daughter Luminaa

Though the reader can consult the following books; the contents of the e-book course may often differ in the rigour and details from these and other books.

Basic References

Materials Science and Engineering (5th Edition) V. Raghavan Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2004.

Callister's Materials Science and Engienering William D Callister (Adapted by R. Balasubramaniam) Wiley Inida (P) Ltd., 2007.

The Science and Engineering of Materials Donald. R. Askeland & Pradeep Phulé Cengage Learning, 2006.

Click here Slide 6: Jump to Navigator Page

Click here Slide 8: Jump to Hyperlink Library

For Contents

Click here Video library: Jump to Video/Graphics Library

Introduction to diverse kinds of engineering materials Overview of what determines the properties of materials and how we engineer

them Structure of materials and various lengthscales: crystal structure, electromagnetic

structure, defect structure, microstructure… Stability and metastability of materials: the thermodynamics and kinetics The tools used in materials science: x-ray diffraction, phase diagrams, TTT

diagrams… Properties of materials: elasticity, plasticity, fracture, fatigue, creep, conduction,

magnetism…

What will you learn?What will you learn?

This ebook hopefully will prove an invaluable guide to a ‘learner of materials science & engineering’(Credits, Syllabus, Marks… are just incidental!)

“A teacher’s job is to uncover and not cover the syllabus”- Richard M Felder

Click here to take a diagnostic test to see if you are ready for this course!

The contents have been developed such that most of the material is in the form of figures, flow charts, video graphics and less is in the form of text. Hence, instead of saying happy reading we wish you happy viewing!

Guidelines to Readers

Instruction for viewing Using Powerpoint files (.ppt). Click on the relevant hyperlink on the Navigator page.

In the PowerPoint presentations Right Click on the Menu bar to launch the web toolbar (you can use this to navigate back and forth)

Using .pdf (Portable Document Format) files. Adobe Acrobat Reader- freeware (http://get.adobe.com/uk/reader/) will be required for this purpose.

Using Open Office. Powerpoint (.ppt) and Open Office Presentation (.odp) files can be opened with Open Office (http://download.openoffice.org/).

VIEWING POWERPOINT FILES Start with the PowerPoint files by double clicking on any file. To start PowerPoint (PPT) presentation from the first slide press F5 To start PowerPoint (PPT) presentation from the current slide press Shift + F5 To scroll down slides use Page Down or Text hyperlinks are underlined in blue colour

OTHER TIPS IN VIEWING Text boxes and figures may also be hyperlinked

(curser has to be placed on the item to see that it is hyperlinked- arrow will change into a hand()) Some of the hyperlinks may have screen tips place curser on the hyperlink to see tip If you want to open a hyperlink as a separate presentation Click on the hyperlink If you want to open a hyperlink within the current window in the current presentation

press Control + Click on the hyperlink (this will work if you have launched the PPT file directly by double clicking) From a 'hyperlinked presentation' to come back to the main presentation press Esc

Note on accompanying videos At various places in the chapters there are hyperlinks to videos (.mpg) files → to view these you will need an

appropriate viewer (e.g. windows media player). (.gif graphics will directly play inside .ppt) A listing of these videos is given in the video_library.ppt Though the chapters are complete in themselves with figures, these videos give ‘classroom style’ explanation of

concepts using models.

A note on the platform chosen for presentation Windows (XP) based applications have been used to develop the course material.

These include: Word, Excel and Powerpoint (2003 versions) Users of Linux and other platforms may use the pdf version of the Word and Powerpoint files.

Additionally, students not having access to Microsoft Office may use the OpenOffice freeware to open the MS office files: http://www.openoffice.org/ (download and install: http://download.openoffice.org/)(there might be some losses in conversion- which is usually not major if Office 2003 is used along with Open Office 3.1)

Since concepts are presented in presentation mode,READ EVERY LINE AND EVERY WORD…

The following hyperlinks are to file-wise substructure. Content-wise substructure will appear in respective chapters.The following hyperlinks are to file-wise substructure. Content-wise substructure will appear in respective chapters.

1. CHAPTER 1: Introduction1.1 Introduction to Materials1.2 Hierarchy of Lengthscales

2. CHAPTER 2: Equilibrium and Kinetics 2.1 Thermodynamics2.2 Kinetics

3. CHAPTER 3: Crystal Geometry3.1 Overview, Geometry of Crystals3.2 Miller Indices3.3 X-ray Diffraction

4. CHAPTER 4: Structure of Solids4.1 Metallic Solids4.2 Ionic and Covalent Solids

5. CHAPTER 5: Crystal Imperfections 5.1 Overview5.2 Point Defects (0D)5.3 Dislocations (1D)5.4 Two Dimensional and Volume Defects (3D)

6. CHAPTER 6: Phase Diagrams Phase Diagrams Detailed

7. CHAPTER 7: Diffusion in Solids

8. CHAPTER 8: Phase Transformations Surface Energy and Surface Tension Heat Treatment

Solidification, Crystallization and Glass Transition Recovery, Recrystallization and Grain Growth

9. CHAPTER 9: Mechanical Behaviour of Materials5.1 Introduction 5.2 Elasticity5.3 Plasticity5.4 Creep5.5 Fracture5.6 Fatigue

10. CHAPTER 10: Electrical Conductivity

11. CHAPTER 11: Semiconductors

11. CHAPTER 12: Magnetic Materials

The course contents are extensive in some places and instructors may want to reduce the content in some topics.

Instructors may download the appropriate files and delete the portion not needed. This will help tailor the contents for any specific syllabus or need. (I.e. you can copy left, right and centre!!).

If you still want to cite you can use the following: MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING: A Learner’s Guide, Anandh Subramaniam, http://home.iitk.ac.in/~anandh/E-book.htm.

Any feedback or comments on improvement from instructors and students alike would be highly appreciated (anandh@iitk.ac.in).

Kindly take time out ask yourself and me questions: “a well phrased question is half the answer in itself”.

Guidelines to Teachers & Instructors

Hyperlink library

close_packed_crystals.ppt

connection_between_symmetry_and_geometry.ppt

constructive_interference.ppt

defect_association.ppt

defect_in_defect.ppt

dislocation_stress_fields.ppt

from_L+M_SG.ppt

Graphene_crystal.ppt

HCP.ppt

ionicity_of_bond.ppt

lattice.ppt

Laue_picture.ppt

line_broadening.ppt

magnetic_groups.ppt

Making_crystals.ppt

models_for_crystal_structures.ppt

Motifs.ppt

mystry_missing_lattices.ppt

other_signals_xray.ppt

parallopiped_space_filling.ppt

bonding_and_properties.ppt

ordered_structures.ppt

Basics_of_Thermodynamics.ppt

interfaces.ppt

peierls_stress.ppt

Hyperlink library continued…

proof_rotations_crystal.ppt

reciprocal_lattice.ppt

simple_to_complex_crystal_structures.ppt

space.ppt

structure_factor_calculations.ppt

symmetry.ppt

Symmetry_create_1D_lattice.ppt

symmetry_of_solids.ppt

UC_OR_lattice.ppt

Understanding_stress.ppt

unit_cell.ppt

video_library.ppt

weak_interactions.ppt

XRD_lattice_parameter_calculation.ppt

size_factor_compounds.pptvoids_in_crystals.ppt

Quasicrystals.ppt

sublattice.ppt

XRD_sample_patterns.ppt

Point_groups_detailed.ppt

MHRD is acknowledged for funding for the project via the NMEICT. I thank Prof. Rajesh Prasad (Applied Mechanics, IIT Delhi) for his ‘fundas’ and

teaching style. I thank all my students who have motivated me to make continuous improvement to

the book. [Kindly help by pointing out mistakes and suggestions for improvement].

I am sincerely indebted to all the feedback, queries, encouragement and kudos* I have received from across the globe (few are as below).

Ack

now

ledg

men

ts

* Kudos: From Greek meaning acclaim or praise.

Please accept my congrads for your excellent lectures notes provided in your webpage. I have addressed them to students who need rich and training metallurgical materials. I was wondering if you intend to add the lecture notes on Dislocations and Plasticity topic? if not, any chance that I can have the same? Good luck,Ahmad Rezaeian, Research Associate at McGill University in Canada.

I found your talk "Voids in crystals" in the internet and it seems impressive for me. Is it possible to get the referred movies? Frank Rietz, University Magdeburg & Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization Göttingen, Germany.

I teach an undergraduate course in Materials Science at Vanderbilt University. I ran into a powerpoint of yours that describes octahedral and tetrahedral voids. I would be grateful if I may use them ONLY for the edification of my students.Ashok Choudhury, Ph.D., CLP, Sr. Licensing Officer, Adjunct Professor of Materials Science and Engineering,, Center for Technology Transfer and Commercialization, Vanderbilt University, USA.

My name is Shachar Richter from Tel Aviv University, I am teaching a surface science course and would like to ask you to use one of your ppt files related to 2D Bravis lattices for this course, BestShachar, Center for Nano Science and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.

This past semester, I used a couple slides from your webpage as a tutorial. Namely,  the ones on diffusion and crystal structures. They were really helpful for my teaching practices.  Thank you for putting efforts into making them. I am sure a lot of students all over the world are finding them helpful. Yours sincerely, Sanket Sunil Navale, Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA.