E. Bergshoeff and M. Vasiliev- The super-W-Infinity (lambda) algebra

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    Volume 256, number 2 PHYSICS LETTERS B 7 March 1991

    Th e super-W (2) a lgebraE . B e r g s h o e f f , M . V a s i l i e v 1Theory Division, CE RN , C H-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland

    an d

    B . de WitInstitute for Theoretical Physics, University o f Utrecht, Princetonplein 5, NL-358 4 CC Utrecht, T he Netherlands

    Received 27 November 1990

    We present the su per-W ~ (2) algebra, an extension o f the V irasoro algebra that contains operators of all spins s >/ and depend son an arbitrary parameter 2. It encomp asses all previously known versions of W ~-type algebras as special cases. We discuss variousproperties and truncations of the algebra and present a realization in terms o f the currents o f a supersymmetric bc system.

    R e c e n t l y e x t e n s io n s o f t h e V i r a s o r o a l g e b ra t h a t c o n t a i n g e n e r a t o r s o f h i g h e r s p i n h a v e b e e n s t u d i e d i n t e n s e l yf r o m a v a r i e t y o f v i e w p o i n t s [ 1 - 6 ] . O n e c l a s s o f s u c h a l g e b r a s c o n s i s t s o f t h e W N a l g e b r a s [ 1 ,2 ] , w h i c h i n v o l v eg e n e r a t o r s o f s p i n s ~< N . A n o t h e r c l a s s c o n t a i n s a l g e b r a s w i t h a n i n f i n i t e n u m b e r o f h ig h e r - s p i n g e n e r a t o r s , w h i c hw i ll b e g e n e r ic a l ly d e n o t e d a s W ~ a l g eb r a s [ 3 - 5 ] . T h e s e W ~ a l g eb r a s a r is e a s N - - , ~ l im i t s o f W N . S u c h l i m i tsw e r e s t u d i e d i n r ef s . [ 3 , 6 ] . R a t h e r t h a n t a k i n g e x p l i c it l i m i t s o n e c a n a l s o d i r e c t l y s t u d y t h e s t r u c t u r e o f t h e W ~ -t y p e a l ge b r as . T h i s w a s t h e a p p r o a c h f o l l o w e d i n re fs . [ 4 , 5 ] , w h e r e t w o p a r t i c u l a r W ~ - t y p e a l g e b ra s w e r e c o n -s t r u c t e d . T h e c o n t r a c t i o n o f t h e s e a l g e b r a s l e a d s t o t h e s o - c a l le d w oo a l g e b r a f o u n d i n r e f. [ 3 ] , w h i c h i s r e l a t e dt o t h e a r e a- p r e s e r v i n g d i f f e o m o r p h i s m s o f a c y li n d e r .

    A l g e b r a s c o n t a i n i n g a n i n f in i t e n u m b e r o f h i g h e r - s p in g e n e r a t o r s h a v e a l so b e e n s t u d i e d i n t h e c o n t e x t o fh i g h e r - s p i n g a u g e t h e o r i e s i n 3 + 1 d i m e n s i o n s [ 8 ] . S i m i la r a l g e b ra s h a v e b e e n u s e d i n r e f. [ 9 ] t o c o n s t r u c th i g h e r - s p i n t h e o r i e s i n 2 + 1 d i m e n s i o n s . F u r t h e r m o r e , h i g h e r - sp i n a l g e b r a s o c c u r i n t h e d e s c r i p t io n o f r el a ti v -i s ti c ( s u p e r ) m e m b r a n e s w h e r e t h e y a r e r e la t e d t o t h e r e s i d u al s y m m e t r y i n t h e li g h t -c o n e g au g e [ 1 0 ] . A l t h o u g ht h e a l g e b r a s o f re f s. [ 9 , 1 0 ] a r e n o t W o o a l g e b r a s ( t h e y d o n o t c o n t a i n t h e V i r a s o r o a l g e b r a a s a s u b a l g e b r a ) , t h e yd o o c c u r a s s u b a l g e b r a s o f W o o a l g e b r as .

    I n t h is l e t t er w e p r e s e n t a o n e - p a r a m e t e r f a m i l y o f s u p er a l g eb r a s , c a l l ed s u p e r - W ~ ( 2 ) , e x t e n s i o n s o f th e s u p e r -V i r a s o r o a l g e b ra t h a t i n v o l v e o p e r a t o r s o f s p i n s /> . E a c h s u p e r - W ~ ( 2 ) a l g e b ra c o n t a i n s W ~ ( 2 ) ~ W ~ ( 2 + ~ )a s it s b o s o n i c s u b a l g eb r a . T h e s u p e r - W ~ ( 2 ) a l g e b ra p r o v i d e s a c o m m o n f r a m e w o r k f o r s tu d y i n g a ll Wo o a lg e -b r a s . W h i l e f o r t h e b o s o n i c c a s e t h e W o o ( 2 ) a l g e b r a m a y b e v i e w e d a s a re w r i t i n g o f th e W ~ ( a l g e b r a i n a o n e -p a r a m e t e r f a m i l y o f b a s e s [ 4 , 5 ] , t h e s u p e r - W ~ ( 2 ) i s n e w . F o r m a l l y a ll s u p e r - W ~ (2 ) a r e i s o m o r p h i c , b u t c o n -s i s te n t t r u n c a t i o n s o f t h e a l g eb r a r e q u i r e p a r t i c u l a r v a lu e s f o r 2 . W i t h i n t h e f r a m e w o r k o f t h e s u p e r - W ~ ( 2 )a l g e b ra o n e c a n c l a r if y th e n a t u r e o f t h e v a r i o u s t r u n c a t i o n s o f th e a l g e b r a a n d e l u c i d a te s o m e o f th e r e s u lt sf o u n d p r e v i o u s l y f r o m a d i f f e r e n t p e r s p e c t i v e . I n p a r t i c u l a r , w e w i l l s h o w h o w t o o b t a i n t h e W o o a l g e b r a s o f r e fs .

    Permanent address: Theoretical Department, P.N . Lebedev Institute, A cademy of Sciences of the U SSR, Leninsky prospect 53, SU-117 924 Moscow , USSR .0370-2693/91/$ 03.50 1991 - Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. ( North-Holland ) 19 9

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    Volume 256, numb er 2 PHYSICS LETTERS B 7 March 1991[ 4 ,5 ,1 1 ] . W e i n t e n d t o f u r t h e r e x p l o r e t h e p r o p e r t i e s o f t h e s up er- W o~ (2 ) a l g e b r a s in a f u t u r e c o m m u n i c a t i o n[ 1 2 ] . H e r e w e c o n f i n e o u r s e l v e s t o a p r e s e n t a t i o n o f o u r m a i n r e su l t s.

    W e n o w p r o c e e d a n d p r e s e n t a r e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f t h e s u p e r- W o ~ ( 2 ) a l g e b r a. T h e r e s u l ts f o r th e b o s o n i c W oo ( 2 )a l g e b r a s a r e t h u s i n c l u d e d a s a s u b c as e . O u r s t a r t i n g p o i n t i s th e e x p r e s s i o n f o r th e g e n e r a t o r s o f t h e s u p e r -V i r a s o r o a l g eb r a ac t in g o n s u p e rf i el d s , fu n c t i o n s o f a c o m m u t i n g a n d a n a n t i c o m m u t i n g c o o r d i n a t e , z a n d 0 ,w i t h c o n f o r m a l w e i g h t 2 . T h e y r e a dL n = z - n+ l O - 2 ( n - 1 ) z - ~ - ( n - 1 ) z - " O ~ , G , = [ z - '+ 1 / 20 - -2 ( 2r -- 1 )z -r -l /2 ] O w z -r + l/ 2 aO-~' ( 1 )w h e r e 8 = d / d z . T h e s c g e n e r a t o r s s a ti s f y h e ( a n t i ) c o m m u t a t i o n r e l a t i o ns[ Lm , L ~ l = ( m - n ) L m + , , [ L m , G , l = ( m - r )G m + r , { G r , G s }= 2 L r+ ,. ( 2 )I n t h e N e v e u - S c h w a r z s e c t o r w h e r e t h e i n d i c e s r , s t a k e h a l f -i n t e g e r v a l u e s t h e r e i s a f in i t e o s p ( 1 , 2 ) s u b a l g e b r ag e n e r a t e d b y L o, L a n d G+ 1/2.

    M o t i v a t e d b y t h e s e e x p r e s s i o n s w e t h e n c o n s t r u c t t h e c o m p l e t e s e t o f o p e r a t o r s t h a t a r e e x p re s s i b l e i n t e r m so f p o s i t i v e p o w e r s o f d e r i v a t i v e s 0, a r b i t r a r y p o w e r s o f z a n d t h e f e r m i o n i c c o o r d i n a t e a n d i t s d e r i v a t i v e . As u i t a b l e b a s is i s f o u n d b y c l a s s i fy i n g t h e s e g e n e r a t o r s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e i r m a x i m a l p o w e r s - 1 o f 0 , a n d r e q u i r i n gt h a t t h e y t r a n s f o r m a c c o r d i n g to a p p r o p r i a t e n o n d e c o m p o s a b l e r e p r e s e n t a ti o n s o f s l ( 2 ) . H e n c e s t a k e s p o s i ti v ei n t e g e r v a l u e s ( s~ > 1 ) , so t h a t t h e b o s o n i c o p e r a t o r s c a r r y s p i n s a n d t h e f e r m i o n i c o p e r a t o r s s p i n s - . A s t h e r ei s a t w o - f o l d d e g e n e r a c y f o r e a c h s p i n ( e x c e p t f o r s p i n ~ ) w e d e c o m p o s e t h e o p e r a t o r s i n t o s u p e r m u l t i p l e t s . T h er e s u l t i n g e x p r e s s i o n s a r e

    S - - I . ~ s - - 1L ~ ) + = ~ a ~ ( s , 2 ) z -" + ~ 0 '+ 0 - - ~ [ a ~ (s , 2 + ) - a ~ ( s , 2 ) ] z - ~+ ~ 0~i=o O0 ~=o 'L~ S ) _ s - 1 + 2 2 s -I 2 ) z _ n + i , 0 s -I { s - 2 2 i 2 += - 2 s - ~ ,=oEa ~ ( s , O + 0 - - 0 0 i = o E-s-s-s-s-s-s-s-s-s~a,(, 1 ) + _

    s 0 s - - 2G(r )+ = 0 E l o L i( s, 2 )Z - r + i - l ] 2 O-~- - ~ E J ~ ( s , 2 ) Z - r + i + l / 2 o i ,i = 0 i = 0

    w h e r e t h e c o e f f i c i e n t s a r e d e f i n e d b ya i (s , 2 ) = a i (s , 2 ) ( n - s + l ) s _ i _ l , a f (s , 2 ) = a i ( s , 2 ) ( r - s + 3 ) s _ i _ l ,w i t h

    s - 1 + 2 2 a ~ ( s , 2 ) ' ] z -n+i 02 s - 1 ](3 )

    /3~(s, 2) =Hi(s, 2) (r-s+-32),_~_2, ( 4 )

    a i( s '2 )= (s - - i l ) (--22--S+2)'--i--l(s+i),_~_lf li (S ' 2 ) = (S -- i 2 ) ( - 2 2 - s + 2)s-~-2H e r e w e m a d e u s e o f t h e d e f i n i t io n

    ( 0 ~ < i ~ < s - 1 ) , ai( s, 2 )= (s -i l) ( - 2 2 - s + 2)'-i-1-(~~ ( 0 ~ < i ~ < s - 1 ) ,

    ( 0 ~ < i ~ < s - 2 ) . ( 5 )

    F ( a + n )( a ) , = - - = a ( a + l ) ( a + 2 ) .. . ( a + n - 1 ) , w i t h ( a ) o = l . ( 6 )F ( a )O n e e a s i ly v e r i f ie s t h a t L ( 2) + a n d G ~ 2)+ c o i n c i d e w i t h t h e s u p e r - V i r a s o r o g e n e r a t o r s d e f i n e d a b o v e ( c f. ( 1 ) ) .

    T h e s l ( 2 ) t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s o f th e o p e r a t o r s ( 3 ) a r e g o v e r n e d b y t h e i r c o m m u t a t o r s w i t h L 0 a n d L _+ l. T h ei n d i c e s n a n d r d e n o t e t h e w e i g h t w i t h r e s p e c t t o L o ( i . e. , [ L o, A n] = - nXn) , w h i l e t h e re m a i n i n g c o m m u t a t i o nr e l a t i o n s a r e2 0 0

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    Vol ume 256 , num ber 2 P HYS ICS L E T T E RS B 7 M arch 1991

    [ L l L ~ ) ] - - ( - n + s - - l ~ r ~ ) + - [ L x , G ( S ) _ + ] = ( ~ 3 ~ ( s )_ +- ~ o - - 2 / ~ r + l~ n + l ,J - 3 ~ { 7 ( s ) + 7 )[ L _ I , L ~ s)+ - ] = ( - - n - - s + ' l ) L n _ f ' T ( s ) , [L_I ' G ~ S ) + _ ] = ( _ r _ s _ _ ~ l ~ r _ f .

    F u r t h e r m o r e t h e o p e r a t o r s ( 3 ) w e r e d e f i n e d s u c h t h a t ( L ~ ) + , G ~ ) + ) a n d ( L ~ ) - ,v ,c ;- s+ ~ - j~ c o r r e s p o n d t o s p i n( s , s - a n d ( s , s + 21 ) s u p e r m u l t i p l e t s , r e s p e c t i v e l y . T h i s c a n b e s e e n f r o m[G+l /2 , l ,~s )+] = - ( m - s + l ~ s ) + [G + I /2 ,L ~) - ] ---m+~s+l)-l/2m I ' J m + l / 2 ,{G+I/2, c ( s )+ l_g l ( s )+ { G + ~ / 2 ,G r ~ + J ) - } = ' ~ ) -r - - s + ~ ) L , + l / 2 ( 8 )J r J - -~ r+ 1 / 2 ,I n t h e N e v e u - S c h w a r z s e c to r t h e o p e r a to r s t h u s t ra n s f o r m a c c o r d in g t o n o n d e c o m p o s a b l e r e p r e s e n ta t io n s o fo s p ( 1 , 2 ) .

    T h e d i f f e r e n t i a l o p e r a t o r s g i v e n i n ( 3 ) f o r m a n a s s o c i a t iv e a l g e b r a p r o v i d e d w e im p o s e n o f u r t h e r r e s t ri c t io n so n t h e r a n g e o f t h e v a r i o u s i n d i c e s. O n t h e b a s i s o f t h e c o m m u t a t o r o n e t h u s f i n d s a n e x p li c it r e p r e s e n t a t i o n o ft h e s u p e r- W o o ( 2 ) a l g e b r a . S p e c i a l c a s e s o f t h i s in f i n i t e - d i m e n s i o n a l L i e a l g e b r a h a v e b e e n c o n s i d e r e d i n t h el i te r a t u re . F o r i n s t a n c e , t h e b o s o n i c a l g e b r a ( g e n e r a t e d b y t h e 8 - i n d e p e n d e n t t e r m s i n L ( s )+ ) w i t h 2 = c o i n -c i d e s w i t h t h e W ~ + ~ a l g e b r a p r o p o s e d i n r e fs . [ 4 , 5 ] . F o r 2 = 0 t h e a l g e b r a i s r e l a t e d t o t h e W o o a l g e b r a o f r e f s.[ 4 , 5 ] a f t e r s u p p r e s s i n g t h e s p i n - 1 o p e r a t o r . T h i s r e d u c t i o n i s p o s s i b l e b e c a u s e t h e c o e f f i c i e n t s a ( s , 2 ) f o r a lls ~ 1 a r e p r o p o r t i o n a l t o 2 . T h e r e f o r e t h e b o s o n i c a l g e b r a w i th 2 = 0 c a n b e c o n s i s te n t l y r e s t ri c t e d t o g e n e r a t o r so f s p in s~> 2 . F o r g e n e r a l 2 s u c h a d e c o u p l i n g o f th e s p i n -1 o p e r a t o r i s n o t p o s s i b l e . A s i m i l a r p h e n o m e n o n t a k e sp l a c e f o r t h e s u p e r- W o ~ ( 0 ) a l g e b r a . B e c a u s e b o t h a( s , Z ) a n d o ~ (s , 2 ) a r e p r o p o r t i o n a l t o 2 f o r s ~ 1 , t h e s p i n -1 o p e r a t o r s L ~l ) + d e c o u p l e f r o m t h e a l g e b r a f o r 2 = 0 , a n d s o d o t h e s p i n - o p e r a t o r s G f I ) . O n e i s t h e n l e ft w i t ht h e s u p e r - W ~ a l g e b r a c o n s t r u c t e d i n re f. [ 11 ] . F u r t h e r m o r e , a s m e n t i o n e d i n t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n , t h e woo a l g e b r ac a n b e o b t a i n e d b y a c o h t r a c t i o n o f W oo ( 2 ) . T h u s t h e s u p e r - W ~ ( 2 ) a l g e b r a e n c o m p a s s e s a ll k n o w n c a se s .

    W e s h o u l d p o i n t o u t t h a t s u p er -W o ~ ( 2 ) a n d s u p er -W o o ( - 2 ) a r e i s o m o r p h i c . T h i s f o l lo w s f r o m t h e e x i st e n c eo f a n a n t i - a u t o m o r p h i s m w h i c h i s c l o se l y r e l a te d t o h e r m i t i a n c o n j u g a t i o n f o r s u p e r s p a c e d i f f e r e n t ia l o p e r a t o r s .T h e a n t i - a u t o m o r p h i s m is i m p l e m e n t e d b y c h a n g i n g t h e o r d e r o f t h e v a r io u s o p e r a t o r s a n d b y r ep l a ci n g

    0 . 0O - - , - O , 8 ~ - i 8 , ~ - - , 1 O ~ . ( 9 )s u c h th a t th e b a s ic ( a n t i ) c o m m u t a t o r s b e t w e e n z a n d 0 a n d 8 a n d 0 / 0 8 r e m a i n u n c h a n g e d . N o t e t h a t t h e v al u e2 = ~ i s s p e c ia l i n t h is r e s p e c t. O n t h e b a s i s o f t h e a n t i - a u t o m o r p h i s m o n e c a n s h o w t h a t m a n y o f t h e s t r u c t u rec o n s t a n t s w i ll v a n i s h i n t h a t c a s e . T h i s w i l l e n a b l e a c o n s i s t e n t r e d u c t i o n o f t h e a l g e b r a w h e r e o n e r e t a in s o n l yt h e g e n e r a t o r s L ~ ) + w i t h e v e n s , L ~ ) - w i t h o d d s a n d e i t h e r G ~s) + o r G ~ ) - w i t h e v e n s . T h e a l g e b r a w i t h 2 =c o r r e s p o n d s t o a n e x t e n s i o n o f t h e s y m p l e c t o n h i g h e r - s p i n s u p e r a l g e b r a [ 8 , 13 ] ( m o r e d e t a i l s c a n b e f o u n d i nr e f. [ 1 2 ] ) . I n t h e p u r e l y b o s o n i c c a s e o n e f i n d s t h a t t h e a n t i - a u t o m o r p h i s m 0 " - 0 r e l a t e s W oo ( 2 ) t o W o o ( 1 - 2 ) .

    A l l g e n e r a t o r s ( 3 ) a r e s p e c i fi e d b y t h e i r sp i n a n d L o e i g e n v a lu e . L e t u s n o w f o c u s o u r a t t e n t i o n o n t h o s eg e n e r a t o r s t h a t b e l o n g t o a " w e d g e " i n th e p a r a m e t e r p l a n e b y r e s t r i c ti n g t h e L o e i g e n v a l u e s a c c o r d i n g t o I n I ~ s - 1a n d Irl

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    Vol ume 256 , num ber 2 P HYS ICS L E T T E RS B 7 M arch 1991D e n o t i n g G ~ 2 ) + a s b e f o r e b y G ~ , w e e s t a b l i s h t h e f o l l o w i n g r e l a t i o n s [ 1 5 ] :[ G ~ , G p ] = [ 1 - ( 1 - 4 2 ) K ] ~ , ~ p , G ~ z ) - = G ~ K = - K G ~ , , ( 1 1 )w h e r e K i s t h e K l e i n o p e r a t o r d e f i n e d b y K = 1 - 2 0 0 /O 0 , w h i c h s a t i sf i es K 2 = 1 a n d a n t i c o m m u t e s w i t h 0 a n d 0 /O 0. F o l l o w i n g r e f . [ 1 5 ] w e m a y t h u s c o n c l u d e t h a t f u n c t i o n s o f G ~2) + c a n a l w a y s b e d e c o m p o s e d i n to s y m m e -t r iz e d p o l y n o m i a l s o f G ,~ m u l t i p l ie d b y th e K l e i n o p e r a t o r o r th e u n i t o p e r a t o r . F r o m t h e s l ( 2 ) a s s i g n m e n t s w em a y th e n c o n c l u d e i m m e d i a t e l y t h a t t h e s e f u n c t i o n s c o i n c i d e w i t h ( f i n i te li n e a r c o m b i n a t i o n s o f ) t h e g e n e r a -t o r s i n t h e w e d g e .

    O n t h e o t h e r h a n d , t h e r e a r e fo u r s u p e r s y m m e t r y g e n e r a t o r s in th e w e d g e al g e b ra , c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o G ( ~2 ) +, S Ot h a t o n e e x p e c ts a n e x t e n d e d s u p e r s y m m e t r y a l g eb r a . I n d e e d , o n e i s d e a li n g w i th N = 2 s u p e r s y m m e t r y , a s w a sa l r e a d y o b s e r v e d i n r e f . [ 1 1 ] f o r t h e s p e c i a l c a s e o f 2 = 0 a n d i n r e f . [ 1 6 ] f o r t h e s y m p l e c t o n c a s e o f 2 = ~ . T h ew e d g e a l g e b r a m a y t h u s b e v i e w e d a s t h e f a c t o r o f t h e e n v e l o p i n g a l g e b r a o f o s p ( 2 , 2 ) o v e r a p p r o p r i a t e i d e al s ,a s w e i n t e n d t o d i s c u s s i n r e f . [ 1 2 ] .

    O n e m a y v i e w th e s u p e r - W ~ ( 2 ) a l g e b r a as a n e x t e n s i o n o f t h e ~ a l g e b ra . H o w e v e r , i n t h a t c o n t e x t t h e a b o v er e s u lt s m a y s e e m s o m e w h a t s u r p r i s in g i n v ie w o f th e r e s u l ts o f r e fs . [ 4 , 5 ] w h e r e f o r t h e b o s o n i c c a s e i t w a ss h o w n t h a t , f o r g e n e r a l 2 , it is n o t p o s s i b l e to e x t e n d t h e w e d g e a l g e b r a w i t h o u t i n t r o d u c i n g g e n e r a t o r s o f a r b i -t r a r y n e g a t i v e s p i n ; g e n e r a t o r s o f n e g a t i v e s p i n c a n o n l y b e a v o i d e d f o r 2 = 0 , . T o a p p r e c i a t e h o w t h e W o o ( 2 )a l g e b r a e v a d e s t h i s o b s ta c l e , w e e v a l u a t e t h e f i rs t f e w t e r m s i n t h e c o m m u t a t o r o f a s p in - 2 o p e r a t o r w i t h a s p i n -s o p e r a t o r . T o e x p r e s s t h e r e s u lt , i t is c o n v e n i e n t t o s u m o v e r a ll t h e m o d e s a n d t o d e f in e t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n gd i f f e r e n t i a l o p e r a t o r s i n t e r m s o f a f u n c t i o n A c~) ( z ) ,

    S - - IL ~ S ) ( z ) = Y~ a i ( s , X ) [ ( - O ) ~ - i - l A ~ ) ( z ) ] O , ( 1 2 )i =0

    w h e r e A {~) ( z ) = ~ n A n z n + s - I. I t tu r n s o u t t h a t t h e c o m m u t a t o r o f L ~2) ( z ) a n d L t~) ( z ) , c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y f u n c -t i o n s A (2 ) ( Z ) a n d A ~s) (z ) , h a s t h e g e n e r a l f o r m[ L ~2 ) ( z ) , L ~s) ( z ) ] = L ~ s) ( z ) + L ~ - 2 ) ( z ) + L ~ s - 3 ) ( z ) + . . . . ( 1 3 )w h e r e t h e g e n e r a t o r s o n t h e r i g h t - h a n d s i d e a re c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y f u n c t i o n s (~ s) ( z ) w h i c h a r e e x p r e s s e d i n t e r m so f A ~2) ( z ) , A ~s) ( z ) a n d d e r i v a t i v e s t h e r e o f . T h e m o s t c o n s p i c u o u s f e a t u r e o f t h is r e s u l t is t h a t t h e c o m m u t a t o ro f t w o e v e n s p i n s g i v e s r is e t o b o t h o d d a n d e v e n s p i n s . T h i s i s i n c o n t r a d i s t i n c t i o n w i t h t h e W o o - ty p e a l g e b r a st h a t h a v e b e e n c o n s t r u c t e d s o fa r , a s w e l l a s w i th t h e w e d g e s u b a l g e b r a . I n d e e d , t h e W o o - ty p e a l g e b r a s c o n s i d e r e di n re f s . [ 4 , 5 ] h a v e t h e s t r u c t u r e[L ~s) , L

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    Vol ume 256 , num ber 2 P HYS ICS L E T T E RS B 7 M arch 1991t i v e ly . S i n c e 0 h a s w e i g h t - , w e f i n d t h a t b , c, f l a n d 7 h a v e c o n f o r m a l w e i g h t s 2 + , - 2 + , 2 a n d - 2 + 1 . T h es u p e r s y m m e t r i c a c t i o n e q u a l s [ 1 9 ]

    i f I= - ~ d 2 z d 2 O B f ) c = l g d 2z ( f l~ 7 + b ~ c ) . ( 1 6 )T h e g e n e r a t o r s o f t h e s u p e r- W o ~ ( 2 ) a l g e b r a a r e t h e n r e l a te d t o t h e f o ll o w i n g c o n s e r v e d c u r r e n ts :

    S - - I s - - IV+ (z) = Z a i ( s , 2 ) 0 s - ' - ~ [ ( 0 i f l ) ~ ] + E a ~ (s , 2 + ) 0 s - ' - ' [ ( 0 ' b ) c ] ,i = 0 i = 0

    V ~ S ) _ ( z ) = s - 1 + 2 2 s - 1 s _ 2 2 s - I O ,_ i_ 1E a i ( s , 2 ) Os- i - l [ (Oi f l ) 7 ]+~-~- - s -~ i~oa i ( s , 2+ ) [ (Oib )c] ,2 s - 1 i= os - - I s - - 2Q ~S )-+ ( z ) = E c ~ ( s , 2 ) 0 " - i - ~ [ ( 0 '] 1 ) c ] + E f l i ( s , 2 ) 0 " - ' - 2 [ ( 0 ' b ) 7 ] ( 1 7 )i = 0 i = 0

    T h e c o r r e s p o n d e n c e w i t h t h e p r e v i o u s r e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f t h e a lg e b r a is e s t a b l is h e d b y e v a l u a t in g t h e o p e r a t o rp r o d u c t s o f t h e c u r r e n t s ( 1 7 ) w i t h th e c o n f o r m a l f ie l d s a n d c o m p a r i n g t h e r e l e v a n t t e r m t o t h e s u p e r s p a c ed i f f e r e n ti a l o p e r a t o r s ( 3 ) .

    T h e c u r r e n t s ( Q 2 ) + , V ~ 2 )+ ) r e p r o d u c e t h e N = 1 s u p e r - V i r a s o r o a l g e b r a ( c f . ( 1 ) ) . I t i s w e l l k n o w n t h a t t h es u p e r s y m m e t r i c bc s y s t e m a c t u a l l y h a s a n N = 2 s u p e r c o n f o r m a l i n v a r i a n c e [ 1 9 ] . I n d e e d t h e c u r r e n t s ( V ~ ) - ,Q ~2 )_ +, v 2 ) + ) d e f i n e a n N = 2 s u p e r - V i r a s o r o a l g e b ra . A s e x p l a i n e d p r e v i o u s l y w h e n d i s c u s s i n g t h e w e d g e a l -g e b r a t h e r e ex i s ts a f i n it e o s p ( 2 , 2 ) s u b a l g e b r a i n th e N e v e u - S c h w a r z s e c t o r c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e g e n e r a t o r s( L ~ ~ - , G (_+27/~, L ~2 ) + , L ~ 2) + ). A l l c u r r e n t s f i t i n t o N = 2 s u p e r m u l t i p l e t s w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h i s o s p ( 2 , 2 ) s u b a l -g e b r a . T h e r e s u l t in g c o m b i n a t i o n s a r e(V * ) - ,Q s+l)+-,V ~s+~)+) s = 1 , 2 , 3 . . . . . ( Q ~ ) , v ~ I ) + ) , ( 1 8 )w h e r e ( Q ~~ , v ~ ~ ) c o n s t i t u t e s a s o - c a l le d N = 2 s c a l a r m u l t i p l e t .

    O n e c a n s h o w t h a t , in a d d i t i o n t o th e t ru n c a t i o n n o t e d b e l o w ( 9 ) , a t r u n c a t e d v e r s i o n o f t h e o p e r a t o r a l g e b r am u s t a l s o e x is t fo r 2 = 0 , . F o r i n s t a n c e , f o r 2 = 0 t h e c o n f o r m a l w e i g h t s o f b a n d c a r e e q u a l t o w h i l e th ec o n f o r m a l w e i g h t s o f f l a n d 7 a r e e q u a l t o 0 a n d 1 , r e s p e c ti v e l y . In t h e o p e r a t o r e x p a n s i o n o n e c a n t h e n r e p l a c e yb y 8 ~, w h e r e h a s c o n f o r m a l w e i g h t 0 . T h e t r u n c a t i o n c a n n o w b e i m p l e m e n t e d b y id e n t i f y i n g b w i t h c a n d f lw i t h 0 . T h i s i d e n t i f i c a t i o n h a s t h e e f f e c t t h a t t h e c u r r e n t s ( 1 7 ) w il l n o l o n g e r b e i n d e p e n d e n t : Q ~ ) + = 0 f o r so d d , Q ~ ) - = 0 f o r s e v e n , a n d Q ~~ = v ~1 _+ = 0 , w h i l e a l l o p e r a t o r s V ~ ) -+ w i t h o d d s c a n b e e x p r e s s e d a s d e r i v -a t i v e s o f o p e r a t o r s V Cs) +-w i t h s ev e n . T h e r e s u l t in g a l g e b r a t h e n c o i n c i d e s w i t h t h e s u p e r - W ~ / 2 a l g e b r a o f r e f.[ 1 1 ] . I t i s g e n e r a t e d b y V ~ ) -+ , Q ~ ) + , w i t h s = 2 , 4 . . . . a n d Q ~ s ) - w i t h s = 3 , 5 . . . . . T h e b o s o n i c s u b a l g e b r a o f t h es u p e r - W ~ / 2 a l g e b ra i s g i v e n b y W ~ / 2 q ) W t ~ + ~ ) / 2 w h e r e W ~ / 2 a n d W ~ l + ~ ) /2 a r e t h e t ru n c a t e d v e r s io n s o f W ooa n d W ~ + ~ d i s c u s s e d i n r e fs . [ 4 , 5 ] .

    T h e r e a l i z a ti o n g i v e n a b o v e c a n b e u s e d t o c a l c u l a te a n e x p r e s s i o n f o r t h e c e n t ra l e x t e n s i o n o f th e a l g e b ra . T ok e e p m a t t e r s s i m p l e l e t u s c o n f i n e o u r s e l v e s t o t h e b o s o n i c c a s e . T h e c e n t r a l c h a r g e c(s , s ' ; 2 ) i s d e f i n e d b y t h ec o e f f i c ie n t o f t h e l e a d i n g t e r m i n th e o p e r a t o r p r o d u c t e x p a n s i o n o f t w o c u r r e n t s,V ~ ( z ) V ~ S . ~ ( w ) c ( s , s ' ; 2 )2 ( z _w )S+ ~, + . . . . ( 1 9 )I t s a t i s fi e s t h e c o n d i t i o nc(s , s ' ; 2 ) = ( - ) s + s ' c ( s ' , s; 2 ) = c ( s ' , s ; 1 - 2 ) . ( 2 0 )I t i s e a s y t o c h e c k t h a t i n t h e s p i n - 2 s e c t o r o n e o b t a i n s t h e s t a n d a r d r e s u l t c ( 2 , 2 ; 2 ) = 2 ( 6 2 2 _ 6 2 + 1 ) . W e f i n dt h a t , i n g e n e r a l , c(s , s ' ; 2 ) # 0 f o r s # s ' . F o r i n s ta n c e ,

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    Volume 256, num ber 2 PHYSICS LETTERS B 7 March 1991

    s ! ( s - 1 ) !c ( s+ l , s ; 2 )=2 - - ( 2 2 ) s _ ~ ( l - 2 2 ) s ( s ~ > l ) . ( 2 1)( 2 s - 2 ) !T h i s s h o w s o n c e a g a i n t h a t , f o r g e n e r a l 2, t h e W o o ( 2 ) a l g e b r a s d o n o t h a v e t h e s t r u c t u r e i n d i c a t e d i n ( 1 4 ) .

    W e s h o u l d f i n a l l y d i s c u s s th e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n t w o s u p e r - W ~ ( 2 ) a l g e b ra s w i t h d i f f e r e n t v a lu e s o f 2 . A g a i nl e t u s c o n f i n e o u r s e l v e s t o t h e p u r e l y b o s o n i c c a s e. O n e c a n r e g a r d t h e g e n e r a t o r s L ~ s) ( ) .) a s 2 - d e p e n d e n t l i n e a rc o m b i n a t i o n s o f t h e b a s i s e l e m e n t s z m 0 n ( cf . ( 3 ) ) , s o t h a t a ll a l g e b ra s W ~ ( 2 ) a r e i s o m o r p h i c ( o f c o u rs e , t h i so b s e r v a t i o n d o e s n o t a p p l y t o t r u n c a t i o n s o r r e d u c t i o n s o f th e a l g e b r a w h i c h p r e s u p p o s e a f ix e d v a l u e o f 2 ) .T h i s p o i n t w a s a l r e a d y m a d e i n r ef . [ 5 ] , w h e r e l i n e a r c o m b i n a t i o n s o f t h e W oo ( g e n e r a t o r s w e r e c o n s i d e r e d .N o t e , h o w e v e r , t h a t t h i s is n o t q u i t e t h e p o i n t o f v ie w t h a t o n e a d o p t s f o r e x t e n s i o n s o f t h e V i r a s o r o a l g e b raw i t h s ~< 2 . I n t h a t c a s e t h e c l as s i c a l a l g e b r a r e m a i n s i n d e p e n d e n t o f 2 ( t h e s t r u c t u r e c o n s t a n t s a r e 2 i n d e p e n -d e n t ) , w h i l e t h e c e n t r a l e x t e n s i o n d e p e n d s o n 2 . H o w e v e r , r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s w i t h d i f f e r e n t c e n t r a l ch a r g es a r er e g a r d e d a s i n e q u i v a l e n t . I n t h e c as e a t h a n d t h e s i t u a t i o n i s e v e n m o r e c o m p l i c a t e d b e c a u s e o n e i s d e a l i n g w i t ha n a l g e b r a t h a t i n v o l v e s a n i n f i n i t e r a n g e o f s p i n v a l u e s . A l t h o u g h f o r f i x ed s o n e c a n e x p r e s s t h e g e n e r a t o r sL k ) ( 2 ) a s l i n e a r c o m b i n a t i o n s o f a f i n i t e s e t o f g e n e r a t o r s L ~ s ' ) ( 2 ' ) , t h i s is n o t s o fo r th e d u a l s p a c e w h i c h c a nb e i d e n t i f i e d w i t h t h e s p a c e o f t r a n s f o r m a t i o n p a r a m e t e r s . T o s e e t h i s o n e m a y c o m p a r e t h e s a m e L i e - a l g e b r av a l u e d e x p r e s s i o n i n te r m s o f t w o b a s e s c o r r e s p o n d i n g to d i f f e r e n t v a l u e s o f 2 . F o r t h e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n p a r a m e -t e rs a c h a n g e o f ) . l ea d s t o r e d e f i n i t i o n s t h a t a l w a y s i n v o l v e s u m s o v e r i n f i n i t e n u m b e r s o f te r m s . I t is w el l k n o w nt h a t s u c h i n f i n i t e s u m m a t i o n s t e n d t o m a k e t h e s e r e d e f i n i t i o n s m e a n i n g l e s s . W e i n t e n d t o r e t u r n t o th i s t o p i c i nr e f . [ 1 2 ] .

    W e w o u l d l i k e t o t h a n k A . B i l a l, P . B o u w k n e g t a n d K . S t el le f o r v a l u a b l e d i s c u s s i o n s .

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    V o l u m e 2 5 6 , n u m b e r 2 P H Y S I C S L E T T E R S B 7 M a r c h 1 99 1

    [ 1 5 ] M . A . V a s i l i e v , P i s ' m a Z h . E k s p . T e o r . F i z . 5 0 ( 19 8 9 ) 3 4 4 ; L e b e d e v p r e p r i n t 2 1 4 ( 1 9 89 ) , I n t e r n . J . M o d . P h y s . A , t o a p p e a r .[ 1 6 ] E . S. F r a d k i n a n d M . A . V a s i l i e v , I n t e r n . J . M o d . P h y s . A 3 ( 1 9 8 8 ) 2 9 8 3 .[ 1 7 ] I . B a k a s a n d E . K i r i t s i s , N u c l . P h y s . B 3 4 3 ( 1 9 9 0 ) 1 8 5.[ 1 8 ] E. W i t t e n , C o m m u n . M a t h . P h y s . 1 13 ( 1 9 8 8 ) 5 2 9.[ 1 9 ] D . F r i e d a n , E . M a r t i n e c a n d S . S h e n k e r , N u c l . P h y s . B 2 7 1 ( 1 9 8 6 ) 9 3 .

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