e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan...

30
,.s.fiS.) ; 0),.) ~j~T~ ;~) 'j,...k w)j, cS)-!.) <L.A~r. cSl)~ Afi' ·i'f t)~ y, ~ ~~ U"'L.I r. ~~r. (nl rS~~ chi.o)~ <y>j,-oT ~~) o~ (n'.J.j~)~ ~~r. ~~ r. ~ cS)'w, w~ wy rS~1 .h.......,~ ,~~I~ ~ ~)~ cSj!.) ~~r. wl)~1 cS)ifl, ~~ ~T ~I,-o~ ~lho, )~ , o~ (n'.J.j~~ j,k , ~~I,) 0~1~ tS-~1 0l.S' ~~ <y>j,-oT , ~~I,) 0,,/ ~ .~~ ~ AD/lj/'rA t),-o o~b ~j,-oT rSj!.) ~~r. cSl)~ ~~,....., ~,~ / . .P(.<•.•. ,~. C,?:~~·, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Transcript of e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan...

Page 1: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

,.s.fiS.) ;0),.)

~j~T~ ;~)

'j,...k w)j, cS)-!.) <L.A~r.cSl)~ Afi' ·i'f t)~ y, ~ ~~ U"'L.I r. ~~r. (nl

rS~~ chi.o)~ <y>j,-oT ~~) o~ (n'.J.j~)~ ~~r. ~~ r. ~ cS)'w, w~

wy rS~1 .h.......,~,~~I~ ~ ~)~ cSj!.) ~~r.wl)~1 cS)ifl, ~~ ~T ~I,-o~ ~lho,

)~ , o~ (n'.J.j~~ j,k , ~~I,) 0~1~ tS-~1 0l.S' ~~ <y>j,-oT , ~~I,) 0,,/ ~

.~~ ~ AD/lj/'rA t),-o o~b ~j,-oT rSj!.) ~~r.cSl)~ ~~,....., ~,~

/ . .P(.<•.•. ,~.C,?:~~·,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Page 2: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

l5'L-,10l.)~,s' er;,......,T , LS""L-.>I,) ".,.s ~ 0~ cS~I.h....,,.;.s er;,..,T ~ cS/~ ')'~ LS"")~<Lol;r.

.~) ~""" "'" .1;1 ~/I L ~I ,~ 0-',.:0 ~.; i,.k , LS""L:...;I,),">s:":";I~

.~IIr.),li;)' ~""" ~);; ;I <Lol;r. 0-?1

. ~r. oK..:..;l~~;,..,T cSj'.) <Lol;r. cSl)~ ~""" "'" .s::;T;L ~ ;b <Lol;r. )~ ~ (f r>•

0:.3..L.J '))J---A ).) o~l.) ~)~ T <.S)--!.) d....-oli r. <.SI)~ M/rl! A t)J---A ~ O).)L.o <.SI)

.)'r' tJLI.k;-:~ ..l..>13 ~ .~I ~ <.S?.) F ).)~j~ T ~ ~) 1.5"").) o....:.L".,

Page 3: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

· ~.

:-::.........Io~

....,) '.. ~L., .L . U..:...J· '~.i....,.. .. .. ..0 I ")1'1" .., ~) ~ I..S . e:,........-. I..S .. ,..--. -.r-.r.. ... .r.;J, ~ ,....,...-!.) I..S.r. I..S ~ ~r

y.Slr 'I..S~ 'I..S)~ l..S~lojL., ,.)~ ";j,..,1 .fIr ,lAo~l.,) ).,)~j,..,i I..SlAlS-~j) <1..S;:So;l..l..iI)

.~,.,) r.:i ,~,.,) I..SlA~ ).,)~j,..,llS-~j) .fIr ,..:;,...) -=->L.,

I..S~; ":;")),i ~lr-9~".b;l ~j,...,i IS-~j), 15~o)..I..i1 ~.~ 1..Su,,~.;b ~ .b"r I..SlAoL. ~U-

.~j,..,llS-~j), ~j,..,ll..S;:So;l..l..iII..Su"..;.,I.! ).,)~j,...,i ~ 0-:'.;~L).,) 15;:S.,)L.

:~ \ .J .::.a.).J~ - ,.

.. I ~L., .. ~ 11 L.. I .... ~ ........•..... r : ) IS-.. )) ,~ , t.5"'~ }J"..

;I 0.,)lA::.......,I 0)'r"> , ~j,..,II..S~.,)~.')' ~..j..l..O»") I..S.,)~ 01~ 'l..S)i"; 1..S~~..,)1)4. d...o....J':;~~,:; ~ 0;'.,

.-::.........1 04 ~.,J,I ~j,..,ll..S;:So;l..l..iI..:;U..: ..":::'}S'~; I.:J .-::.........1o~ ;)~1,~ IS-~j)

Page 4: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

r ;I , -L:>.L:...;-.s-" ~L:;.;.;I ~,>.u)k. ~),.. ~,J.t sUz,~ j ~ ~,:; ~~I~ 4S ~ -.r')~:S)L;;.>I V"")~

.:;.,),......,~ S)~I V"")~ • ...,..L:...;1.5"" o~L.A;.,...1s~ .r.)S .:;.,),....,~ ~I V"")~ )~ o~ ~,..l sUz,,:;,,)4-0, .;..;I~

'~"'::'1.5"" <\..JI) s..>..>l, .s; )~

'-.rL_.,;1,).~, ~j,..l sr.:1 o;l..l.i'

•...,..:.),..l.:;.,~ sUz,~))':;~) -.rL.:.}5'S).M .jl5'..I.i)~

),:;)Pr. ~.,J,I;I~) ~.I S~M .j,......,))~..>.....;..il,:;1.5"" -.r~' ~.L r'~ SUz,~) r..L.., )l.oi '-.s-"L.)

.~~

r-

, .~.r'

, .~.r'

Page 5: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

~~Lw. JIJLi lA~l-J JIJLi(joII.)Jf"U ..~ U:fJ.).) •• ..'C .•

~ C$P ~ ~ tiP ~

n n - y y ~~,- -

n n - y y ~y("~ .J~~<Y.J.J,.- -

r r r r - ,. ,. ~~ c.S.Jlcl c.S~.J.J r- - .. .... ..•

I .;J...l ';~.J.JY y .fi ~ 'f- n n - U~ .J.J _ ""w.-I.f'-

n n y ,. ~ ~ \..l,;.j\ ~- - - ~y~ .J..J

- , T • , T • - ,. ,.~

r

Page 6: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

~u-Lw. JI.&i lA~l", JI.&i.w.!a..a..a

~..)Jr"U U:!J..)~.. ..~~ ci~ ~ ~ ci~ ~

- ~ ';.JL.I.;~ ..u n n y y ~~ ~ ~..Jl..o' ':i~J..J ,~~ - -

u.»-'.J..J.J ~ - n n - y y '-i1.A'-i~ 0j\,lj\ ~)\S J.J..J J ~Y

~j.>'"l

- ~ ';.JL.i';~.J.J n n y I Y ($1.A($~ ojbjl .J-l ~ )j;' w=..w ru.»-'.J..J.J ~ - -

~j.>'"'

~~ ";.J.J .J~y;.; n n y y . w_ J\ .ufo 'f~j-,,"I 1St..IS.;I. .jl.l.il - - ~~ ."....-

..>l ~i;'"i J.J..J 'fA 'fA r r~ J ~ ~ii...i .wi~ ($~ J..J

C- -~y(')&. - -)&. J~y(' ..J

~~ ";.J.J .J~y;.;~j-,,"i 1St..IS~ .jl.l.il - ry ry - " T lA A..oWY. J lA ~.JA ..r.~j.J\ 6

~';~I.J..)--

- T • , T • , - H' ,,.~

v

'f

Page 7: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

)~~})!I';:">L.... n rr .r-jt'll .s4roW,;)~~..:;..j~ -.r.~j}.r-jt'li .sr.! ojl..l.;1

n rr lA0~1~~')~ .i~1.S' ~y')1.S'

•....;L.-o)1..01 .s~,)n n T .sjL......,.,~.s~') r

w~;!)'~r:

.""';L,.o )L.I .s~,) .u.....L...,.s)t;;.:>L.....;:....•~t.....J..•..•, ~~ .frr n

"1W~;!)'~ ..r.' ~

.....;L,.o )L.I .s~,)rr rr T' lA0.:>1~~ ~ ~ . ..;,) Cl

w~;!)'~

.""';L,.o )L.I .s~,) n n T T .srol)~t; 1.5)1..01 .s~,)W~;!)'~

T T.;;....1' •.••.•, -.r.Lj)1)~ l.i~~1 .s~ ~),!)I.S'

Vn n.r- jt'li

rr rr T T ..;~~ A.... ··L;...;...il~J'~ ,)

-..;.J~.s~,)-.r.~ j)1 ,.sr.! 0jl ..•.•1)':>-..;.J~. ~L.-o ,,!.

'\)~~,..roS~' n n T T.r- jt'll

~i ••~ ~

~'}S ";'J , .up<J""YS )':>.r-jt'll.sr.! ojl..•.•I.slA .)r.AI))~

\..sL..."..s~ ojl..>..........iln n<J")':>

.r- jt'll

, LA ~t'I -.r.~j)1 rr ~,~ .slA.....;...I.hlA~ -.r.~j)I)~ "n.r- jt'li .slA.•...•t;)'!

ITA T'T'f rOT' f If lA ~V. •• ..•.......

.~€~.~~ ~.,,-\~.•.

'\:\&Jg£b I Cl

. :,~)

Page 8: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

,) 1J..j :.~; ) .. .....

lA, . L....,.. 1.-5'" . L....,.. ...i.J ..o .. r' 9 0~.. ;-'.9'0 .. r 9 ..r>-

",'.

90); oK.::..ib J91 b'(r9,) J..a.9) ),)L.,) oJL~ :~L .o~ ~ 0;[..,1 0~9; 9 J~I -,

.( \ l' A \) J91 y~ '~9,) +:»..M jS ;A

~~------------------------~---

Page 9: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

..)I..}.j:·~) ) .. .....

~ .• ~) ~.,..Li , ~I~I o,....."u~, o~ L..::.l ~j,...,i I'lhi J.:.L...,.J-o~. ...J.:.~~....r).) ~.I).) ..)~.~I.)

..s~,) ..sr.f)lS'"-! Lo,o.)b..s),b} ;I.;~I ..,..L.?:.;I .~ .;.,) Cy ...J.:.~~~ ...>..i~...,.., L:.l ~ ..sLo,o)}

.. .... 1- .)1 A •••• ....s... 4.....t>:; <I,., . L ...'I.~ ·I...s... ..lb • I 0 ~ ..>..i'" L:.l t.; '.. 1 1_7 <1,.,' •. • el..l~ t.r'~. .. ~ . u ..~) ...r 'w-!. r., . r'''''''' ~. ~'...r.--"" ..r.o, <,.;7)

...>..i)~...,.., ~ "-! ..l.A.i , ..s-')r. ..sIr. ....r)l) ).) I) ..)1.;.)} , 0.»),1).)I.r.-I "-! I)) , 0.)~ 1'1..>.91

2.Kerlinger.F.N.( 1986).Foundations of Behavioral Research.(3rel ed.)

York:Rinehart & Winston.

v

Page 10: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

.) l.j.j :'l.....;...:....) ) .. ...,

r-

.A..Iu.....1,..-

.J~~.JL.i J.:b.:i .&~ ,~~ ~ J ~ '.JJ'l~ ~ji .(' iVV) .4...i\.S\.:i ~>.l J (-? <'-~.) -,01.J~) y::w '01..*i .~ji ('~ J 1,?'""u..::.0IJ.J

2-.stevens.James.( 1990).lnlermediale Statistics: A Modern Approach .. New Jercyt H lsdale:

Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers ..

Howell, David.(1992) Statistical Methods for Psychology (3rd cdn:).CalifDasbury.

,\

~---------------"'--Y'------------'::::::--=-"""""'::::-======================~

Page 11: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

( ("c.. 0...0....; ("c·:) . ~e_··-....c. 0..Jb'"• <\.oilS'..1..:...>., ,~.. .0"'.'; ~ .: , •...•)·1-~ ..'~ 1.5..r.~ .I ••... V .r: '-'.I

.(".), J,I ~ l.5};j) ..J-.Ib,;". ).) l.5~ ~ .j~ J) (\1'rr) 1.5.1)"'"".:.r-:> 4..<,.>;; ·)j,~~ .•P.? -,

.J.~.J .~~I.) r.:. jS r:

))Ir} ;1 0.) l.i.:;..., 1~ l.5.)La;;j1- ~41 u~ ).) ~o.)b ~ , ..;. jb.r.' (\ l'A 1) .J.:J.:> 'l.5~'% -1'

.J,~"'1.5..~~ ~~ ,J;I y~SPSS

4- Stevens,J .(2002)Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences (4th edn.)

Page 12: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

~1..A.i:·~) ) •• ··v

r>

jS r" I.:/~i,S}r>- ~ ~;; .~,-r. .('£1.r.-I) ')'Y.f '1.51 0~ n iVA) 01 ~.r.)lS" , J,....,I ~;; \.S"""L:..:::.01,) - r

~lS: ..:;.,;\~r:.

3- Fosnot, C. T.(1996).Constructivism: Theory, Perspectives and practice.

, .

Page 13: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

· T 1.5u,~ j) 0..L...::J .) )~L......,I 1.5~ 1.54c-ij, ..j~;5) ...,.....,..Ir'>• F .0....:::,...k..uJ - R,R :o..ilS ~ .j~;5) -

o..ilS~ .j~;5) ...::..,L..,~ 1.51r. SPSS ) o.)l.A:....I

2-. Geoffrey ,M .Maruyama.(l998).Basics of Structural Equation Modeling .New York: Sage

J-Hotgicld,C.:Collins.AJ.( I992).lntrodllction to Multivariate Analysis. London: Chapman & Hall

4-Will. David.C.(l992) Statistical Methods for Psychology (3n! ed).Calif:Dasbury.

"•

Page 14: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American EducationMacmillan Publishing company.

4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn).BelmontCa: Wadsworth.

5- Bazargan,A.( 1996).Pedagometrics and its Application in Improving the Quality ofEducation Journal of Psych. and Education.(University ofTehran).2(1-4):11-26.

Page 15: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

..sL..,.,,0,....·,) :J...L.0"''''')'':''':>-L.... ~I) ~ lS-.L..::,i, ';.i,...i)~) ~.r.)l5', ~ 01,) ..:r..'; ..s1Jb6.,>.):.; L lS-.L.:....:::.i

(<\..:->l..a.., ..slJbr) ."-.AL..:::..........f.) ..s.rfo).....;I..s~..r~ ...s~~ ..s~0"")'~ .;:..3~.

: I -_.:..::...3". . ·1..::...>L-~ ~·u"")

I.-----~-------

Page 16: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

4 .Anderson.L. W. & Krathwohl , D. R.(200 1).A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching and

Assessing(A Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives).New York:

Longman.

5.Brophy,j.E. & Good,t.1.(1986). Teacher Behavior and Student Achievement. In M.C.

Wittrock (Ed.).Handbook of Research on Teaching.G'" ed.)New York: Macmillan.r-

6.Linn.R.L. Grounlund, N.E.( 1995) Measurement and Evaluation in Teaching.t?" ed.)New

York: Macmillan.

7.KeevesJ.P.( 1997).Educational Research. Methodology and Measurement: An

International handbook.C'" ed.)New York :Pergamon.

, f

Page 17: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

1r-~1 0-'.,.>....:;):, 4i ~ , 1.51~ ,:, l.5u,w,"') 1.5):u 1.5lA.~1,(IRT) ~~. - JI~ ~.):U ~ -s..Wi

~j~i flb.; ~ r,h-.):, l.5.r.1o)...).j1

'.:2- Payne.D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2nd ed), Belmont Ca: Wadsworth.

,.)

Page 18: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

-,

2- Bogdan R.e. & Hiklcn. s.K, (1992).Qualitativc Research tor Education :Anlntroduction to Theory and Practice. New

York: Allyn and Bacon

/'7 "':;'-.esswell.J. W.(2005). Educational Research :Planning . Conducting. and Evaluating/ '; "~~~t) tive and Qualitative Research. Upper-saddle River.N.l :.Merrill.

-, =. .P

I

Page 19: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

.... "I L::,' 1 .) -0......... ~' .) <'.'.0) -..s-')Y'.,s .. ))) ....sO ~J

. j L::,' I.::.......A...S 'V .,s.. ))' .... f~-

.... j L::,' 1 1- .. e :.e _..s-')¥' .,s.. )) ~r ~ ...s-r-:; -

.s:"~b ~ jS r" :~~~;::-k~; •...AI, •.))~.) ,(<\,..olir.f$"')r., ISlil,:; ~ ~l:-o) ~jY'll5.~j)-\

.(, rv , ) \,:,,!.*

3- Worthen.B.R. Sanders,J.R;Fitzpatrick.J.L( 1987).Program Evaluation: AlternativeApproaches and Practical Guidelines.,New York:. Longman

/~"c\1.' .•..;_ -" Toint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation (1994),How to Assess! , ' .., CI~.\,

,.. .•...:.;.-~~~ uations OF Educational Programs. Znd.ed.~<". ""';":),<. .... . ".

l,-_\_~_i,_;.~_~~_~_~_;_.t_5\~·]_1 ~ '_V ~-=============================== _

Page 20: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

11-11· _1_. ~ 1 __ ·:..::.,..; ..· L:,·I·1 I_l> L;~ l) "'-f-.s-- ~ c+:» ~ r-« -s... )) ) ~ ~. 70)' ~

,,\

i _

Page 21: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

,~,r,..1S1r.uo~b...kbU 'ISJ,b;--f J~;~LS ~r.JLS....A.I.::..:i.1S~~~ .,:,4~b ..rJ~.:r.,I)~

f ~ jI o.)lA::-.IISIr. u6.-i41) ~r.)LS ).) I) ..s--'L..I154)4--0 .,:,1r. o,)k. ...l..i~~ LJ ~ j~l 1Sr,f0jI..l..i1

.Uo.)l.)ou,..~.•o~r--J ~ .Uo.)l.) ..;.jI.)r.,. lSu ))1 f} ~ 0-'1 jl :.) j' ~I,.> ~ f j'1 IS~))1

. . G..;I I .. LS .. e.. e_ L, L "1 ~'" ..s:......91e'~'~.f . 1Sr.1S.Y~ IS~\.S"""'~ . .,:, ..~.)~.o '~<I.::+" .. r

...l..i~~ L:,I ~j~llSr,fojl..l..i1

Page 22: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

C..s--'~ ~~I ~ ) ~i 1S4r,S).!, , IS~ ~ ISjL.. IJ"'L.-io IJ"'';;''-'~ )~ 1S\..o;.ul;r. , ~.)~I r. 1S),.7" -

.~ ) .:.r..,..l,j )~ ~ \..o;o.)b ..::."l.O.J, ~L.J ~ 0~ r. .s. .sIr. ~ i) o~lA::.....,1, \..o;J...l..4

I •....• e'lI_~.)Y"

......·~~.-tiV~ung.F.W.&Hamer.R.M.(1987). Multidimentional Scaling:History.theory.and'". :'.':~n~trns.NewYork: .Erlbaum

'\ ..: :'<~>'I">!,/'....-."...;:/l 'I ' r ......~,..-~-:.,..,.,,,...•.

----_._--_. -----

Page 23: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

~o~ o~L..., .s~.r-W .s)L>L.. w':i.)~ .s~J..l.A ~ .)r.)l5" 5 s,.b dL, .sr5'.)1., )~ ~ ...r).) JI

,.))b.......,sL1..5)L>L.. u':i.)~ J..l.A, l..5r5'o)..I.,j11..5~J..l.A~L:...o r."::""""':; ...r).) J.1 :..::..........1o~ -.s>1.,..b00

. ..>.JLo.iLS"" o......Jl.b... ~ LS"" .¥"I..5)i; )L>L.. ~ 4S I) o~. ~.~ . .s~o.)b J:..Gu 1..5~';") ~

3- Geoffrey. M. Maruyama (1998). Basics of Structural Equation Modeling .New York:.Sage---.•...~t:~~.

't.t~T4~,~.--' ,~/\ ,1/<fw-:::.:: I• ,t ), n

-'""""""""'1. U

I

Page 24: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

1- Bryk,A.S . & Roudenbush,(1992). Hierarchal Lineaar Modis; Applications and dataAnalysis methods. Newbury Park,Ca. Sage.

IL

Page 25: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

· e (-.....l..o La! I.· ..~U~.r) , ~ 'lS' _ lS} lS"4I-"} .).. .."

~ uT r. o,~ ...))"! ..)...;.AI,.>~ 4->TISlA ~:r..,~,o..>....:.wT ISr-ol)~l.; lS)l.oT IS~') ~ u~~I..) <,J")..) (Y-I)..)

. .x..:S o..)lA.w.14->T jI ~ )..) .l,;jl,; 1..5'" , ..l.i"':' 1..5'" w T 1S)1.oT ISlA d..) ~ )..) ~') (Y-I ..))"!)If

~',

0-'#" t:,.::.<;;/ ---'u~\Sf ~~ ..-I .r:;y.'i4,,;~~--'

\.~.-\,~,.(?t~;~1}.J~t~;-r 2)4 Wasserman,L,(2006).AII of Nonparametric Statistics. New York: Addison - Wesley~",_ ••• It), .... _•.h-Jl~l~~W?/~<;.)

~.;" •.L !\;~~J-.

Page 26: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

~1J.j:·~) ) .. ··v

Locus, Henry C. (1990). Information Systems Concepts for Management: London,Ms- Graw Hill

Page 27: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

.. - L..:..;I .. ~~r \..S'"" 9}·).. ..y

"Lr->L..... ~~ ~,0.);5' ~L...l;...:, I) ~p ~ lS~') .~~~" ~ ~l;...:,T ~ ~I.) V"P LY-1).)

..l"'::'. -" WI • e· '. I· 1...•. V"r' ~).r.

..::.,LQ.." L La, c.,,-~c." ,:::...SI .. I-I r. e: ~.r" . 'r . '-' ~ ..:7'. r-' } ....r r-- '.r-· --~~

s..,. -I 'c~~. t.,·1bL: .•.,I 'f.},-'T!.r,:- ~ ., } . .

1- Anderson, L.W.(1981). Assessing Affective Characteristics in the Schoois. Boston, MA:Allyn and Bacon

2- likert, R. (1932). Atechnique for the measurement of attitudes Arch. Psychol. NO ."140( whole issue)

Page 28: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

";j.J-AI ~.u....:;.) .)J ~I 0:!-! j ~ ~ .)J o~ c:..;-h.o .l.,!..l..;>. -.,..Jlho ~I) )~ ~ U"').) (Y-I ).)

.')JP..r ".JI) .lil o~ c:~ J).li\.:i.....1V".)J w.)~ "-! j~....s (-.r.~j) s ~p.ojl.lil)

Page 29: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

YV

Page 30: e:,-....3- Linn,L.Robert.( 1989).Educational Measurement. 3d(ED).American Education Macmillan Publishing company. 4-Payne,D.A.(2003).Applied Educational Assessment (2ndevedn ...

....i i..:b~L i..:b<I.-.....J L:,' I.·~1..S"-')'7'" .s r ~ '7'" ...s'.. )) ').. .."

"A