DYSLEXIA: Practical Solutions DYSLEXIA: Practical Solutions to Stable Problems of to Stable Problems of

Dyslexic Students Through Dyslexic Students Through Thier Language Learning Thier Language Learning

ProcessProcess

ByBy

NAFİ ÖZMENEKNAFİ ÖZMENEK

ÇAĞ UNIVERSITY-2007 MAYÇAĞ UNIVERSITY-2007 MAY

SPECIAL THANKS TO.....SPECIAL THANKS TO.....

• EUL-Language Education Laboratory EUL-Language Education Laboratory Assistants:Assistants:

Mr. Melikşah Yılmaz & Ulaş AkgünMr. Melikşah Yılmaz & Ulaş Akgün

• Cemal Yıldırım ( Director )Cemal Yıldırım ( Director )

• MC Asil ( rapper)MC Asil ( rapper)

• DJ hass-E DJ hass-E

CONTENTCONTENT

SECTION 1SECTION 1• DefinitionDefinition

• CausesCauses

• SymptomsSymptoms

• TypesTypes

• ProsPros

• Famous DyslexicsFamous Dyslexics

SECTION 2SECTION 2• Feeling the Way Feeling the Way

They FeelThey Feel

• Reading errorReading error

• Mirror activityMirror activity

SECTION 3SECTION 3• Practical solutions-Practical solutions-

model lessonmodel lesson

WHAT IS DYSLEXIA?WHAT IS DYSLEXIA?

• The word dyslexia is derived from the The word dyslexia is derived from the Greek; ‘dys’ ( poor or inadequate) Greek; ‘dys’ ( poor or inadequate) and ‘lexis’ (words or language).and ‘lexis’ (words or language).

• It is a learning disability It is a learning disability characterized by problems in characterized by problems in expressive or receptive, oral or expressive or receptive, oral or written language.written language.

Historical BackgroundHistorical Background

• 1878- Dr. Kussmaul – stated a strange case about 1878- Dr. Kussmaul – stated a strange case about a man with normal intelligence but with reading a man with normal intelligence but with reading deficiency (named as reading blindness)deficiency (named as reading blindness)

• 1887- Dr. Berlin – (the word Dyslexia used for the 1887- Dr. Berlin – (the word Dyslexia used for the first time)first time)

• 1896- James Karr – Word Blindness1896- James Karr – Word Blindness• 1896- Dr. James Hinshelwood – Congenital Word 1896- Dr. James Hinshelwood – Congenital Word

BlindnessBlindness• 1924- Dr. Samuel T. Orton 1924- Dr. Samuel T. Orton

(neuropathologist/psychiatrist)- developed (neuropathologist/psychiatrist)- developed Multisensory Teaching MethodMultisensory Teaching Method

CAUSESCAUSES

1- Inherited Factors1- Inherited Factors

2- Hearing Problems at an early age2- Hearing Problems at an early age

1- Inherited Factors1- Inherited Factors

• Some cells (ectopic cells) are inactive Some cells (ectopic cells) are inactive in the brainin the brain

• Magno-cellular part of the brain is Magno-cellular part of the brain is smaller than the non-dyslexicssmaller than the non-dyslexics

• Unusual variation in left and right Unusual variation in left and right halves of the brain. Right halve is halves of the brain. Right halve is more activemore active

2- Hearing Problems at an 2- Hearing Problems at an early ageearly age

• Frequent throat infections during Frequent throat infections during childhood cause ‘glue ear’ or childhood cause ‘glue ear’ or conductive learning loss’. Late conductive learning loss’. Late diagnosis results with hearing diagnosis results with hearing impairment that phonetic awareness impairment that phonetic awareness can not be developedcan not be developed

SYMPTOMSSYMPTOMS

• GENERALGENERAL poor concentrationpoor concentrationHas difficulty following the Has difficulty following the

instructionsinstructionsForgetful of wordsForgetful of words

SYMPTOMSSYMPTOMS

• WRITTEN WORKWRITTEN WORKMessy workMessy workConfused letters (b-d/p-q)Confused letters (b-d/p-q)Poor handwritingPoor handwritingMisspelled wordsMisspelled words

SYMPTOMSSYMPTOMS

• READINGREADINGPoor reading progressPoor reading progressUnusual pronunciationUnusual pronunciationPoor reading comprehensionPoor reading comprehensionDifficulty in reading texts aloudDifficulty in reading texts aloudMissing out words when readingMissing out words when readingFailing to recognize familiar wordsFailing to recognize familiar wordsDifficulty in picking out the important pointsDifficulty in picking out the important points

SYMPTOMSSYMPTOMS

• NUMERACYNUMERACYConfusion with numbersConfusion with numbersProblems in sequential orders Problems in sequential orders

(months/days/tables/alphabet)(months/days/tables/alphabet)

SYMPTOMSSYMPTOMS

• TIMETIMEDifficulty in learning to tell the timeDifficulty in learning to tell the timePoor personal organizationPoor personal organizationDifficulty with concepts Difficulty with concepts

(yesterday/today/tomorrow)(yesterday/today/tomorrow)

SYMPTOMSSYMPTOMS

• SKILLSSKILLSPoor motor skillsPoor motor skillsLimited understanding of non-verbal Limited understanding of non-verbal

communicationcommunicationConfusion by the difference between Confusion by the difference between

left-right/up-down/east-westleft-right/up-down/east-westPerforms unevenly from day to dayPerforms unevenly from day to day

SYMPTOMSSYMPTOMS

• BEHAVIOURBEHAVIOUREmploys work avoidance tactics; Employs work avoidance tactics;

sharpening pencils, looking for bookssharpening pencils, looking for booksSeem sto dream, does not seem to Seem sto dream, does not seem to

listenlistenIs easily distractedIs easily distractedIs the class clownIs the class clownSuffers from lack of concentrationSuffers from lack of concentration

TYPES OF DYSLEXIATYPES OF DYSLEXIA

1- Literal Dyslexia1- Literal Dyslexia

2- Phonological Dyslexia2- Phonological Dyslexia

3- Neglect Dyslexia3- Neglect Dyslexia

4- Semantic Dyslexia4- Semantic Dyslexia

5- Spelling Dyslexia5- Spelling Dyslexia

6- Dyslexia with Dysgraphia6- Dyslexia with Dysgraphia

7- Dyslexia without Dysgraphia7- Dyslexia without Dysgraphia

1- Literal Dyslexia1- Literal Dyslexia

Failure in identifying letters, Failure in identifying letters, differentiating upper-lowercase differentiating upper-lowercase lettersletters

2- PHONOLOGICAL 2- PHONOLOGICAL DYSLEXIADYSLEXIA

• Failure in pronouncing letters and Failure in pronouncing letters and sounds with unfamiliar or complex sounds with unfamiliar or complex wordswords

3- NEGLECT DYSLEXIA3- NEGLECT DYSLEXIA

• Omitting some parts of the wordsOmitting some parts of the words

4- SEMANTIC DYSLEXIA4- SEMANTIC DYSLEXIA

• Twisting the meaning of a wordTwisting the meaning of a word

• Reading the word in the wrong way Reading the word in the wrong way (due to confusion with the meaning (due to confusion with the meaning of the word)of the word)

5- SPELLING DYSLEXIA5- SPELLING DYSLEXIA

• Failure in identifying individual Failure in identifying individual letters and reading wordsletters and reading words

6- DYSLEXIA WITH 6- DYSLEXIA WITH DYSGRAPHIADYSGRAPHIA

• Failure inFailure in writing words and letters writing words and letters understanding the meaning of wordsunderstanding the meaning of wordscombining the letter soundscombining the letter soundspronunciation of the unfamiliar pronunciation of the unfamiliar

wordswords

(DEEP DYSLEXIA)(DEEP DYSLEXIA)

7- DYSLEXIA WITHOUT 7- DYSLEXIA WITHOUT DYSGRAPHIADYSGRAPHIA

• Failure in reading but not in writingFailure in reading but not in writing

(PURE DYSLEXIA)(PURE DYSLEXIA)

FAMOUS DYSLEXICSFAMOUS DYSLEXICS

Who do you think this Who do you think this letter was written by?letter was written by?

This letter is written by a 19 This letter is written by a 19 year old boy!!!!!year old boy!!!!!

Dear mother-started store several weeks i have growed coisiderably I dont look much like a Boy now Hows all the fold did you receive a Box of Books Memphis that he promised to send them languages-Your son Al

Adapted from the book; Overcoming Dyslexia by Dr. Beve Hornsby

Thomas Alva Edison (1847-Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931)1931)

Who is he?Who is he?

• He was born in 1879He was born in 1879• He is arguably the greatest scientist He is arguably the greatest scientist

of all time. of all time. • He could not read until 9He could not read until 9• He was a brilliant mathematician and He was a brilliant mathematician and

physicist by 12physicist by 12• He lost 2 teaching jobs because of He lost 2 teaching jobs because of

his dyslexic difficultieshis dyslexic difficulties

Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein

Who is he?Who is he?

• He was born in 1840He was born in 1840

• His father once said ‘I have an idiot for a His father once said ‘I have an idiot for a son!’son!’

• His ubncle said he was ineducableHis ubncle said he was ineducable

• He was the worst student at schoolHe was the worst student at school

• He was given an honorary doctorate by He was given an honorary doctorate by Oxford University when he was sixty seven Oxford University when he was sixty seven years oldyears old

• He died in 1917He died in 1917

Auguste RodinAuguste Rodin (Famous French Sculptor) (Famous French Sculptor)

Some other famous dyslexics Some other famous dyslexics are…are…• Tom CruiseTom Cruise• Dustin HoffmanDustin Hoffman• Jack NicolsonJack Nicolson• Carl LewisCarl Lewis• Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin• Leonardo Da VinciLeonardo Da Vinci• CherCher• MozartMozart• Steven SpeilbergSteven Speilberg• Henry FordHenry Ford

• Steve McQueenSteve McQueen• Anthony HopkinsAnthony Hopkins• Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill• John F. KennedyJohn F. Kennedy• Walt DisneyWalt Disney• BeethovenBeethoven• John LennonJohn Lennon• Louise PasteurLouise Pasteur• Hans Christian Hans Christian

AndersonAnderson• Agatha ChristieAgatha Christie

Pros of being a dyslexic!!Pros of being a dyslexic!!

• CuriosityCuriosity• Willingness to ask Willingness to ask

questionsquestions• Ability to look at Ability to look at

things differently things differently (creative thinking)(creative thinking)

• Good sense of humourGood sense of humour• Lots of energyLots of energy• Lots of drive and Lots of drive and

ambitionambition• Ability to understand Ability to understand

conceptsconcepts

• Willingness to work hardWillingness to work hard• Good mechanical Good mechanical

abilitiesabilities• Good spatial abilitiesGood spatial abilities• Good artistic abilitiesGood artistic abilities• Good musical abilitiesGood musical abilities• Ability to focus for a Ability to focus for a

very long time ona task very long time ona task that interests themthat interests them

• Ability to recognize Ability to recognize patterns in a group of patterns in a group of seemingly unrelated seemingly unrelated datadata

Career ListCareer List

• ActorActor• ArchitectArchitect• Baker botanistBaker botanist• CarpenterCarpenter• ChefChef• ClownClown• Computer Computer

software/hardware software/hardware developerdeveloper

• Costume designerCostume designer• VeterinarianVeterinarian• WriterWriter

• DetectiveDetective• InventorInventor• Graphic artistGraphic artist• LawyerLawyer• MusicianMusician• PainterPainter• PhotographerPhotographer• PhysicistPhysicist• SurgeonSurgeon• Tatoo artistTatoo artist• TeacherTeacher

ALTERNATIVE TEACHING ALTERNATIVE TEACHING TECHNIQUESTECHNIQUES• Multisensory MethodMultisensory Methodhas been known as the most popular and has been known as the most popular and

useful way of educating dyslexic childrenuseful way of educating dyslexic childrenIt is based on guiding a dyslexic to use It is based on guiding a dyslexic to use

more than one of his/her sensesmore than one of his/her sensesVAKTVAKTVisualVisualAuditoryAuditoryKinestheticKinestheticTactileTactile

We hear, We forget

We see, We remember

We do, We understand

A Chinese ProverbA Chinese Proverb

Cited from Overcoming Dyslexia by Cited from Overcoming Dyslexia by Dr. Beve HornsbyDr. Beve Hornsby

SECTION 2SECTION 2

FEELING THE WAY THEY FEELFEELING THE WAY THEY FEEL

READINGREADING