DYNAVOIE : a reduced track model allowing long 3D ... · 1 DYNAVOIE : a reduced track model...
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DYNAVOIE : a reduced track model allowing long 3D simulation of train/track interaction.
Etienne Balmès, SDTools, Arts et Métiers ParisTech Patricia Ferreira, IST, Tecnico U. Lisboa Sofia Costa D'Aguiar, Emmanuel Laurans, SNCF RTSE Ballast : Issues & Challenges, Paris Dec 5-6, 2013
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Why DynaVoie ?
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Objective 1 : non-linear time domain train/track interaction model
– Time integration necessary
– Wheel/rail contact model, non-linear pads, non-linear ballast difficult
– Boundary elements and infinite space approaches do not live with NL transients
– Full 3D is too large for design work
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Why DynaVoie ?
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• Determination of properties – Initially : ballast as spring/dashpot but
identification of properties is difficult
– Retained : 3D model with elastic properties
• Size challenge – 1 slice 60 cm, quadratic = 25e3 DOF
– 200 m : 8 million DOF
– Storing : 20e3 steps ≈ 1 TB
• Proposed strategy – Cut track in sections
– Reduce slices based on periodic assumptions
– Compute transients using reduced slice model
– Output sampling and post-expansion
velocidadevelocidadevelocidadespeed
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SDTools & Structural Dynamics Toolbox
NASTRAN
ABAQUS
ANSYS
UFF / IDEAS
SAMCEF
PERMAS
Simulink
IDEAS Test
Adams Tests MATLAB
OpenFEM FEMlink
SDT, Visco, Rotor, …
Simulation
Runtime SDT
FEM
Meshing
CAD
Key competences • Model reduction & periodic/cyclic problems • Transients with contact & friction • Damping (viscoelastic & friction) • Experimental modal analysis, system
modeling
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Base meshing capabilities
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• Rail : beam/volume
• Pad : beam/volume
• Sleeper volume + beam
• Track : multilayer conform mesh – half, full, half double track, …
– Coarse to meshed
– Utilities to obtain quality meshes
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Periodic solutions
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• Periodic solutions – Periodic geometry {u(nDx)} allows Fourier
transform
– Complex periodic solution on base cell
– with continuity constraints
Classical approach in cyclic symmetry Used for tracks by Chebli/Clouteau/Modaressi 2004
• Target solutions for DynaVoie – Static response to load on rail : wavelength
inf, 8 , 4, 8/3, 2 cells
– Dynamic vectors for propagating waves 5 and 50 cells
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Reduction using periodic solutions
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• Reduction steps – Build a collection of periodic solutions
– Build orthogonal subspace basis T by solving
– Decompose mesh in main and interface superelements
– Use Rayleigh-Ritz reduction : T for main superelements T left/right for interface superelements
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Validation/verification of static
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Track box section (ballasted track)
Maximum Rail vertical displacements
-1.4
-1.2
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200
dz r
ail (
mm
)
Q/axle (kN)
Rail displacements
Measures Track Box Static 1
Measures Track Box Satic 2
ANSYS
Dynavoie
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Verification of reduction
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Verification : are equations solved correctly
• Statics : Fourier recomposition
• Dynamics : dispersion curves
Compression
Compression Shear
Shear
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Sensors
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• Translation
• Resultants
• Stresses/strains
• Selected places (test analysis correlation) or all sections (settling sensors, …)
• Dynamic observation limits memory
{y} = [cT] {qR}
• Work on interactivity important focus for usability
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Handling non-linearities
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• Simple penalized rail/wheel contact
• Vehicle as superelement with possible non-linearities
• Non-linear pads
Secondary supension
Primary suspension
Axle
Train direction
Kb11 Cb11
Kc Cc
Vehicle (Mc)
Kb21 Cb21
Bogie (Mb)
Me1 Me2
x
z
q
y
𝜎𝑔 = Λ ε𝑔 +
0 0 00 0 00 0 𝜎𝑁𝐿𝑔(ε𝑧𝑧 )
0
0 0
Isolated stiffer pad
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Localized non-linear pad
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• Chauconin, TGV Bogie, 1 stiffer pad
• Impact of localized NL quite clear in zlin-zNL
Vertical displacement, filtered
zlin-zNL in SubLayer
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Sample performance
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• Chauconin section mesh – Linear : 2300 nds, 1700 elt, 5000 DOF
– Quad : 8500 nds, 1700 elt, 20 000 DOF
• Reduction – < 100 Hz : main ≈ 100 shapes, interface ≈ 200
– Linear in 21 s (5000 free DOF)
– Quad : 78s (20 000 free DOF)
• Transient – 200 slices = 120m
20335 reduced DOFs, full ≈4e6 DOF
– Implicit : 55e3 steps, dt=2.4e-5 s ≈ 30 mn
– At fs=500 Hz, def= 100 MB
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
[10333 x 10333, nnz = 2184574, nz = 2184574]
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Model validation : IST objectives
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• Building up of current ballasted track (VB) track case
• Geometric mesh elements
• Physical and mechanical proprieties of track elements
• Validation of dynamic calculations of ballasted track
• Analysis of database of field measurements
• Statistical post processing of database
• Comparisons of calculated results with measured results
• Critical analysis of other type of track results
• Contributions to software evolution
• Assure accurate results
• Request of new features in software
• Work toward need of practical tool for daily railway engineering applications
CASE STUDY OF CHAUCONIN TRACK SITE
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Case study : Chauconin track site
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• Current Ballast Track
• Transition Zone
• Slab Track
Field Measurements : under commercial train circulation
Site Characterisation
Accelerometers Displacements
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Available measurements CASE STUDY OF CHAUCONIN TRACK SITE
•Analysis of database of field measurements
•Statistical post processing of database
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Model properties CASE STUDY OF CHAUCONIN TRACK SITE
Building up of VB track case model in Dynavoie
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Sample modes CASE STUDY OF CHAUCONIN TRACK SITE
Current ballasted track section (VB)
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Rail vertical displacements in time
Dynamic results : rail, pad CASE STUDY OF CHAUCONIN, BALLASTED TRACK
Railpad vertical displacements and force
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Sleepers, ballast, … displacement
• Expected decrease in space (bottom of sleeper, ballast, sub-layer, two levels in soil)
CASE STUDY OF CHAUCONIN TRACK SITE
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Sleeper acceleration (test/FEM) BALLASTED TRACK AT CHAUCONIN
Sleeper vertical accelerations Time signals @ 100 Hz
Comparison of numerical / measured values
Earlier validations : PhD IST 2010, Patricia Ferreira : Modelling and prediction of the dynamic behaviour of railway infrastructures at very high speeds
Train passage i1 Train passage i2
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Work in progress
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• Work on verification – Model convergence (refinement, slice size, …)
– Effect of inaccuracy on dispersion curves
– Strategies on damping modeling
– Reflections -> PML
• Extend/optimize software – Reactivate settling analysis (handled through
offset on zrail) with stress/deflection sensors
– Deal with parametric studies (effects of properties)
– Optimize performance and restitution
ddN
d
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Work in progress
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• Ballastless track – configuration, mechanical properties and
target simulations
• Longitudinal stiffness variation – Multiple slices built into a track
– Ballast / Slab track transition zones