Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta
-
Upload
ashely-burks -
Category
Documents
-
view
37 -
download
3
description
Transcript of Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta
![Page 1: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta
Niels Agatz
Joint work withAlan Erera, Martin Savelsbergh, Xing Wang
ARCFebruary 26, Atlanta
![Page 2: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Motivation
ObservationsCongestion is a major issue in urban areas
around the worldCongestion leads to
• Loss of productivity• Wasted fuel• Pollution
Private car occupancies are low• Average of 1.8 for leisure trips• Average of 1.1 for commuting trips
![Page 3: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Motivation
OpportunityEffective use of empty car seats can
• Reduce congestion• Reduce fuel consumption• Reduce pollution• Increase productivity
Enabling technology exists• GPS-enabled mobile devices• Mobile-to-mobile communication• Route guidance technology
Dynamic Ride-Sharing
![Page 4: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Outline
Introduction to dynamic ride-sharing A dynamic ride-share setting Solving the problem Simulation Metro Atlanta Simulation Results
![Page 5: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1. Announcement of trips
2. Matching of drivers and riders
3. Execution of identified trips
4. Sharing of trip costs
Dynamic ride-sharing: basics
Assumption: if no trip is identified, drivers and riders
use their own car to reach destination
![Page 6: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Dynamic ride-sharing: features
Dynamic: established on short-notice Non-recurring trips: different from carpooling Automated matching: different from online notice-
boards Independent drivers: different from taxis Cost-sharing: variable trip related expenses Prearranged: different from spontaneous, casual
ride-sharing
![Page 7: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Dynamic ride-sharing: providers
IPhone applications: Carticipate (Aug. ‘08) Avego (Dec. ‘08)
Google Android applications: Piggyback (May ‘08)
Web-based: Zebigo, PickupPal, Nuride, Rideshark, Ridecell,
Goloco, Zimride, …, etc.
![Page 8: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What is in it for participants?
Save costs by sharing fuel expenses and tolls Save time through use of HOV-lanes Save the planet
![Page 9: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What is in it for providers?
Private: take a cut of the participant’s cost savings
Public (society): decrease external costs of transportation: emissions, pollution, and traffic congestion
![Page 10: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Objectives
Participants: ↓ travel costs Private ride-share provider: ↓ total travel costs
↑ cut Society: ↓ pollution and traffic congestion
Objectives are aligned: ↓ system-wide vehicle miles, win-win-win
![Page 11: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ride-share Setting
Trip Announcement: Trips between origin - destination Role: driver, rider or flexible Participant wants to save $ At most: a single driver - a single rider No Transfers or multi-passenger trips
![Page 12: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Announcement: Time Information
Announcement time
Departure time
Latest arrival time
direct travel timeflexibility
time window for matching
Lead-time
EarliestLatest
Relative to duration of trip?
![Page 13: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Round Trips
Most trips in practice are round trips Announcement round trips: jointly or
separately? Rider may want assurance return ride before
departure Return trip alternatives?
![Page 14: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
System Dynamics
New announcements continuously enter and leave the system!
People leave becauseride-share was found Announcement expired
![Page 15: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Effectively Handling Dynamics
Run optimization at specific time intervals; After a given number of announcements.
Optimization Engine: Input: trip announcements Output: driver-rider matches
Commit tentative match as-late-as-possible! shortly before latest departure of ride-share
![Page 16: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Effectively Dealing with Dynamics
![Page 17: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Effectively Dealing with Dynamics
Run 1
Expired
![Page 18: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Effectively Dealing with Dynamics
Run 2
Ride-share finalized
![Page 19: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Simulation Environment
Based on traffic model data from ARC
![Page 20: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ride-share Characteristics
Focus: Home-based Work, SOV Ride-share participation rate (bc 2%) Driver – Rider ratio (bc 1:1) Announcement lead-time (abs) (bc 30 min) Time flexibility (abs) (bc 20 min)
![Page 21: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Announcement Generator
Randomly generate trip announcements based on o-d trip data:2024 Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZs)# work-related round trips per day: 2.96 million~ 87% single occupancy trips# O-D pairs: 2.90 millionmax # trips per O-D pair: 881min # trips per O-D pair: 0.01
![Page 22: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Generate time information:
1. Home-work Draw latest departure: 7:30am, sd. 1h Calculate: earl. departure, lat. arrival,
announcement
2. Work-home Draw time at work: 8 hour, sd. 30 min Add time at work to announcement times
Announcement Generator cont’d
![Page 23: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ride-share Scenarios
SEPAR: separate announcements for round trip, no guaranteed ride back
JOINT: joint announcement for round trip, guaranteed ride back (not necessarily with same driver!)
BOUND: all daily trips known upfront (no dynamics)
![Page 24: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Simulation Results
SUCCESS OUTWARD
(riders)
SUCCESS
RETURN
(riders)
∆ VHM ∆ TRIPS
SEPAR 76.4% 96.7% -28.7% -37.6%
JOINT 68.2% 100% -21.3% -33.7%
BOUND 75.0% 100% -24.0% -37.6%
-8.2! -0.6% of total trips
![Page 25: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Sensitivity
Increase/ decrease participation rate
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90
SUCCES RATE
VH
M S
AV
ING
S
1%
2%
5%
More + better matches!
![Page 26: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Sensitivity cont’d
Flexible roles → success rate ↑ ↑ time flexibility → success rate ↑ response time ↓ → success rate ↓ ↑ lead-time → success rate ↑
![Page 27: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Cost savings
Total daily system-wide savings: $53,000 20% cut Ride-share provider: $10,600 Viable business model?
Avg. savings pp matched: $1.4 (20%) Enough incentive to participate?
Input: $0.55 per mile (AAA 2007)
![Page 28: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Environmental benefits
System-wide vehicle-miles: -105,519 Vehicle Trips: -15,400
Emissions Hydrocarbons: -650 lbs/ day CO: -4000 lbs / day Oxides of Nitrogen: -323 lbs/ day
![Page 29: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
When can we find ride-shares?
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
departure time
succ
ess
rateDensity is good
![Page 30: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
What if we offer awards?
Subsidize ride-share by a fixed award per match
20.2
20.4
20.6
20.8
21.0
21.2
21.4
68.2 76.3 78.9
Success Rate
VH
M s
avin
gs
No award
Award = $0.55
Award = $1.10
$9,500 $19,000
+8% +2.5%
![Page 31: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Under development
Study system performance over time Key observations:
New participants try ride-sharing Dissatisfied participants may stop announcing
trips
Inspired by innovation diffusion models: Inflow new users dependent on size of user pool! Outflow depends on cumulative success rate
![Page 32: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Outlook
More realistic travel time settingsTime-dependent travel times
Behavioral modeling Match acceptanceCancelationsNo-showsChoices…
![Page 33: Dynamic Ride-sharing Systems: a Case Study in Metro Atlanta](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013004/5681344e550346895d9b35cf/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Thank You