Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy ... · Dynamic Power System Mirror for...
Transcript of Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy ... · Dynamic Power System Mirror for...
Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management SystemsFrom the dynamic control centre towards the next generation of power system control technology
Christoph Brosinsky
Power Systems Group
Technische Universität Ilmenau, Germany
Page 2 | Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management Systems | © Christoph Brosinsky, TU Ilmenau 2019
Technische Universität Ilmenau – IEES
Institute of Electric Power and Control Technologies (IEES)
Full Professorships Dept. of Power Systems (Dirk Westermann) Dept. of Switching Devices and Switchgears Dept. of Power Electronics Dept. of Electrical Machines Dept. of Electrical Process Engineering
Foundation Chairs Dept. of Energy Utilization Optimization Dept. of Industrial Electronics Dept. of Lightning and Overvoltage Protection
Research Groups High Voltage Technologies (Dr. Leu) Power Systems 2050 (Dr. Schlegel)
Senior Scientists / Postdocs / Research Associates 1 extraordinary Professor 1 honory Professor 3 private Lecturers 14 Postdocs ca. 80 Scientists and PhD Students
Page 3 | Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management Systems | © Christoph Brosinsky, TU Ilmenau 2019
Ilmenau located in the centre of Europe
radius 400 km
Ilmenau
radius 1750 km
Page 4 | Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management Systems | © Christoph Brosinsky, TU Ilmenau 2019
Latest Research Projects
HVDC P2P, FACTS, PST, etc.
HVDC-Grid, Overlay(Operation of new grid structures)
Next Generation Control Center,Digital Transformation and Automation
REGEES
OVANET 1.0
GleichMorgen
DynaGridControlCenter (DGCC)
VEREDELE (FACDS)
TSO
DSO
HyLite (Q4.18 – Q4.2021)
OVANET 2.0 (Q4.18 – Q4.21)
VEREDELE 2.0
VNB-DC (Q1.19 – Q2.21)
InnoSys 2030 (Q4.18 – Q4.21)
TSO
/ D
SO
planning phase
completed
approval stage
currently running
16:49 | Page 5 | Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management Systems | © Christoph Brosinsky, TU Ilmenau 2019
Motivation
Faster and larger changes in operation, rising variability and uncertainty, new sensor data New flexibility options (e.g. VSC-HVDC, dynamic line rating (DLR), demand side management (DSM) Less time to take decisions New operator assistant systems needed Accurate dynamic models required to address arising challenges in close to real time (C2RT) operation
Possible new control center EMS applications: Continuous analysis and anomaly detection Prediction of future operational states Optimization of unit controls to address
dynamic system stability Reduction of unplanned outages trough
continuous online monitoring and optimal maintenance schedule
Continuous operator training on the job
Dig
ital T
win
-ce
ntric
arc
hite
ctur
eG
rid-
dyna
mic
s
Dynamization Degree
Future
3rd Generation:„Dynamic“ Control Room Applications
4th Generation:„Dynamic Digital Mirror“
Now
16:49 | Page 6 | Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management Systems | © Christoph Brosinsky, TU Ilmenau 2019
Towards automation of power system operation
Electric power system in the process of a digital transformation Increased need for operative interventions in C2RT operation in
the future Repetitive work processes will be automatically evaluated and
executed in the future Shift in the areas of responsibility of the control center
personnel to be expected Future support of C2RT operations management through highly
automated assistance systems
GUI
Confirm setpoint adaption ?
NoYes
[1] A. M. Prostejovsky, C. Brosinsky, K. Heussen, D. Westermann, J. Kreusel and M. Marinelli, “The future role of human operators in highly automated electric power systems,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 175, p. 105883, 2019.
16:49 | Page 8 | Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management Systems | © Christoph Brosinsky, TU Ilmenau 2019
State of the Art Control Center Technologies – „Siemens SIGUARD® Family“
Dynamic EMS Tools can cover power system dynamic phenomena Time synchronized, high resolving Measurements enable new methodologies for system analysis New Data sources lead to new possible strategies for system operation
Dynamic Security Assessment (DSA)
OptimizedOperation
SIGUARD® DSADynamic Security Assessment
Selective Protection settings
Adaptive Configurationof Protection Devices
SIGUARD® PSAProtection Security Assessment
Event Classification
SIGUARD® DC
Pattern recognition
Disturbance ClassificationSIGUARD® PDP
Wide Area Monitoring System
SyncrophasorProcessing
Phasor Data Processing
Enhanced“Situation Awareness”
State Estimator Results
Protection DeviceSettings
SyncrophasorAnalytics
16:49 | Page 9 | Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management Systems | © Christoph Brosinsky, TU Ilmenau 2019
Seconds / MinutesMilliseconds (RMS)
InterconnectedPower System
RTU
„Classic steady-stateEMS“ Functions
„DynaGridCenter“EMS Functions
Phasordata ProcessingDynamic Security
Assessment IEC 61850 compatible
DatabaseDynamic Phenomena
New operator support Functions
Wide Area Protection / Control Adaptive Protection SettingsDynamic Security Assessment Preventive / curative measures Event Classification Parameteradaption
(Controllers) IEC 61850 compliant HVDC-
Substation controller link
Applications Transmission System Operation
SCADA Interface and Database State EstimationQuasi-stationary phenomena
PMU
C37
.118
IEC1
04
Functionalities of the „Dynamic Control Centre“
16:49 | Page 10 | Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management Systems | © Christoph Brosinsky, TU Ilmenau 2019
Concept of corrective measures in hybrid AC-HVDC Grids
Remedial Action Schemes (RAS) based on thetechnological characteristcs of VSC-HVDC converters in parallel operation to the HVAC-system NERC: Remedial Action Scheme (RAS) ENTSO-E: Special Protection Scheme Corrective measures are applied
(automatically) after a specific event in thepower system (e.g. n-1 security violation)
System security is maintainded due to a change of the VSC-HVDC operational setpoint
Activation is decentrally and event based Setpoint and activation criteria calculation in
advance is part of the (new) system operationschedule (e.g., in 15 min intervals)
pVSC,2
emergencynormal
pVSC,1
50%
100%
t
loading
1 1
50%
100%
t
loading
pVSC,2
pVSC,1
emergencynormal
2
16:49 | Page 11 | Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management Systems | © Christoph Brosinsky, TU Ilmenau 2019
The HVDC-RAS as possible new EMS Application
[2] F. Sass, T. Sennewald and D. Westermann, "Automated Corrective Actions by VSC-HVDC-systems: A novel Remedial Action Scheme," in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2019.
training of classifier
time-domain simulation
database
dynamic model
feature extraction feature extraction
online measurements (PMU)historic PMU data
event detection
physical system
classification & identificationt0 + (300-500 ms)t0 + (50-150 ms)
Protection system (circuit breakers)
Local identification Activation of corrective actions
t0 + (500 ms)
Determination and execution of HVDC-based Remedial Action Schemes
Automatic activation of remedial actions based on characteristic fingerprint of failures
Feature extraction (determination of fault patterns) highly depend on correct dynamic model of the power system
0 1 2 3 40
20
40
60
80
100
120
ther
mal
line
load
ing
/ %
5 t/s
AC branch: 24-49AC branch: 25-43AC branch: 47-59
w. HVDC-RASwo. HVDC-RAS
0 1 2 3 4 5 t/s
1500
1000
500
0
-500
-1000
P VSC
/ M
W
VSC1VSC2VSC3VSC5VSC6VSC7
16:49 | Page 12 | Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management Systems | © Christoph Brosinsky, TU Ilmenau 2019
The „Digital Twin“ an Emerging Technology
Digital Twin: The Digital Twin: a widely used marketing term for a system, which can reflect the physical conditions
of a system, process or object Digital representation of a physical system connected to the real system via sensor data streams Provides advanced functions for data analysis
Dynamic Digital Mirror: A dynamic system model which "mirrors" the system state Objective: to provide a valid dynamic model instance that enables other functions to perform power
system analyses Continuous model parameter tuningTarget function:
Minimization of model errors Increase model accuracy
16:49 | Page 13 | Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management Systems | © Christoph Brosinsky, TU Ilmenau 2019
Towards new instances in the control room EMS
SCADA
State Estimation
TelecontrolIEC 60870-5-104
IEC 61850
Phasor DataConcentrator
EMS Applications
IEE
E C
37.1
18
Steady State Assessment
PMU PMU
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Control Room
RTU IED
OperatorTeam
Dynamic Assessment
IEE
E C
37.1
18SCADA
State Estimation
TelecontrolIEC 60870-5-104
IEC 61850
Phasor DataConcentrator
EMS Applications
IEE
E C
37.1
18
Steady State Assessment
PMU PMU
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Control Room
RTU IED
Operator Team
Dynamic Assessment
HIL Device
Virtual Sensor
Virtual Actuator
IEE
E C
37.1
18
Dynamic Digital Mirror
„Digital Twin“ Applications
[3] C. Brosinsky, D. Westermann and R. Krebs, "Recent and prospective developments in power system control centers: Adapting the digital twin technology for application in power system control centers," IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON), Limassol, 2018, pp. 1-6.
[4] C. Brosinsky, T. Sennewald, R. Krebs, and D. Westermann, “Applicational Concept for a Dynamic Power System Mirror in the Control Room,” in Proc. Cigré Symposium Aalborg, 2019.[5] C. Brosinsky, X. Song, and D. Westermann, “Digital Twin – Concept of a Continuously Adaptive Power System Mirror,” in Proc. Internationaler ETG-Kongress, Esslingen am Neckar, 2019.
16:49 | Page 14 | Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management Systems | © Christoph Brosinsky, TU Ilmenau 2019
Concept of the Dynamic Power System Mirror
System Data Aquisition
Data Validation & Improvement
System Modeling
System Analysis Tools
Operational Planning &
Control
Parameter Tuning
Assistance Systems
DynamicDigital Mirror
Asset Data
Process Data
Data Storage
Data “Conditioning“
Model Builder(time-domain)
1 2 3 4
1 2
[ ' ']
[ ][ ] [ ]
Tq d
T
T Tm fd
x e e
x x x xu T E u u
δ ω= ∆
=
= =
Real & Virtual Data Streaming
Data Integration
RTUPMU
16:49 | Page 15 | Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management Systems | © Christoph Brosinsky, TU Ilmenau 2019
Towards Implementation and Testsetup
Load step in original system (Load 2: P -40 %, Q: -50%)
i = 0
i > imax
i = i +1
Get initial state variablesand system conditions
from DT database (t = t0)
Reduce Δt
EndSingularity
likely
Δt < Δtmin
Event occured?
ComputeΔx and Δy
Numerical integration
routine
Process Data Interface
|Δx(i)|, |Δy(i)| <ε
Update x and y Output
Export CriterionUpdate Δt
Export state to DT Database
no
yes
no yes
yes
yes
no
16:49 | Page 16 | Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management Systems | © Christoph Brosinsky, TU Ilmenau 2019
New „Digital Twin centric“ Control Center Architecture
Seconds / MinutesMilliseconds (RMS)
Physical GridSensor
“State-of-the-Art“Dynamic Control Center
“Augmented“ Dynamic Control Center
Data Analytics Data Science Dynamic Modelling Virtual Sensor Data
“Digital Twin“ centric EMS utilizing “Dynamic Digital Mirror“
“Quasi“-stationaryphenomena
Phasor data processing Dynamic phenomena
Sensor
„Digital Twin“ Database Dynamic System Model Model Parameter Tuning Real-time Visualisation Disturbance Analysis and Classification Enhanced Observability Rising Situation Awareness Adaptive System Protection Data Integrity and Reliability
Dynamic Digital Mirror (DDM)Real Time Simulation Environment Virtual SensorVirtual Sensor
PMU
16:49 | Page 17 | Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management Systems | © Christoph Brosinsky, TU Ilmenau 2019
Possible new EMS Applications
[4] C. Brosinsky, T. Sennewald, R. Krebs, and D. Westermann, “Applicational Concept for a Dynamic Power System Mirror in the Control Room,” in Proc. Cigré Symposium Aalborg, 2019.
Unification of Control Room EMS Application Interfaces• Single operational interface for a clear understanding and a unified work flow• Potential to interconnect stationary and the dynamic monitoring and control applications
KPI Development and Evaluation of Operational Performance• Tracking of power system reliability and operational performance through KPIs, e.g.: • Frequency and voltage level tracking, recovery speed and stability assessment• Availability of reserves (e.g. demand response, dynamic line rating)• Efficiency of preventive and curative actions including automatic RAS• Response time to certain event types
Basis for new Operator Assistance Systems• Quick decision support in similar future situations• Evaluation of decision processes in a dynamic simulation environment• Enhancement of operator knowledge about dynamic phenomena during system operation• Real-time trending of system stability indicators• Look ahead projection for development of mitigation strategies
Control and Optimisation - Considering Transient Stability• Dynamic system model offers new information for optimization constraints e.g. for Transient Stability Constrained Optimal
Power Flow (TSCOPF) • Optimisation of unit controls to address dynamic system stability
16:49 | Page 18 | Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management Systems | © Christoph Brosinsky, TU Ilmenau 2019
Conclusion
Conclusion All necessities for a DT-centric control center are already
existing Physics-based models integrating data-streams can be core
application of EMS in control centers Analytics and data science will be an integrated part of future
power system operation
Obstacles for deployment: High computational demand for real time implementation and
processing of large amounts of real-time data Reliable long term stable numerical integration routines are
necessary A trustworthy confidence level of the mirrored system state has
to be defined Tradeoff between excessive simplified models (does not unveil the value the approach
promises) and a very accurate approach (might lead to unbearable complexity)
Real-Time Monitoring
Real-Time Applications
Control Center PDC & PDP
PDC Guide IEEE C37.244PDC Standard IEEE PC37.247
Data Storage
PMU
PMU
PMU
Substation PDC
Test Guide for Installation & Calibration, IEEE C37.242
TimingStandardsIEEE 1588IEEE C37.238IEC 61850-9-3
Measurement StandardsIEEE C37.118-1IEC 60255-118-1
Data Storage Standard IEEE C37.111
Communication StandardsIEEE C37.118-2IEC 61850-90-5
PMU
Offline Data Analysis
State Estimation
Digital Twinning
GPS
[3] C. Brosinsky, D. Westermann and R. Krebs, "Recent and prospectivedevelopments in power system control centers: Adapting the digital twintechnology for application in power system control centers," IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON), Limassol, 2018, pp. 1-6.
Thank you very much for your attention!
Christoph Brosinsky [email protected] Systems GroupTechnische Universität Ilmenau, Germany
16:49 | Page 20 | Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management Systems | © Christoph Brosinsky, TU Ilmenau 2019
Model Tuning Approaches
MeasurementSCADA/ PMU
MeasurementSCADA/ PMU
Model Component 1
IdentificationFunction
ComparatorΣ(xmeas-xsim)p
ΔParameter i
xmeas
xmeas
xsim
xsimModel
Component n
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5
Pmeas Pinit Pest
Qmeas Qinit Qest
Pin
MW
/ Q in
MV
Ar
t in s
max
0
2, ,
1| ( ( ) ( )) |
t n
meas i sim i iit
e x t x t w dt=
= −∑∫xmeas,i is the measured response of device i,Xsim,i is the simulated response of device i,w is the weighting factor.
Parameter Estimation
16:49 | Page 21 | Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management Systems | © Christoph Brosinsky, TU Ilmenau 2019
Case Study HVDC-RAS
[6] F. Sass, T. Sennewald, A.-K. Marten, and D. Westermann, “Mixed AC high-voltage direct current benchmark test system for security constrained optimal power flow calculation,” IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 447–455, 2017.
Case study performed on test system presented in [6] Outage of a highly loaded AC interconnector
→ Overloading of parallel interconnector (107 %) Identification of contingency 400 ms after CB trip Ramp up of converter set-points in 410 ms Steady state line loading roughly 2 s after
contingency event
0 1 2 3 40
20
40
60
80
100
120
ther
mal
line
load
ing
/ %
0 1 2 3 4 5 t/s
1500
1000
500
0
-500
-1000
P VSC
/ M
W
VSC1VSC2VSC3VSC5VSC6VSC7
5 t/s
AC branch: 24-49AC branch: 25-43AC branch: 47-59
w. HVDC-RASwo. HVDC-RAS
16:49 | Page 22 | Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management Systems | © Christoph Brosinsky, TU Ilmenau 2019
Scenario – State of the Art (no HVDC-RAS available)
Observed network is not n-1-safe at an operating point Failure of a 400 kV line Rated current of parallel line exceeded Failure is reported to the operator in the control room in the
alarm list Curtailment of power plants and renewable energy feeders
causes redispatch costsAlarm informs control room
operator
Limit violation of AC-line
current
16:49 | Page 23 | Dynamic Power System Mirror for Application in Energy Management Systems | © Christoph Brosinsky, TU Ilmenau 2019
Scenario – New Dynamic Control Centre Feature: HVDC-RAS
Failure of a 400 kV line HVDC operating point is adapted to the HVDC station by
decentralised intelligence after fault pattern recognition Line failure does not lead to congestion (anymore)
HVDC setpoint change AC-Line
currents
Dynamic frequency response
Dynamic voltage phasors