Dynamic Islanding of Critical Infrastructures, a Suitable Strategy to Survive and Mitigate Critical...
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Transcript of Dynamic Islanding of Critical Infrastructures, a Suitable Strategy to Survive and Mitigate Critical...
Dynamic Islanding of Critical Infrastructures, a Suitable Strategy to Survive and Mitigate Critical Events
Joint Infrastructure Interdependencies Research Program – UBC TeamJ.A. Hollman, J.R. Martí, J. Jatskevich, K.D. Srivastava
THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Presentation Outline
• Introduction of JIIRP Project
• Motivation
• Event & Infrastructure Interdependencies
• Dynamic Islanding of CIs Strategy
• Challenges
• Conclusions
JIIRP Project characteristics
• Six Canadian Universities involved
– The University of British ColumbiaDecision making for critical linkages in infrastructure networks
– York UniversityModel interdependencies for emergency management using geographic
decision support systems– University of Saskatchewan
Develop models that simulate critical infrastructure networks – École Polytechnique de Montréal
Study interdependencies and domino effects in life-supporting networks– University of Toronto
Model of infrastructure interdependencies through an analysis of stakeholder needs, risks, and competencies
– University of GuelphWays to improve resilience of water infrastructure and health response
systems against waterborne diseases
JIIRP Project characteristics (Cont.)
• UBC Multidisciplinary research group
– Department of Electrical & Computer EngineeringModelling & Simulation Physical & Human Layers
– Department of Civil EngineeringEarthquake Risk Assessment
– Department of Computer ScienceData Integration & Visualization
– Sauder School of BusinessBusiness continuation
– Department of GeographyGIS
– Centre for Teaching and Academic Growth Society Response
• Funded by Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada (PSEPC) with contribution from Industry partners– Telus, BCTC, GVRD, YVR, BCHydro
Motivation
Modernization of the Emergency Preparedness Act – Government of Canada
Focused on:
• Modern Emergency Management• Ensuring Government of Canada Readiness• Seamless Emergency Management• Effective Partnerships• Information Sharing• Reliable and Resilient Critical Infrastructures
Emergency Management Stages
Normal Alert Emergency Recovery
Months to years Days to weeks Hours to days Days to months
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Physiological
Safety
Love/Belonging
Esteem
Being
Emergency Management Stages (cont.)
• Efforts traditionally target Preparedness and Response
• Deep knowledge of CIs and its interdependencies is needed to successfully improve Mitigation
• Mitigation provides best cost-benefit ratio• Interdependencies dynamics make almost
impossible to increase Global resiliency
Emergency Management Stages (cont.)
Mitigation Key areas:– Leadership and Coordination– Hazard Identification– Education and Information Dissemination– Partnerships among Gov-CIs operators– Incentives
We need to know not only the weaknesses of CIs but also their critical interdependencies. The goal is to identify boundaries imposed by weak links among CIs.
Dynamic Critical Infrastructures Interdependencies
Electric
Power PlantSubstation
Transmission
FoodDistribution center
Production centerLocal store
Water
PurificationPlant
Pump Station
Pipe
Oil & Gas
Refinery
Oil Field Compressor Station
Communications
PhoneInternet
Mobile
Transportation
Local roadBridge Regional Highway
Emergency Responders
FirefighterParamedic
Hospital
911 E-Comm
Critical EventLocal road
Dynamic Islanding of CIs Strategy
• The network is segmented into “self- sufficient islands” to prevent cascading effects.
• An island must be able to survive on its own for a limited time period. Beyond this period help needs to be coordinated and delivered from the external world
• Restoration of vital links to the islands constitutes the recovery process
• Panic control and prevention of cascading effects requires immediate response
• Islanding is much less expensive than the redundancy approach
Advantages of Dynamic Islanding of CIs
• Increases survivability of the network.
• Minimizes the restoration time.
• Decreases impact of Cascading events by identifying high-load nodes.
• Dynamic definition of islands for different levels of quality service or catastrophe scenarios.
• Optimization of network upgrades.
Dynamic interdependencies flow analysis of CIs for Decision Makers
Surveyinfrastructure
operators
Identification ofInterdependencies
betweeninfrastructures
Modeling andSimulation of
Networkinterdepencies
Selection offundamental
NCIs
Identification ofcritical
interdependenciesand
risk analysis
Analysis of decision chartsand Emergency
Contingency plans
Re-definition of Islands in Networkinfrastructures, considering critical
interdependencies, to increasesurvival rate
• Different Islanding schemes will be appropriate for different Emergency scenarios
Dynamic interdependencies flow analysis of CIs for Decision Makers (cont.)
Threat Risk Matrix
EmergencyScenarios
CriticalInfrastructures
Structure
InterdependenciesAnalysis
SimulationInitialization
Individual CisEmergency
contingency plans
CisDecision Makers
Simulation
Optimal TokenFlow
Island andWellnessMapping
Dynamic Islanding of CIs Strategy, How to implement it?
1. Identification of NCIs for most Critical Emergency Scenarios
2.Partnerships among NCIs operators and Government
3. Identification of Cells, Nodes and Islands
4.Pre-established Decision Hierarchy depending on Emergency Scenario
5. Incentives (e.g. sleeping contracts)
6.Long term Mitigation oriented plans
Ontology
• Tokens: goods needed by cells• Cells: entity that performs a function• Nodes: group of cells separated from other
groups by transportation channels• Islands: geographically close set of nodes that
can satisfy a given survivability index for a certain period of time. Its boundaries are defined by “design/operational CIs weaknesses”
• Transportation Channels: tokens are moved from one node to another through channels
Challenges
• Identification of Interdependencies (Implies disclosure of sensitive information)
• Cooperation among NCIs operators and Gov.
• Management of sensitive information (central vs. distributed)
• Panic control
Conclusions
• Mitigation as a long term policy based on Dynamic Islanding can increase the global resiliency by avoiding CIs collapse due to cascade failure
• Collaboration among CIs operators and Gov. agencies is key to success
Thank you!