Dynamic English for Beginners interrogativo, QUÉ ..…....….."what" Pronombre relativo compuesto...

Curso de Inglés para principiantes (1) Dynamic English for Beginners (American English)

by Carlos Mirasierras

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Dynamic English for Beginners by Carlos Mirasierras

Curso de Inglés para principiantes.

PFD Nº 1

Índice de contenidos:

Artículos determinados, EL, LA, LOS, LAS………………………………………………………..…..….. "the"

Verbos SER o ESTAR, HABER o TENER, HACER e IR……………... "to be, to have, to do, to go"

Preposiciones, CON & SIN…..……………………………………………………..…….…….."with & without "

Artículos indeterminados, UN / UNA……….………………………………………………………… "A (An)"

Artículo determinados en plural, UNOS, UNAS………………………………………….…………..."some"

Pronombres demostrativos ESTE, ESTA……………………..………………………………………..…"this"

Pronombres demostrativos ESE, ESA……………………………..…………………………………….…"that"

Pronombres demostrativos, ESTOS, ESTAS…………………………………………………………..."these"

Pronombres demostrativos, ESOS, ESAS……………………….....………………………………..…"those"

Verbo SER / ESTAR conjugado………………………..........................................."Iam, you are, he is…"

Verbo SER /ESTAR conjugado con ejemplos en afirmación, negación e interrogación…………………………………………………I'm, am I not?, are you not? Are they?, etc"

Pronombre interrogativo, QUÉ…………………………………………………………………..…....….."what"

Pronombre relativo compuesto LO QUE………………………………………………………..….…."what"

Pronombre interrogativo / relativo, CUÁL, CUAL……………………………………………..…."which"

Adverbio interrogativo y relativo DÓNDE, DONDE……………………………………..……...."where"

Verbo TENER / HABER

Pron. Interro. de cant. CUÁNTO, CUÁNTA, CUÁNTOS, CUÁNTAS…...How much, how many"

Conj. Temp. y Adv. Temp. CUÁNDO, CUANDO………………………………………………..….…."when"

Estructura gramatical del haber, HAY……………………………………………….."there is, there are"

Locución adverbial y Conj. causal POR QUÉ, PORQUE………………………………"why, because"



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Sentences with:

The (definite article)

The man, the men, the woman, the women, the car, the cars, the house,

the houses, the dogs, the cats, the tree, the trees, the air, the fire, the

soul.

The

air: aire

car: coche; cars: coches

cat: gato; cats: gatos

dog: perro dogs: perros

fire: fuego

house: casa; houses: casas

man: hombre; men: hombres;

soul: alma

tree: árbol; trees: árboles

woman: mujer; women: mujeres

First present tense verbs (los primeros verbos en presente indicativo):

To be (ser o estar)

I am (soy/estoy)

you are (eres/estás;

he (es/está)

we are (somos/estamos)

you are (sois/estais);

they are (son/están)

To have (tener o haber)

I have (tengo/he

You have (tienes/has)

He has (tiene/ha)

We have (tenemos/habenos

You have (teneis/habeis)

They have (tienen/han

To do (hacer)

I do (hago)

You do (haces)

He does (hace)

We do (hacemos)

You do (haceis

They do (hacen)

To go (ir)

I go (voy)

You go (vas)

He goes (va)

We go (vamos)

You go (vamos)

They (go) (van)

Present tense of "be" (ser o estar) :

The man is in the street now; he is in the street.

The woman is in the shop; she is in the shop.

The women dressed in white are at the station.

The racing car broke down in the middle of the race.

The house is situated near the harbor (port).

The dogs are down in the basement.

The trees of the park are home to many birds.

The air is filled with a smell of ripe fruit.

The number of people with diabetes is increasing (or on the rise).



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The members of the club are very satisfied with the changes.

To be

at the station: en / por la estación (o inmediaciones)

broke down: se averió

down in the basement: abajo en el sótano

dressed in white: vestidas (ellas) de blanco

filled with: lleno de, cargado de

harbor (port): puerto

home to many birds: hogar/refugio para muchas aves (this place is home to many people)

in the shop: en la tienda

In the stree now: en la calle ahora

is increasing: está aumentando / en aumento

is situated: está situada/o

middle of the race: en (la) mitad de la carrera)

near the harbor: cerca del puerto (near the sea/road/wall/door: cerca de: mar/carretera/pared,etc.)

number of people: número de personas

racing car: coche de carreras

smell of ripe fruit: olor a (de) fruta madura) very satisfied: muy satisfecho(s)

with the changes: con los cambios

Present tense of "have" (tener o haber):

I have some money in my pocket / I have to go today to the post office.

You have the solution to the problem / you have to write the letter

He/she has the all the keys / he/ has to do his homework

We have the money that we need / we have to sign the deal.

You both have a nice house / you have to take care of him

They have the best wine / they have to put the things in order.

To have

all the keys: todas las llaves

best wine: mejor wino

both: ambos, los dos

have to go: tengo que/he de ir

him: él (he<>him) (le di el dinero: I gave him the money)

his homework: sus (de él) deberes (school tasks)

nice house: casa bonita, agradable

post office: oficina postal, de correos

some money: algo de dinero

that we need: que (nosotros) necesitamos

the deal: trato, acuerdo, pacto, etc

the letter: la carta



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to do: hacer

to put (the things in order): poner ( las cosas en orden)

to sign: firmar

to take care of: cuidar de, encargarse de

to the problem: al problema

to write: escribir

Present tense of "do":

I do my exercises every morning.

You do things that are not normal.

He does the best he can.

We always do what they say.

You do the things that people cannot do

They do the best milkshakes in town.

To do

Every morning: cada mañana

that are not normal: que no son normales

that people cannot (can't) do: que la gente no puede hacer

the best he can: lo mejor que puede (aquí" can" no lleva la "s" típica del presente de indicativo de casi todos los verbos)

the best milkshakes in town: los mejores batidos en el pueblo

what they say: lo que (ellos) dicen

With & without (con & sin)

A car with four doors is a four-door car.

She is with me, not with him.

We eat Indian food with our hands.

A house with a splendid sight on the sea.

The ship is loaded with wood.

I am without money.

Without questioning the orders

He signed the deal without knowing it (without knowing what he was

signing).

With & without

four-door car: coche de cuatro puertas

he signed the deal: (él) firmó el acuerdo, trato, etc



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is loaded with: está cargado de (con)

sight on the sea: vista al (sobre el) mar

what he was signing: lo que estaba firmando

we eat: (nosotros) comemos

with a splendid: con una esplendida/o

with me :conmigo

with our hands: con (nuestras) las manos

without knowing it: sin saberlo (saber ello)

without questioning the orders: sin cuestionar las órdenes

The use and absence of the article "the".

Wine in Spain is, in general, very good, but the wine of this region is excellent.

Flour is made from wheat, but the flour in this pot is made from maize.

Butter is a dairy product, but the butter produced in this farm is the best.

Trees are plants, but the trees of this road are ill.

Men are rational animals, but the men of this club are good sportsmen.

Cats are animals, but the cat on the roof is mine.

People tend to be generous, but the people of this generation are better informed.

Indefinite article in singular(Artículo indefinido singular: un , una)

A, before singular words beginning with a consonant: A car, a house, a book, a wall, a PC, a show, a shoe, a pen, a street, a bike, a tree, a road, a person, etc.

Exemptions, words that have a "yoo"(iu en español) sound: a European, a useful method, a university,



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An, before singular words beginning with a vowel: An apple, an example, an old show, an old bike, an egg, an article, an explosion, an accident, an ant, an animal, an interesting book, an ambassador, an American, an Indian, an important case, and so on.

Indefinite article in plural (Artículo determinado plural: unos, unas)

Some, before plural words: Some cars, some house, some books, some walls, some PC's, some shows, some shoes, some pens, some streets, some bikes, some trees, some roads, some people, some apples, some examples, some old shows, some old bikes, some eggs, some articles, some explosions, some accidents, some ants, some animals, some interesting books, some ambassadors, some Americans, some Indians; some important cases, etc.

Sentences with:

This (Este, esta, esto)

This is a history book; it's on the table, and the table is in this room.

This is a PC; it's my PC and it is two-years old; it's a two-year-old PC.

This is the house that I want to buy when I have the money.

This is the first rule to take into account

This is not the best remedy for your ills. This is not best the street of the city.

This isn't the same seller who visited us last year.

This isn't an apple, it's a pear. This isn't your car, it's mine.

This isn't the first book that he wrote, it's the second.

Is this beautiful painting for sale? Yes. It is, and the price is very good.

Is this road as long as it seems? It's even longer than you can imagine.

Is this pain the result of an infection? Maybe.

This is — is this?—

this is not — this

isn't — is not

this?— isn't this?



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Is this a sofa or an armchair? It's a sofa because it's a three-person seat.

Is not (isn't) this the best proof that this car is a good purchase? Yes, I agree with you.

Isn't this the watch that you lost a year ago. It seems it is.

Isn't this the best gift for her birthday? I think that she deserves something better.

Isn't this story too good to be true? It in fact sounds too good to me.

a good purchase: una buena compra

a three-person seat: un asientopara tres personas

as long as it seems: tan larga como parece (as……as: tan…..como)

best gift: mejor regalo

best proof (that this car): mejor prueba (que este coche)

even longer than: aún más larga que

for sale: en venta

for your ills: para tus males

her birthday: su (de ella)cumpleaños

history book: libro de historia

I agree with you: (yo) estoy de acuerdo contigo (I agree with you/him/her/them/Peter, etc.)

I want to buy: quiero comprar

in fact: de hecho

is two years old: tiene (es) dos años

it also sounds: también (la historia) suena

it seems it is: parece que sí / que lo es (it seems it is not: parece que no lo es)

on the table: sobre la mesa

something better: algo mejor

sounds good to me: me suena bien (suena bien la idea)

take into account: tener en cuenta

that he wrote: que (él) escibrió

that I want to buy: que quiero comprar

that she deserves: que (ella) (se) merece

that you lost a year ago: que perdiste hace un año (a year ago, two/three/ four years ago)

the same seller: el mismo vendedor

too good to me: demasiado bien para me (to me, this is a lie: para mí, esto es una mentira)

watch: reloj (de pulsera)(clock: reloj de pared)

when I have the money: cuando tengo (tenga) el dinero

who visited us (last year): que (quien) nos visitó (el año pasado)

you can imagine: (tú) puedas/puedes imaginar



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That (Ese, esa, eso, aquel, aquella)

That car is quite old.

That's the man who is in charge of the team.

That is a residue from the rain that fell last month.

That's what happens when people get drunk.

Is that the car that nearly caught fire in the garage? No, it was removed

by the tow truck.

Is that wall as tall as the rest of walls? It's exactly the same size.

Is that chair made of wood or metal? It's made of aluminum.

Is that the only cause of the failure? No. there are many more causes

That's not my problem, it's yours.

That's not the shape of a woman.

That's not the origin of this disease.

That's not what she said when she was asked

Isn't that the definition of insanity? But only for a few.

Isn't that a reason to think that the story is false? It is in fact.

Isn't that love at first sight? I think it only has to do with sex.

Isn't that better than nothing? It's always better something than nothing.

a few: unos pocos

as tall as: tan alta como (as…as: tan…como)

at first sight: a primera vista

better than nothing: mejor que nada

failure: fallo

for a few: para unos pocos

get drunk: se emborracha (to get drunk: emborracharse)

in fact: de hecho

it only has to do with: sólo tiene que ver con

it's always better: es siempre mejor (más vale)

it's yours: es ( problema) tuyo (it's mine/yours/his/hers/ours/theirs: es mío/tuyo/suyo…….)

made of wood: hecho/a de

many more: muchas más (causas)

quite old: bastante viejo

removed by: retirado por (to remove the air from the bag: sacar el aire de la bolsa)

that fell (last month): que cayó (el mes pasado)

That is (that's)

— is that? —

that is not —

that isn't —

isn't that?



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that nearly caught fire: que casi se incendió (to catch fire: incendiarse)

that the story is false: que la historia es falsa

the same size: el mismo tamaño

the shape: forma, figura

there are many more: hay muchas más (pural)(there is/there's: hay, en sing.)

to think: para (a) pensar

was removed by the tow truck: fue retirado por la grua

what happens: lo que pasa/sucede/ocurre (what: that which, the thing that)

what she said: lo que (ella) dijo

when she was asked: cuando (ella) "fue preguntada" (cuando le preguntaron)

who is in charge of: que (quien) está a cargo de

These (Estos, estas)

These horses are from Arabia.

These stones are in the middle of the road.

These men are from the club opposite the Casino.

These books belong to that gentleman over there.

Are these bottles full or empty? All are full of water.

Are these printers compatible with window 7? Yes, they are.

Are these desks for my students? No, they're for the Biology classroom.

Are these your shirts? No, they aren't

These insects aren't native to these islands.

These carpets are not big enough to cover the broken tiles.

These nuts are not rusty because they're made of stainless steel.

These aren't the buildings that the corporation bought.

Aren´t these more expensive than the other ones. Yes, but only a little.

Aren't these the folders that contain the data.

Aren't these problems a consequence of his negligence? Yes, they are.

Aren't these problems a part of the process? In principle, they are.

belong to: pertenecer a

big enough: suficientemente grande

broken tiles: baldosas/losetas rotas

buildings: edificios

These are— are

these? — these

are not — these

aren't — are not

these— aren't

these?



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but only a little: pero sólo un poco

compatible with: compatible(s) con

desks: pupitres

folder: carpetas

full of: lleno de

full or empty: lleno o vacío

his negligence: su (de él) negligencia

in principle: en principio

made of: hecho(s) de

in the middle of the road: en mitad de la carretera

more expensive (than…): más caro(s) (que…)

native to: originarios de

nuts: tuercas (también nueces)

of his negligence: de su negligencia

opposite the: en frente de

over there: de allí

rusty: oxidado/a

shirts: camisas

stainless steel: acero inoxidable

stones: piedras

than the other ones (Comp.): que los otros (Comp.)

that contain the data (Plu.): que contienen los datos (Datum: dato)

that the corporation bought: que la corporación compró

to cover: para cubrir

Those (Esos, esas, aquellos, aquellas)

Those animals were slaughtered without any hygienic

guarantee.

Those are the worst students of the class.

Those tires are neither the cheapest nor the most

expensive.

Those pieces of broken glass on the ground are a risk for cyclists.

Those cakes are not suitable for overweight people.

Those teeth aren't big enough to be human.

Are those the biggest boxes in the shop?

Are those the players who were accused of cheating?

Are those coins from another country.

Are those pills safe for men with a heart disease?

Aren't those the same trees? No, they're alike, but they belong to another species

Those are —

are those?

—those

aren't — are

those not? —

aren't those?



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Aren't those maps too small to be detailed? Don't worry, these other maps are much better.

Aren't those recipes written in English? Well, most of them are in French.

Aren't those bits of wood too small to be used in the barbeque?

are a risk for: son un riesgo para

are much better: son (los mapas) mucho mejores

big enough: suficientemente grande

broken glass: cristal roto

but they belong: pero pertenecen (ellos)

coins: monedas (to coin: acuñar dinero, frases, etc)

don't worry: no te preocupes

most of them: la mayoría de ellas (recetas)

neither the cheapest nor the most expensive: ni los más baratos ni los más caros

of cheating: de hacer trampas

on the ground: en/sobre el suelo

overweight people: gente/personas con sobrepeso

pills: píldoras

recipes: recetas

safe for: seguras para

suitable for: adecuados/ideales para

teeth: dientes (tooth:diente)

the biggest (boxes): las más grandes (cajas)

the worst students: los peores estudiantes

they're alike: son (ellos) parecidos

tires: neumáticos (tyre: neumáticos)

to another species: a otra especie (species en inglés es sing. & plu.)

to be detailed: para ser detallado(s)

to be human: para ser humano (el origen)

to be used in the barbeque: para (ser usados en) la barbacoa

too small: demasiado(s) pequeño(s)

very small: muy pequeño(s)

were slaughtered: fueron sacrificados

who were accused: que (quienes) fueron acusados

with a heart disease: con una enfermedad cardiaca

without any hygienic guarantee: sin ninguna garantía de higiene

written in (English): escrito(s) en inglés

To be (ser or estar)

Present indicative: I am (soy/estoy); you are (eres/estás); he/she/it is (es/está); we are

(somos/estamos); you are (sois/estais); they are (son/están)



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I (Yo)

I am Christian, I'm twenty. My name is Christian

I'm French/German/Spanish, etc. I'm from France/Germany/Spain

I'm a student of English; I'm studying English in my

country, and I think I'm a good student.

I'm the one who is here with you.

I'm quite interested in buying a new car

I'm not a physician but a nurse, and I'm twenty-five (years old).

I'm not the man that you think I am.

I'm not familiarized with this PC.

Am I eligible for the post? I'm afraid you're not.

Am I responsible for this mess? You're not, he is.

Am I not a human being? Yes, you are.

Am I not clever enough to find the solution?

Am I not the right worker for this job? Yes, you are, but things are different now.

Why am I not to be chosen for the post? Because somebody else is the favorite.

but a nurse: sino/ pero sí un/a enfermero/a

clever enough: suficientemente listo

eligible for: cualificado para, digno de

familiarized with: familiarizado/ acostumbrado con

for this job: para este trabajo

from: de (proceder de)

human being: ser humano

I think: (yo) creo, pienso

I'm afraid: me temo (que)

I'm studing: (yo) estoy estudiando (estudio)

I'm twenty: tengo 20 años

in buying: en comprar

In my country: en mi país

in touch with: en contacto con

now: ahora, en este momento

physician: doctor (en medicina)

I am — I'm

am I? —

I am not —

I'm not —

am I not?)



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quite interested: bastante interesado

responsible for (this mess): responsable de (este lío)

responsible for (this mess): responsible (de este lío)

somebody else: algún otro, otra persona, alguien más

sure of: seguro/a de (algo)

that you think I am: que tú crees que soy

the one who: él que, quien

to be chosen (for the post): ser escogido (para el puesto)

to find: encontrar

why…?: por qué…?

You (Tú, sing. & vosotros, plu.)

(Sing.) You are my friends and you're invited to my party.

You're an European citizen; you're from different European countries.

You're not soldiers of an army, but students of law in your own countries and you're here on vacation, and not for business.

You are now the person in charge of the team, so you're allowed to train the athletes.

Are you in love with her? I think I am.

Are you following a diet? Yes, but only on weekdays.

Aren't you involved in this mess? No, I'm being falsely accused.

Aren't you interested in buying this truck? No, it's too expensive.

_________________________________________________________________________________

(Plu.) You two are teachers of English, so you're not trainee students, and you must care about the future of the people in your charge.

Both of you are an example to follow.

You are the ones (the persons) who carry the torch of knowledge, and are admired by those who want to be like you.

Are you in touch with the president of the corporation? Yes we are.

Are you, as teachers of English, aware of the potential of the language. Yes, we certainly are.

Are you two the beneficiaries of the trust? Yes, we are.

You are — you're

— you are not —

you're not — you

aren't — are you? —

are you not? —

aren't you?



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Are you all in the army? Only me and John.

Aren't you, in your jobs, admired for your dedication? Not only for that, but for some other merits.

Aren't you, French, proud of your cuisine? Not only proud, but also lucky to have it at hand.

admired for: admirados por

allowed (to be allowed): tener permiso (I'm allowed to do it: tengo permiso para hacerlo)

as teacher of English: como profesores de inglés

at hand: a mano

aware of: al tanto de, enterados de

but also lucky (to have it at hand): sino también afortunados (de/al tenerla a mano)

but: sino, pero

care about: preocuparos

citizen: ciudadano

dedication: esmero, dedicación

following a diet: siguiendo una dieta

for business: de negocios

from differet European countries: de diferentes (países europeos)

I'm being falsely accused: se me acusa falsamente (estoy siendo acusado falsamente)

In buying this truck: en comprar esta camioneta

in charge of: a cargo de

in love with her: enamorado de ella (she<>her)

in the army: en el ejército


in your charge: a tu cargo

interested: interesado/a

invited to: invitado/a a

involved in this mess: implicado en este lío, follón

jobs: trabajos, empleos

like you: como tú/usted

must: deber (you must go: debes ir, es tu obligación)

on vacation (on holidays): de vacaciones

only on weekdays: solo entre semana, los días de cada día

proud of: orgulloso(s) de

some other merits: (algunos) otros méritos

the ones: los que

to be: ser (o estar)

to follow: a seguir

to train: entrenar

too expensive: demasiado caro trainee students: estudiantes en prácticas

truck: camión camioneta

trust: fideicomiso

who carry: que (quienes) llevan

who want: que (quienes) quieren

your own: tus propios / vuestros propios you're allowed to train the athletes: tenéis permiso para entrenar a los atletas



15

He & she (Él & ella)

This is Charles, he's from Paris and is one of my best friends, and he's also studying English.

He's only child, not like me who is the oldest of a large family.

He's the man who climbed the tree to save the cat.

Is he the man who saved that child from drowning? I think he is.

Is he involved in a financial scandal? Yes, he is, but it's not the only scandal he's in.

Is he aware of the consequences of this deal? .

Isn't he the CEO who was fired last week? The very same.

Is he in the same group of climbers? Yes. He has been accepted as a

professional sportsman.

Why isn't he aware of the latest news? Because he travels a lot.

Isn't he richer than most of the previous chairmen? He is, so far as he is able to earn money.

Isn't Sean at home now? I called him twice and nobody answered.

That is (that's) Carol, she's British. She's not interested in studying English because she already speaks this language.

She, like me, is also a nurse and is working full time, eight hours a day, five days a week.

She's always asking me about him.

She's the one (she's the person) who takes care of me (or looks after me) when I'm ill. That's why I fall ill so often.

She's not only a pretty face, she's also an excellent teacher.

She's not in the list of elected directors of the foundation.

Isn't she included in the agreement signed by the firm? Not at the

moment.

Isn't she one of the top ten of the month? Not only this month, but also the previous ones.

He /she is

he's/she's

he is not

he's not/she's not —

he/she isn't — is

he/she? is he/she not?

isn't he/she?



16

Is she or isn't she in charge of the team? She's not in charge now.

able: capaz

a lot: mucho, una gran cantidad, un montón

a pretty face: una cara bonita

about him: acerca de/por/sobre él

already speaks: (ella) ya habla (este idioma)

as a professional sportsman: como (porque lo es) deportista profesional

asking me: preguntándome

at home: en casa aware of: al tanto de, consciente(s), sabedores de

climbers: escaladores

elected: elegido(s)

fall ill: caer enfermo, enfermar

from drowning: de ahogarse (from falling/burning/going: de caer/quemar/ir)

has been accepted as: (él/ella) ha sido aceptado/a

he travels: (él) viaja

he's only child: (él) es hijo único

I called him twice: le llamé ( a él) dos veces (he<>him) (once: una vez; twice: dos veces)

I think: (yo) creo, pienso, me parece

in charge of the team: a cargo del equipo

in studying: en estudiar

included in the agreement: incluída/o en el acuerdo

interested in studying: interesado/a en estudiar

involved in: implicado/a en

like me: como yo, al igual que yo

looks after (sb): cuidar de (alguien)

not at the moment: no por el momento

occasionally (from time to time): ocasionalmente (de cuando en cuando)

one of my: uno de mi(s) (mejores amigos)

nobody answered: nadie respondió

previous chairmen: anteriores presidentes (de un compañía)

richer than most of: más rico que la mayoría de

signed by: firmado por

so far as: en tanto en cuanto

so often: tan amenudo

takes care of (sb): cuida de, se preocupa de (alguien)

the latest news: las últimas noticias/novedades

the previous ones: los anteriores

the top ten: los dies primeros

the very same: el mismo (que viste y calza)

this deal: este trato/ acuerdo

to earn: ganar

to save: (para) salvar

was elected: fue elegido/a

when I'm ill: cuando estoy enfermo

whether (Conj.): si (Conj.)(introduce dos opciones sí o no)

who climbed: que (quien) (se) subió (climb a tree/mountain/wall)

who is the oldest: que (quien) es el más mayor/viejo

who saved: que (quien) salvó

who was fired: que (quien) fue despedido

working full time: trabajando a tiempo acompleto



17

It (Ello)

It is (it's) possible to know if it's real or not. It's only a

matter of time.

It's raining now, so you better take an umbrella with you.

It's me who is going to pay for the medical bills.

It's him who knows the stuff.

It is of the utmost interest to know whether it is or not feasible to carry out this project.

It's not them who are suffering the consequences.

It's not (it isn't) the reason why I'm here.

It is not the color of the skin that makes the man, but it is the principles formed within the soul (Maria Steward).

It's not possible to know the right number of fish that swim in the seas.

It isn't us who laze around all day.

Is it true that you are from another association? No, it isn't (it's not).

It is neither yellow nor red, but a mixture of both colors.

Is it a problem for you this new approach? No, it's not

Isn't this a reasonable question for all of us / us all? It is indeed.

a matter of time: una cuestión de tiempo

both colors: ambos colores, los dos colores

feasible: factible

for all of us / us all: para todos nosotros (we<>us)

it is indeed: lo es ciertamente

it isn't us who: no somos nosotros quienes (we<>us)

it's him who knows: él es quien sabe

it's me who is going to: soy yo quien va a

it's not them who are suffering: no son ellos los que/quienes sufren/están sufriendo

it's raining: está lloviendo

mixture of both colors: mecla de ambos colores

neither yellow nor red: ni amarillo ni rojo

new approach: nuevo enfoque

of the utmost interest: de sumo interés, del máximo interés

reasonable: razonable

take (an umbrella): coge (un paraguas)

It is — it's — it is

not — it isn't —

is it? — is it not?

— isn't it?



18

than the rest: que los demás/que el resto that swim in the seas: que nadan en los mares

to carry out: llevar a cabo

to know: saber (en infinitivo)

to paint: para pintar

to pay for: pagar (por algo)

whether (Conj.): si (es factible o no)

which is: el cual es (que es) (which?: ¿Cuál?

who laze around all day: los que (quienes)holgazanean todo el día

why: por qué/ la razón por la que

within the soul: dentro del alma, en el interior del alma

worked harder: trabajamos más duro

you're wrong: estás/estais equivocado/s

We (Nosotros)

We are a group of friends who are not high school

students and who still live with our parents. Although, we're not the typical group of slackers who live off their parents.

Are we under arrest? No, you're not, but stay in the city until you are

summoned.

Are we supposed to stay in this country for a long time.

We're still waiting for an answer from them.

We aren't spongers either, but unemployed people with a lot of spare

time.

We're not sure of this plan, so we are going to make sure of the best system.

We aren't afraid of the consequences of the trial.

Are you fond of reading? We're much more fond of sports.

Aren't we the lucky ones to have won the lottery? Not without a winning number.

Aren't we outnumbered? Only by two members.

a lot of spare time: un montón de tiempo libre

although: aunque

are we supposed (to stay): se supone que (debemos nosotros permanecer)

are you fond of reading?: te gusta leer? (are you fond of reading/sports/Chinese food/cars, etc)

but stay in the city: pero permanezcan en la ciudad

We are — we're

Are we?— we are

not — we're not

— we aren't —

aren't we? —



19

either: tampoco (en casos de negación)

for a long time: durante (por) un largo tiempo

high school students: estudiantes de instituto

make sure of: asegurar(nos) de

only by two members: sólo por dos miembros

outnumbered: ser superados en número, estar en minoría numérica (to be outnumbered by)

slackers: vagos, holgazanes

spongers: gorrones, parásitos, aprovechados

stay in the city: permanezcan en la ciudad (Imp.)

still: aún, todavía

sure of: seguro(s) de

the lucky ones: los afortunados

to have won (the lottery: de haber ganado (la lotería)

to stay: permanecer

trial: prueba, test, juicio (Leg.)

under arrest: bajo arresto

unemployed: desempleado/s, en el p

until you are summoned: hasta que sean (son) citados (por una autoridad judicial)

waiting for (an answer): esperando (una respuesta) (to wait for: esperar algo, o a alguien)

we are going to: vamos a (hacer algo / ir a algún sitio)

we aren't afraid of: no temenos (no estamos atemorizados)

we're much fond of sports: nos gustan más (somos más entusiasta de) los deportes

who live off: que (quienes) viven / acuesta de

who still live with: que (quienes) todavía vivimos con

winning number: número premiado/ganador

They (Ellos)

They are (they're) the football team who asked for an discount for being a group.

They're also from London, like my friend Charles. They are very fond of good food and good wine. That's why they're here: for the food and the wine.

They're present at all competitions and are very happy with the idea of taking part in this contest.

Are they responsible for the climate change?. Yes, they are, but not only for that, they're also at fault for the pollution of the seas.

Are they as tall as it seems on the picture? They're not, it's an effect produced by the perspective of the background.

They are not conscious of the obstacles in the path to knowledge. Ask

them if they can get more money.

Are they aware of the rules of the game? I'm not sure whether they are.

they are —

they're — are

they?— they

are not —

they aren't —

they're not —

aren't they?;

are they not?



20

Why are they so angry with the news? Because they expected better results.

Why are they (the walls) painted in white? So they can be more visible.

Aren't they the same boys who were sat behind us? I think so.

Are they the same size as those in the shop? These are bigger.

Aren't they to be blamed for the arson? They're free of suspicion.

Aren't they in touch with the rest of the group? Yes, they are, but only occasionally (from time to time).

Aren't they more happy with this house? They're indeed.

are they the same size as those: son (ellos) del mismo tamaño como esos (de la tienda)

are very fond of: son muy aficionados/entusiasta a/de

arson: incendio provocado

as tall as it seems: tan altos como (ello) parece

ask them: pregúntales

asked for: pidieron

at fault for: culpable(s) (to be at fault for: ser culpable(s) de)

aware of: enterados, al tanto, tienen conocimiento de

background: fondo

behind us: detrás nuestro/de nosotros

bigger: más grande (the biggest: el más grande)

can be (more visible): pueda(n) ser (más visible(s)

can get: puede(n) conseguir

conscious of: consciente(s) de

for being: por ser

free of suspicion: libre(s) de sospecha

I think so: así me lo parece, me parece que sí, creo que sí

if (Conj.): si

in the path to: en el sendero hacia


indeed: ciertamente, por supuesto, desde luego, etc.

occasionally (from time to time): ocasionalmente (de cuando en cuando)

of taking part: de tomar parte (en algo)

painted in white: pintado(s) de (en) blanco

produced by: producido por

responsible for: responsable(s) de

so angry: tan enfadados

so they (are more visible): así son (ellas) ser más visibles

that's why: esa es la razón / es el por qué

the same size as those: el mismo tamaño que (como) esos..

they expected: (ellos) esperaban (de expectativa)

they're present (at all the competitions): están presentes (en todas las competiciones)

to be blamed for: ser acusados de

very happy: muy feliz/felices

whether (Conj.): si (Conj.)(whether yes or no)



21

who were sat behind us: que (quienes) estaban sentados detrás de nosotros (we<>us)

Sentences with: What (Qué)

What this? This is hammer

What is your name? (open question) My name's Gerry.

What is the best way to write a book? (open question) First, you need a story. (Which is the best way of…..two, three, four, twenty, etc.?)

What's the use of a hammer? It's used to drive nails, among other

things.

What is the color of the paint used to paint the doors? White for the inside doors and green for the outside ones.

What is it so important that you have in mind? It's about a new project on the use of algae for biodiesel.

What is the sum of these two numbers? It's equal to the same amount seen in another mathematical operation.

Present indicative

I am (soy/estoy)

you are (eres/estás)

he/she is (es/está)

we are (somos/estamos)

you are (sois/estais)

they are (son/están)

Simple Past Tense

I was (fui)

you were (fuiste)

he/she was (fue)

we were (fuimos)

you were (fuísteis)

they were (fueron)

Present Continuous

I am being (estoy siendo)

you are being (estás siendo)

he/she is being (está siendo)

we are being (estamos siendo)

you are being (estais siendo)

they are being (están siendo)

Present Perfect

I have been (he estado)

you have been (has estado)

he/she has been (ha estado)

we have been (hemos estado)

you have been (habeis estado)

they have been (han estado)

Past Continuous

I was being (estaba siendo)

you were being (estabas siendo)

he/she was being (estaba siendo)

we were being (estábamos siendo)

you were being (estábais siendo)

they were being (estbaban siendo)

Past Perfect

I had been (había sido)

you had been (habías sido)

he/she had been (había sido)

we had been (habiamos sido)

you had been(habíais sido)

they had been (habían sido)

Future

I will be (seré)

you will be (serás)

he/she will be (será)

we will be (seremos)

you will be (sereis)

they will be (serán)

Future Perfect

I will have been (habré sido)

you will have been (harás sido)

he/she will have been (habrá sido)

we will have been (habremos sido)

you will have been (habreis sido)

they will have been (habrán sido)

Future Continuous

I will be being (estaré siendo)

you will be being (estarás siendo)

he/she will be being (estará siendo)

we will be being (estaremos siendo)

you will be being (estareis siendo)

they will be being (estarán siendo)

Present Perfect Continuous

I've been being (he estado siendo)

You've been being (has estdo …..)

he/she's been being (has estado …)

we've been being (hemos estado …)

you've been being (habeis estado ….)

they've been being (han estado ……)

Future Perfect Continuous

I will have been being (habré estado siendo)

you will have been being (habrás e/s)

he/she'll have been being (habrá e/s)

we will have been being (habremos e/s))

you will have been being (habrás e/s)

they will have been being (habrán e/s)

Past Perfect Continuous

I had been being (había estado siendo)

you had been being (habías e/s)

he/she had been being (había e/s)

we had been being (habiamos e/s)

you had been being (habiais e/s)

they had been being (había e/s)

What — what is

— what's — what

are



22

What's the use of worrying for the planet? It's a moral question that has

to do with our children's future

What's the difference between a planet and a satellite? A satellite (or a moon) revolves around a planet.

What are the disadvantages of using this technology? Well, the worst is that it's very costly and slightly effective.

What are those guys doing here in the garden? They're cleaning the walls of the swimming pool.

What are the best systems of the network? Those that are virus-free.

What are reasons for the downfall of this empire? Its anachronism.

What are the colors of the rainbow? Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple.

What are the worst foods of this country? None, they're all good.

What (lo que, pronombre relativo)

This is what happens when one forgets his age.

They ignore what happened to the core(nucleus) of the reactor.

I wonder whether they knew what was the result.

We have to stick to what they said.

They speak of what they have experienced in life.

We never knew what the war really meant.

You're not aware of what this means to our generation.

Are you sure of what this means to us? It's what many people have in

mind.

Never mind what they say, do what you heart says.

I wonder whether what he has in mind is correct.

They have finally deciphered what the code hid.



23

among other things: entre otras cosas

amount: cantidad

are you sure: estás seguro

aware: enterado de, al tanto de

cleaning: limpiando

core (nucleus): centro, núcleo

disadvantages: desventajas.

do what your heart says: haz lo que tu corazón diga (dice)

doing (here): haciendo (aquí)

equal to= igual a

guys: tíos, individuos

have finally deciphered: han finalmente descifrado

I wonder (whether): me pregunto (si)

in mind: en mente, en la cabeza

its anacronism: su (de ello) anacronismo (it's its role in the world: es su papel en el mundo)

need: necesitar

network: red (informática , de trabajo, etc.)

never mind: no importa, no te preocupes por

of using: de usar

of what they have experienced(in life): de lo que (ellos) han experimentado(en la vida)

of what this means to: de lo que esto significa para (a)(to mean: significar, querer decir)

of worrying for: de preocuparse por

rainbow: arco iris

reasons for (the downfall): razones para(la caída de)

revolves around (a planet): gira (da vueltas) alrededor de (un planeta)

swimming pool: piscina

that has to do with (our children's future: que tiene que ver con (el futuro de nuestros hijos)

that it's very costly: que es muy caro/costoso

that you have in mind: que te ronda por la cabeza

the outside ones: las de afuera

the worst is: lo peor es (que…)

the worst: lo peor

to drive: clavar (en este caso)

to paint: pintar

to stick to: ceñirse a (en este caso)

to us: para nosotros (we<>us)

to what they said: a lo que (ellos) dijeron (to say: decir)

to write (a book, a letter, a note): escribir (un libro, una carta, una nota)

virus-free: libres de virus, sin virus

we never knew: nunca supimos (to know: saber)

what happened: qué occurrió

what he has in mind (is correct): lo que tiene en mente (es correcto)

what is the best way: cuál (qué)es la mejor manera de/para (open question

what many people: lo que mucha gente (people: nombre colectivo plural)

what the code hid: lo que el cóescondía (to hide: esconder)

what the war really meant: lo que realmente la guerra significó

what they say: lo que ellos digan (dicen)

what's the difference: cuál (qué) es la diferencia, qué diferencia es/hay

what's the use of: de qué sirve

worst foods: peores comidas



24

Sentences with: Which (Cuál, cual, el cual)

Which is the best? (of two, three or more)

Which color of the list is the best for painting the fence? To me, the white color is the best.

Which have you chosen? I opted for the TV set with built-in auto-tune.

Which of the two is cheaper? That one with short legs.

Which is the best way to go to London? Just follow this road.

I never remember which is which.

The house, which originally had only one tower, was built in 1875.

The car of which I'm speaking isn't German but British.

The town in which we live / the town which we live in.

The places to which they go are quite far away.

I wonder which of them is the best for this job.

best way: mejor manera/camino

built-in: incorporado, de serie, de fábrica

but British: sino Británico

cheaper: más barato (cheap: barato; the cheapest: el más barato)

fence: valla

for painting: para pintar

have you chosen: has escogido

I never remember: (yo) nunca recuerdo

I opted for: (yo) opté por

I wonder: me pregunto (he wonders; they wonder : él se pregunta; ellos se preguntan)

in which we live/ which we live in: en el cual vivimos

in which we live (which we live in): en (la) que vivimos

job: trabajo, tarea, empleo

just follow: sólo sigue

of which I'm speaking: del cual estoy hablando

quite far away: bastante lejos

that one with short: ese de (con) las patas cortas

the best: el mejor

to me: para mi (en mi opinión)

to which: al cual / a los cuales

was built in: fue construido/a

which (originally): la/el cual (originariamente, en un principio)

which of them: cuál de ellos (personas / cosas)



25

Sentences with: Where (Dónde, donde)

Where is the wine? It's cooling in the fridge.

Where is the ball? It's on the floor near the door.

Where's the flour? It's in the bowl that you bought yesterday.

Where is the money? It's in an offshore account.

Where is his car? It's parked in the garage next to my bike.

Where are the shopping bags? They're in the kitchen, close to the pantry door.

Where are the car keys? They're locked in a drawer.

Where are those socks that match your shoes? They're somewhere in the bedside table.

Where are the paintings? They're hanging on the wall.

That's the mansion where the crime took place.

Love is where the heart is; or so they say.

This is the place where his body is buried.

This is the place where the corpse was found.

It comes from where the sun sets.

The storm goes to where the air pressure is weaker.

Here is where all the money is kept.

Here is where we keep the car keys.

air pressure: presión del aire

bedside table: mesita de noche (mesa al lado de la cama)

car keys: llaves del coche

close to: cerca de

cooling (in the fridge): enfriándose en (el frigorífico)

crime took place: occurrió el crimen

flour: harina

Where is - where's?

Where are?



26

hanging on: colgados en (la pared)

heart: corazón

his body is buried: donde su cuerpo está enterrado

is kept: se guarda (es guardado)

it comes from: (ello) viene de (from: procedencia)

locked in: bajo llave, encerrado

mansion: mansión near the: cerca de

next to: al lado de/próximo a

nobody knows: nadie sabe offshore account: cuenta en el extranjero or so they say: o (al menos) eso dicen

paintings: cuadros (al óleo, acrílico, etc.)

pantry door: puerta de la despensa

somewhere: por/en algún sitio/lado

sun sets: (de donde el) sol se pone

that match your: que hace(n) juego con tu(s)

that you bought yesterday: que tú compraste ayer.

that you bought: que (tú) compraste

the storm goes to: la tormenta v a/hacia, se dirige a /hacia

was found: fue encontrado

we keep: (donde nosotros) guardamos

weaker: más débil

where is his car?: dónde está su coche (his: su, de él) where the money is(where is the money): donde está/esté el dinero (no interrogativo)

Sentences with: To have (posesión)

Present Indicative: I have (he/tengo); you have (has/tienes); he/she has (ha/tiene); we have (hemos/tenemos); you have (habeis/tenéis); they have (han/tienen)

I have— — have

I?— (Sing.)you

have — have you?

— he/she/it has

— has he/she/it

—hasn't

he/she/it — we

have — we have

not— we've not

— we haven't —



27

I have (I've) a lot of friends who think that I'm nuts but are delighted to have me at their parties.

Have I any chance of getting a job in this firm? Not many chances.

I have (I've) no idea what happened to the men who were in the mine.

I haven't much free time to play tennis.

Haven't I the right to be here? It's a matter of membership. ______________________________________________________________

You have (you've) a series of common features with the rest of the students who belong to the same age group.

You have a gift and you have to use it.

You have no (haven't any) idea what he has in his mind.

Have you any idea of the origin of this song? I haven't any idea at all.

Haven't you any idea of the number of guests invited to the party? I only know that the party has been put off. _________________________________________________________________________________

He has the funds and the time to do it.

He hasn't the slightest idea of what happened.

Has he his passport in order? No, he has to renew it.

Hasn't he a 1974 Pontiac? No, it's a Ford Mustang Cobra.

_________________________________________________________________________________

She has a high intelligence quotient.

She hasn't any interest in buying that.

Has she any friends here? No, she hasn't, but she has met many people.

Hasn't she any boyfriend? She sometimes dates a guy from another city. _________________________________________________________________________________

It has roots, a stem, flowers, that is, all what plants have.

It hasn't any sugar added, that's why it's so healthy.

haven't we? (Plu.)

you have— you

haven't —

haven't you?—

they have —they

haven't — have

they? —haven't

they?



28

Has it (the house) the doors painted in yellow? No, you're mistaken.

Hasn't it a thick membrane that separates both chambers. Yes, but only in a few highly developed carburetors. _________________________________________________________________________________

We have the solution to all your problems.

We haven't enough wood to build the kennel.

Have we a cousin named Henry? Well, his name is George.

Haven't we any chance of winning? We have no chances at all because we are at a disadvantage.

_________________________________________________________________________________

You both have a very peculiar way of running this business.

Have you two (both) any problem with John's friends? Of course not, they have a problem with us (or, it's them who have a problem with us).

You haven't all the credit that you expected.

Haven't you a car? We had one, now we have a motorbike. _________________________________________________________________________________

John and Julia (they) have a lot in common, but Julia has more common sense than the rest of us.

They haven't much time to organize the championship.

Have they any objection to this project? They're not against it, on the

contrary they favor it.

Why haven't they the courage to face reality? Because they're unaware of the reality in which we live.

Haven't they haven't plans of their own. They have only one project in

mind.

Haven't they any alcohol license? No, that's why they were fined.



29

a few: unos / unas pocos/as (monedas, billetes, etc)

a gift: un don (regalo)

a lot in common: mucho (un montón) en común

a stem: un tallo

against: en contra

all what: todo lo que

another city: otra ciudad

any chance: alguna oportunidad

any money with you: algo de dinero (en tu poder, contigo)

any objection: alguna objeción

any sugar added: (ningún) azucar añadido

at a disadvantaja: en desventaja

at all: en absoluto

both chambers: ambas (las dos) cámaras

boyfriend: novio

championship: campeonato

courage: valor, coraje

cousin: primo

dates: (ella) se cita con / sale con

delighted: encantado/a

enough wood: suficiente madera

firm: empresa, compañía

flowers: flores

free time: tiempo libre

funds: fondos

guests invited to: personas invitadas a

guy: tío, individuo

has been put off: ha sido aplazada, pospuesta

has met: ha conocido (to meet:conocer por primera vez)

have to use it: tienes (debes) usarlo

high intelligence quotient: alto coeficiente de inteligencia

highly developed: muy (altamente) desarrollado(s)

I had one: (yo) tuve una

in buying: en comprar

in his mind: en (su) la cabeza, en mente

in mind: en mente

in order: al corriente (in order: en orden)

in town: en (todo) el pueblo

in which we live: en la cual vivimos

it's them who: son ellos quienes

kennel: casita de perro

matter: question, problema

maybe: quizás, esposible

membership: membresía

motorbike: moto(cicleta)

objection to: objeción a/ hacia

of course not: desde luego que no

of getting: de obtener



30

of running: de llevar (a business)

of their own: propios (de ellos) (of my own: propios míos)

of what happened: de lo que ocurrió

of winning: de ganar

on the contrary: al contrario

roots: raices

same age group: grupo de la misma edad

she sometimes: (ella) algunas veces, en ocasiones

so healthy: tan sano

than the rest of us (Comp.): (más) que el resto de nosotros (Comp.)

that I'm nuts: que estoy loco, majara

that is: es decir

that separates: que separa

that you expected: que (vosotros) esperábais / confiábais

that's why: por esa razón, por eso

the slightes idea: la menor / la más mínima idea

they favor it: (ellos) lo aprueban, están a favor

thick: grueso, denso, espeso

to build: para construir

to face (reality): afrontar (la realidad)

to have me: de tenerme (a tenerme)

to organize: para organizar

to play tennis: para jugar al tenis

to renew (it): renovar(lo)

unaware of:no ser consciente de, desconocer (to be unaware of something)

very peculiar way: (una) manera muy peculiar

we had one: tuvimos uno (Pret. Imp. del verbo to have)

were fined: fueron multados

what happened to (them): lo que les ocurrió a (ellos)

what he has: lo que (él) tiene

who belong to: que (quienes) pertenecen a

with us: con nosotros

with you: (contigo) encima

you're mistaken: estás equivocado, estais equivocados



31

Sentences with: How (Cómo)

How are you? I'm fine.

How far is the next city? Some twenty miles.

How wide is the road? Enough for two cars.

How deep is the lake? More than eighty meters.

How high is the mountain? Less than a quarter of a mile. How heavy is a whale? It depends on its age and size.

How tall are you? Taller than him.

How dense is the air? It depends on the altitude.

How is it that I only have two calls in the answering machine? The land line has been out of service for six hours.

I wonder how to cook this chicken.

I know how to do it, so don't worry for me.

He wonders how to improve the results.

Present Indicative

I have (he/tengo)

you have (has/tienes)

he/she has (ha/tiene)

we have (hemos/tenemos)

you have (habeis/tenéis)

they have (han/tienen)

Simple Past tense

I had (había/tuve) you had (habías/tuviste) he/she had (había/tuvo) we had (habíamos/tuvimos) you had (habíais/tuvísteis) they had (habían/tuvieron)

Present Continuous

I am having (estoy teniendo you are having (estas t..) he/she is having (está t..) we are having (estamos t…) you are having (estais t…) they are having (están t…)

Present Perfect

I have had (he tenido) you have had (has tenido) he/she has had (había tenido we have had (habíamos tenido)) you have had (habíais tenido) they have had (habían tenido)

Past Continuous I was having (estaba t…) you were having (estabas t…) he/she was having (estaba t…) we were having (estábamos t…) you were having (estabais t…) they were having (estaban t…)

Past Perfect I had had (había tenido) you had had (habías tenido) he/she had had (había tenido) we had had (habíamos tenido) you had had (habíais tenido) they had had (habían tenido)

Future I will (I'll) have (habré/tendré) You'll have (habrás/tendrás) he/she will have (habrá/tendrá) we'll have (habremos/tendremos) you'll have (habreis/tendreis) they'll have (habrán/tendrán)

Future Perfect I will have had (habré tenido) you will have had (habrás t…) he/she will have had (habrá t…) we will have had (habremos t…) you will have had (habreis t…) they will have had (habrán t…)

Future Continuous I'll be having (estaré teniendo) You'll be having (estarás t…) he/she'll be having (estará t…) we will be having (estaremos t…) you will be having (estareis t…) they will be having (estarán t…)

Present Perfect Continuous I have been having (he estado teniendo) you have been having (has estado t….) h/she has been having (ha estado t…) we have been having (hemos estado t…) you have been having (habeis estado t…) they have been having (han estado t…)

Future Perfect Continuous I'll have been having (habré estado t…) You'll have been having (habrás estado t…) he'll have been having (habrá estado t…) we'll have been having (habremos estado t…) you'll have been having (habreis estado t…) they'll have been having (habrán estado t…)

Past Perfect Continuous I had been having (había estado teniendo) you had been having (habías e/t) he had been having (había e/t) we had been having (habíamos e/t)) you had been having (habíais e/t) they had been having (habían e/t)



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chicken: pollo

don't worry for me: no te preocupes por mí

enough for two cars: suficiente para dos coches

he wonders: (él) se pregunta

how deep is: qué profundidad tiene (cuán profundo es)

how dense is: qué densidad tiene (cuán denso es)

how far: a qué distancia está (cuán lejos está)

how heavy is: qué peso tiene (cuán pesado es)

how high is: qué altura tiene (cuán alto es)

how is it that: cómo es que…

how tall are you: qué altura tienes (cuán alto eres)

how to cook: cocinar

how to do it: cómo hacerlo

how to improve: cómo mejorar

how wide is: qué ancho tiene (cuán ancho es)

I know: (yo) sé

I wonder how: me pregunto cómo

I'm fine: estoy bien

Sentences with:

How much, how many (Cuánto, cuántos, como pron. interrg. y como pron. relat de cant.)

How much money is needed to buy a house like that? Around a hundred and fifty thousand bucks cash.

How much sugar is left in the sugar bowl? Only a few spoonfuls for two cups of coffee.

How much of your money is invested in securities or bonds? It is a secret that nobody is to know, at least for the moment.

How much love can you give? Tons of it.

How much of the imported fuel is missing? Almost sixty litters.

How much light is absorbed by this screen? All the light coming from any source.

______________________________________________________________________________

How many cars are parked in this street? More than twenty-five and less than forty-four. Is it a riddle? It certainly is.



33

How many of your classmates know that today is Mary's birthday? Only a few of them are in the know

How many boats are taking part in the race? Around sixty boats from U.S. and sixty-five from Europe.

How many soldiers lost their lives in this war? Nobody knows how many.

How many of them are infected by the virus? There aren't many, but the risk of an epidemic is high.

How many data are missing from the hard drive? About forty percent of it.

a few spoonfuls: unas pocas cucharadas

about: al rededor de

around: alrededor de, cerca de

almosy: casi

are left: quedan

are missing: faltan (están desaparecidos)

are parked: están aparcados

at least for the moment: al menos por el momento

bucks cash: pavos (dólares) al contado

by the screen: por la pantalla

can you give?: puedes (tú) dar?

coming from any source: proviniente de, ( que venga de) cualquier fuente, procedencia

fuel: combustiblel

in the know: saber(lo), estar en el ajo

infected by: infectado(s) por

is absorbed by: es absorbida por

is high: es alto (el riesgo) (pero, él es alto: he's tall)

is invested: está invertido

is left: queda

is missing: falta (está desaparecido)

is needed: se necesita (es necesario)

like that: como esa

light is absorbed: luz es absorbida

lost their lives: perdieron (ellos) sus vidas

Mary's birthday: el cumpleaños de Mary

more than…..and less than…..: más que/de….y menos que/de

nobody knows: nadie sabe

riddle: adivinanza

taking part: participan (participar, tomar parte) to buy: comprar (para comprar)

to know: saber (nobody is to know: nadie va a saber, tiene que saber

tons of it: toneladas



34

Sentences with:

When (Cuándo, cuando)

When is the party? Tomorrow night at eleven.

When is Helen's birthday? It's on February 31st . What? February has only twenty-eight days, and twenty-nine every four years. I know, I was

only joking.

When is Christmas this year? It's always on December 25th.

When are the shops open? At nine, more or less.

When are politicians going to tell the truth to the people? The day (that) pigs fly.

When are the 2012 Oscars? On February 20th.

When is Marcia's birthday? Next month on the 24th.

When is better for you, weekdays or weekends? Any day.

When is your next appointment? In a couple of weeks.

__________________________________________________________________________

The moment when man set foot on the Moon.

This is the moment when everybody starts to sing.

The day when the sun blinked.

They are there when they're needed. I remember when I was a boy.

Nobody knows when John is getting married, nor when he's going to buy a house.

This marks the day when this country stopped being a colony.

February is the month when applications are processed.

The bomb went off when the car was rolling over it.

any day: cualquier día

at eleven: a las once

at nine: a las nueve

couple of weeks: par de semanas

every four: cada cuatro



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everybody starts to sing: todos (cada uno del grupo) empiezan a cantar

Friday night: viernes por la noche

Helen's birthday: el cumpleaños de Helen

he's going to buy (a house): (él) va a comprar (una casa)(to be going to): ir a a un sitio, o a hacer algo)

I was a boy: (yo) era un muchacho

I was only joking: sólo estaba bromeando

is getting married: se casa

it falls on December 25th: (ello, el día) cae siempre en (to fall on: caer en)diciembre 25)

it's always on: es (ello) siempre en

man: el hombre (la raza humana)

marks the day: señala el día

more or less: más o menos

next appointment: próxima cita (con el médico, abogado, etc)

next month: el próximo mes

nobody knows: nadie sabe

on the 24th: el 24 (de ese/este mes)

open: abierto(a/as/os)

set foot on: puso el pie en/sobre

stopped being a colony: dejó (cesó) de ser una colonia

the sun blinked: el sol parpadeó

they're needed: son requeridos, se les necesita(son necesitados)

to tell: decir, contar (to tell the truth: contar la verdad

up above: allí arriba

was only joking: sólo estaba bromeando

was rolling over it: (estaba) pasando/rodando por encima

weekdays or weekends: entre semana o fin de semana

went off: estalló

when applications are processed:cuando las solicitudes son tramitadas

when are polititians going to (tell ): cuándo van los políticos (cuándo están yendo ellos a) decir

when are the shops open: cuándo abren (estan abiertas) las tiendas

when is the party: cuándo es la fiesta

Sentences with: There be

There is some money in my pocket, and it's mine.

There's some dust on the furniture and on the floor.

There's a digital camera in the drawer that takes

good pictures.

There is a lot of damp in all the house and it’s an

inconvenience for all who live in it.

There is knowledge in her speech, as well as there is wisdom in her.

There is — is there

—there is not —

there is no — there

isn't — isn't there?

__________________________

there are — there

are not — there

aren't — are there

— aren't there?



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There is some sugar in the bowl, but there isn't any coffee in the coffee pot.

There isn't any reason to believe that the leader is dead.

There is no gasoline in the tank, but there's a gas station ahead.

There isn't much hope of finding him alive, but there are some people who believe otherwise.

Is there any umbrella available for me? Yes, there's one in that closet over there.

Is there any money left in the bank. There are only two hundred and twenty-five dollars.

Is there any sort of procedure to revive dead nerves? There's none so

far.

Isn't there a cure for this disease? Not yet, but there are many hopes to find one

There are reasons to believe that he robbed the money.

There are too many stars in the sky to be counted in a single life.

There are moments when I think that there's no solution (there isn't any solution).

We must be sure if there are enough resources to start this project.

Are there any empty boxes in your office? Only two are left.

Why are there cops everywhere? Because a murderer has escaped from

the jail

Are there any spare parts for this car? I'm afraid there are not.

Aren't there any tests for heartburns? There are some, but they are

being improved.

Why aren't there two-tailed frogs? Because frogs haven't any tail at all.

Aren't there people who are actually trained to do this task? There are

no more than ten in this city.

How is it that there aren't any traffic lights in this street? Because the traffic is very scarce.



37

a cure for: una cura para, un remedio para

a lot of damp: mucha (un montón) de humedad

ahead: (más) adelante

any sort of: algún tipo de

any tests: algunos (tipos de) prueba, test

as well as: así como

at all: en absoluto

closet: armario ropero, cuartito

cops: polis, policias,

disease: enfermedad

enough resources: suficientes recursos (neough sugar: azucar suficiente)

everywhere: por/en/a todas parte, por doquier

for all who live in it: que (quienes) viven en ella

from the jail: de la carcel (from: de, indica procedencia, origen, etc.)

has escaped: has escapado

heartburn: acidez, ardor (de estómago)

how is it that……?: cómo es que……….?

I think: pienso, creo

I'm afraid there are not: me temo que no hay

in a single life: en una única/sola vida

in the bowl: en el cuenco (sugar bowl: azucarero)

is dead: está muerto

is there any money left: queda (algún) dinero (to be left: quedar)

it's an incovenience: (ello) es un inconveniente it's mine: (ello) es mío

many hopes: muchas esperanzas

murderer: asesino

not yet: todavía no, aún no

of finding him alive: de encontrarle vivo (he<>him)

only two are left: solo quedan dos (only two/ten/two thousand, etc. are left)

past the sattionery: pasada la papelería

procedure: procedimiento

some dust on the furniture: "algo de) polvo sobre los muebles (mobiliario)

spare parts: piezas (partes) de recambio (de sobras)

tests: pruebas, algún test

that has to do with: que tiene que ver con

that he does: que (él) hace

that he robbed: que (él) robó)

that sells all sort of: que vende todo tipo/clase de

that takes good pictures: que hace buenas fotografías

there are no more than: no hay más de ("hay no más de")

there is no: no hay nada de (there isn't any)

there isn't any coffe: no hay (nada de) café

there's no solution: no hay (ninguna) solución

there's none so far: no hay ninguno hasta ahora

they are being improved: (ellos) están siendo mejorados

to be counted: para ser contado/a/s

to believe: para creer (a creer)

to do this task: para hacer esta tarea

to find one: de encontrar una

to revive (dead nerves): reaminar, restablecer, recuperar (nervios inertes) (Med.)

to start: poner en marcha, iniciar, comenzar

too many: demasiados/as

traffic lights: semáforos



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two-tailed frogs: ranas de dos colas

umbrella available: paraguas disponible

very scarce: muy escaso

we must be sure if: (nosotros) debemos asegurarnos (debemos estar seguros si…)

when I think: cuando pienso/creo (que….)

who are actually trained: que (quienes) están cualificados

who believe otherwise: que (quienes) creen lo contrario (otherwise: lo contrario)

why?: por qué?

wisdom in her: sabiduría en ella (she<>her)

Sentences with: Why & because (por qué & porque)

Why is daddy so angry with me? Because you're not a good student.

Why is the door open. Because the keys are missing and the lock is

broken.

Why is there so much water in here? Because one of the pipes burst and

flooded the room.

Why is this room so dark? Because the light bulbs that Gerry bought give a very dim light.

Why is the sky blue? Because it has to do with the light that comes from the sun and strikes (impacts) the atmosphere.

Why isn´t there a solution for this sort of problems? Because solutions don't come easy.

Why are flowers so important to plants? Because they allow pollination.

Why are you still buying this wine? Because it's still a good wine and the price is OK.

Why aren't they allowed to study here? Because the rules of the Institute are very strict with regard to admission requirements.

Why aren't the girls accepted in the team? Because they're too young to practice this sport.



39

admission requirements: requisitos de admisión

allowed: permitido, se les permite

are missing: están perdidas/desaparecidas

bought: compró (that I/you/he/we/you/they bought)

burst and flooded: reventó/reventaron e inundó/inundaron

daddy: papá, papi

don't come easy: no resultan fáciles (don't come easy: no vienen fáciles)

give a very dim light: dan una luz muy tenue

has to do with: (ello) tiene que ver con / está en relación con

in here: aquí adentro

it's still a good wine: sigue siendo/todavía es (un buen vino)

lock is broken: cerradura está rota

price is OK: precio es bueno, correcto

so angry with me: tan enfadado conmigo

so dark: tan oscuro

so important to (plants): tan importante/s para (las plantas)

still buying: seguir comprando/todavía compras

strikes (impacts)(the atmosphere: impacta, colisiona (con la atmósfera)

team: equipo

that comes from: que viene de, procede de

they allow pollination: ellos/as permiten la polinización

this sort of problems: este tipo de problemas

to practice: para practicar to study: estudiar

too young: demasiado joven(es)

with regard to: con respecto a

Sentences with: Who (Quién, que, el que, la que, los que, quienes; como pronombre relativo)

Who is (who's) that guy in the car? He's Walter, the man who is responsible for the car crash.

Who has the car key? John has it.

Who's this girl on the picture? It's Mary, my wife.

Who opened the door when the rain was so heavy? Garry did.

Who is in love with Liz? Sean is.

Who broke the sound barrier? Charles Yeager in 1947.

Who bought that pair of sneakers? A guy with a big hat on and a pair of

gloves. Who of you is in command? Me, and this is the second in command.



40

This is the man who knows the truth.

The woman who has the biggest hands.

Those who are in the list are the cream of the college.

Are these the players who won the game? Here are some of them.

I asked him who of them is Alice.

a pair of gloves: un par de guantes

bought: compró

broke: rompió

car crash: accidente de coche

car key: llave del coche

college: universidad

cream: flor y nata, la crema de, lo mejor de

fabric sneakers: zapatillas de tela (loneta, etc)

Garry did: Garry lo hizo (hizo la acción de abrir la puerta (did: p. imp. del verbo "do" como auxiliar)

guy: tío, individuo

here are some of them: aquí están algunos de ellos (they<>them)

I asked him: (yo) le pregunté (he<>him)

in command: al mando

in love with: enamorado

in love with: enamorado/a de (en amor con)

it's Mary: (ella, la chica) es Mary

on the picture: en / de la fotografía

opened: abrió

responsible for: responsable de

sneakers: zapatillas

so heavy: tan intensa

sound barrier: barrera del sonido

who are in the list: que (quiénes) están en la lista

who has the biggest hands: que (quien) tiene la manos mas grandes (the biggest hands/feet/eyes, etc.)

who knows the truth: que (quien) sabe la verdad

who of you: quién de vosotros / ustedes

who of them (is Alice): quién de ellos/as (es Alice)

who opened…?: quién abrió…-?

who won the game: que (quienes) ganaron el juego /la partida

wife: esposa

with a big hat on: con un sombrero grande (on: encasquetado, puesto) (You can leave your hat on)

Dynamic English for Beginners interrogativo, QUÉ ..…....….."what" Pronombre relativo compuesto...

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