DXX
55
Transcript of DXX
ADNE DXX Training
Course Contents
• Introduction & Applications• Architecture• Case Studies• Troubleshooting Scenarios
Introduction & Applications
Different Naming Conventions
• DXX (Digital Cross Connect)• DACS (Digital Access Cross Connect)• Bandwidth Manager• Integrated Channel Bank• Voice Data Multiplexer• Multiservices Box
Key Functions Of DXX
– Multiplexes data from various channels into one aggregate channel thus reducing the number of trunk connections at longer distances.
– For example, 30 user channels of 64K bandwidth can be combined into an E-1 circuit.
E-1
MU
XChannel 0
Channel 1
Channel 2
Channel 3
Channel 31
32 chnnels on one line
Bandwidth Manager
• Manages bandwidth according to the need of the end user using sub rate or super rate multiplexing.
• Provides leased circuits in the range of 800 bits to 2 mbps and more.
Voice/Data Multiplexer
• Both voice and data can be merged into one circuit using the DSP cards.
• Provides a high capacity voice compression using newbridge proprietry HCV( High Capacity Voice).
• A 64 K voice channel can be compressed to as low as 16 K or 8 k without losing any noticeable quality.
Multi services Box
• Handles multiple types of traffic including voice, video and other types of data.
• Most corporate clients use it for sending voice along with data on the leased line circuit.
• Different Data and Voice Protocols
Digital Access Cross Connect
• Responsible for the transmission of digital data over analog transmission lines of the Local Loop using DSL & ISDN technologies.
• An HDSL LIM (Line Interface Module) on the E-1 card allows a DSL connection between the customer premises ( using 2902 ) and the exchange.
• Cross Connect is connecting a data circuit to an aggregate media circuit.
Where Mux is needed ?
• Mux is not generally used in applications where a client simply has a leased line and wants to send only data traffic. In this case they would simply use two DTUs (Data Termination Unit) at their two premises to extend the digital connection.
• However if they have both data and voice requirements then they may need services like compression and merger provided by the Mux.
• Also mux can be used when the wan connectivity is not through leased line but radio modems or satellite modems.
Applications --Mobile Operators • Mobilink is using Mux for voice compression of HCV
16k.With this compression rate they can send 4 voice conversations on one E-1 time slot.
PBX PBX
E- 1 Leased Line
One E-1 with 30channels each
containing 8 voiceconversations
4 E-1s 4 E-1s
Compression of 64 Kvoice channel in to 8K
using HCV-8kbps
Compression of 64 Kvoice channel in to 8K
using HCV-8kbps
Mobilink Lahore Mobilink Karachi
Minimum BW Problem• In 1992, minimum BW available from PTC for a leased
circuit was 2 Mbps regardless of the need of the client.E-
2 M
ultip
lexi
ng
E-5
Mul
tiple
E-4
Mul
tiple
E-3
Mul
tiple
E-1 2Mb
E-1 2Mb
E-1 2Mb
E-2 8Mb
E-2 8mb
E-3 34Mb
E-3 34Mb
E-4 155MBE-5 622Mb
E-1 Hierarchy
Minimum BW
Solution Newbridge
Using NewBridge Mux, circuits of 64Kbps or less (in multiples of 800 bits) are available today.PTC has over 500 Customers
E-2
Mul
tiple
E-3
Mul
tiple
Min. 800 bps
Max 2 Mb
2 Mbps
2 Mbps
8 Mbps
8 Mbps
34 Mbps
Bandwidth Available N * 64 K (transparent Mode)N * 800 bps ( HCM Mode)
3600 Functionality
•
Key Features
System Features
• Circuit Multiplexing
Allows multiple cus tomer circuits to be multiplexed across aggrega te links .
• Dig ital Cros s -Connect
Offers fully non-blocking digita l cross connection within the node .
• Software Download
New re lease of software can be loaded onto a node without needing to change micro-chips .
• Voice Compres s ion
Allows voice compress ion to be carried out e ither indus try s tandard, such as ADPCM, Newbridgeproprie ta ry, HCV, A-CELP, LD-CELP or A-CELP-A (Voice Over Frame Relay)
• Voice Conference Bridging
Provides a s imultaneous communica tion link be tween two or more voice circuits , up to 48. Up to 5bridges can be connected toge ther..
• HCV / G3 Fax
Allows fax tra ffic to be connected to the same circuit as HCV tra ffic by recognis ing the s igna l andswitching modes .
• Circuit Protection
Offers methods of "na iling-up" bandwidth to protect important connections .
• Activity Qualified Acces s
Working on a s imila r principle to ISDN backup, providing a backup to a V.35 Pri aggrega te link.
Architecture
3600 Bandwidth manager• The Alcatel MainStreet 3600 Bandwidth Manager is a flexible,
intelligent networking node that combines the functions of an intelligent channel bank, a digital cross connect switch, an integrated voice and data multiplexer, a frame relay and an X.25 switch. Its modular architecture is standards-based.
Features• 8 Universal Card slots• 4 System slots• 2 Power supplies running on – 48 volts DC• Single shelf and dual shelf
3600 Shelf Overview
3600 MainStreet
NEWBRIDGE
3600 MainStreet
10.15 in /258 mm
19.1
5 in
/ 48
6 m
m
19 in / 483 mm
Backplane & Equipment Interface Area
Power Section
UniversalCard
Section
CommonControlSection Newbridge Networks Ltd
Backplane ArchitectureBackplane Architecture
CommonControl(Shelf A)
RedundantCommonControl
(Shelf A)
UCS1
ShelfA
UCS2
ShelfA
UCS8
ShelfA
UCS9
ShelfB
UCS15
ShelfB
UCS16
ShelfB
SerialBus
ProcessorBus
Interface Bus - To External Equipment Connector
3600 Backplane Capacity • Single-shelf / Dual Shelf The single shelf 3600 has available 8 Universal Card Slots (UCSs) for interface and application cards. If more than 8 are required an additional shelf can be added with a special Expander Card and allow the 3600 node to utilise 16 UCSs, all controlled as one shelf. • Single shelf - 32Mbps switching capacity Each single shelf is capable of switching 32 Mbps of data across its backplane using a fully non-blocking switching matrix. This is possible due to the Double-Bandwidth feature available on the 3600. Each UCS is capable (with the correct Expander Card) of supporting 2 * 2 Mbps connections, making 4 Mbps per UCS. Therefore 8 * 4 Mbps = 32 Mbps • Dual Shelf - 64 Mbps switching capacity As a dual shelf is, in effect, two 3600 shelves connected together, the total switching capacity of a dual shelf is 64 Mbps - non-blocking.
Other Mainstreet FamilyAlcatel's 3612 MainStreet Narrowband Multiplexer (NBM)
It provides highly flexible delivery of multiple services to remote small/medium branch sites or acts as a network hubfor smaller networks.
Alcatel MainStreet 2902 Multiservice NTU
It delivers managed bandwidth access of up to 2 Mbps over existing unconditioned copper pairs (HDSL) or E1 facilities.The single unit can reliably deliver integrated data and digitalvoice access while using existing network infrastructure
Control Packet Switching System (CPSS) • Newbridge proprietary - based on X.25 protocol
Control Packet Switching System (CPSS) is a Newbridgeproprietary system based on the X.25 protocol used for networkmanagement.
• Used for carrying network information and control
It is used for carrying network information and control commandsaround the network.
• Needs to be present on connections to all nodes.
CPSS needs to be configured on links for all nodes that are to bemanaged by a network manager. Redundancy needs to be built in toensure that network management can still take place even if one of thelinks fails.
• Capable of controlling 40 domains - 250 nodes in each
A network may contain many domains, each of these domains maycontain many nodes. CPSS is capable of controlling up to 40 domains, each with up to 250 nodes. This allows a network size of up to 250,000paths or 5,000 nodes.
Universal Card Types • Data Cards
1. Line Cards– DNIC, 2BIQ, 27LC, 28LC
2. Direct Connect Cards– RS-232, V.35, X.21, RS-449
3. Aggregate Cards– E-1, DE-1, V.35 PRI, X.21 PRI
• Voice Cards– LGS, LGE, E&M
• Application Cards– X.25, FR, ATM SC, DSP, DCP
System Card Types• Control Card
• Expander Card
• Dual Shelf Assembly Card
• General Facilities Card
Data Cards
LINE CARDS
Cards that connect to the DTUs or separate lines directly
1. Data Network Interface Card (DNIC)• Connects to a data device through a 2600 MainStreet series
DTU using up to 3-5 Km of standard twisted-pair wire. Each circuit on aDNIC line card supports one DTU.
• 3, 6 or 12 ISDN compatible circuits in one card.• supports 2B+D format (max. speed of 128K) per circuit.and minimum speed
of 800 bps• 2601 X.21 • 2602 RS-232• 2603 V.35 (Most frequently Used)
Line Cards (Cont.)2. 2B1Q (two binary, one quaternary) & 27LC• The 2B1Q and 27LC line cards connect to a data device through
a 2700 MainStreet series DTU using up to 5-7 Km of standard twisted-pairwire. Each circuit on a 2B1Q or 27LC line card supports one DTU, which
provides two data interfaces. • Provide six ISDN compatible circuits• Support 2B+D format• 27LC is the new release of 2B1Q and costs around 3-4 Lakhs• Increased distance range than DNIC card.• 2701 X.21 • 2702 RS-232• 2703 V.35 (Most frequently Used)
Line Cards (Cont.)3. 28LC card• This is a high speed card which provides speeds of 1 Mbps (1 W) &
2 Mbps(2 W) per circuit.
• Max range of 7 Km
• Software Configurable to RS-232, V.35 and X.21
• 4 or 6 circuits
• Built-in Bert
Direct Connect CardsFor direct connection to computers, peripherals, front-end processors,videoCODECs, modems and digital network links, such as DDS or Kilostream, the3600 MainStreet system provides cards for connection to X.21/V.11, V.35and V.24/RS-232 interfaces.
1. V.24/RS-232 DCC• Provides six TIA RS-232C and ITU-T V.24 interfaces• Supports data rates up to 64 kb/s• Connector used is DB 25 connector
2. RS-422 DCC• RS-422 DCC provides four full-duplex interfaces, each independently• configurable as either RS-530-A, RS-449/V.36, X.21 or V.35• Supports speeds of 2 Mbps and 4 Mbps
3. V.35 Card
• Provides Nx64k digital network bearer(56k Pri is 56kb/s only, N=1)
• V.35 Interface (DB 25 connector or M34 Connector)• Card status indication
• Synchronisation failure indication
• Loopback test facility• Interface redundancy
• DTE/DCE software selection
Aggregate Cards
1. E-1 Card– Provides one channelized, 32-channel, 2.048 Mb/s E1 digital trunk interface
with CAS, CCS or 31-channel formats
2. V.35 PRI Card– provide one X.21 aggregate interface operating at rates of n*64 kb/s to 1920
kb/s. – The distance limit is upto --------.
3. X.21 PRI– provides one V.35 aggregate interface operating at rates of n*64 kb/s to 1920
kb/s.– The distance limit is --------.
4. Dual E-1 Card • Provides two 2 Mb/s digital trunk interfaces• G.703/G.732 recommendations• High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) Interface option
• Optional Modules support ADPCM/ADPCM & G3 Fax or ISDN• Card status indication• Synchronisation failure indication• Loopback test facility• Bit Error Rate Option
• User Selectable Severely Errored Second options• Enhanced CRC 4 Statistics
Dual
E1Card
Status
LOS
Error
TX
RX
LOS
Error
TX
RX
Voice Cards
1. LGE Card– Receives dial tone from the PTCL switch or the PBX inturn connected
to the PTCl Cloud.– Provides six, short-loop, exchange-end, FXO-compatible circuit
interfaces– Supports a variety of T1 and E1 signalling types
2. E&M Card– Connects to the trunk side of the exchange and provides it with dial
tone.– Provides one, CO-compliant, long-loop, exchange-end FXO circuit
interface– Supports a variety of T1 and E1 signalling types
Voice Cards
3. LGS (Loop start ground start – subscriber)LGSCard
Status
Line 1Line 2Line 3Line 4Line 5Line 6Line 7Line 8Line 9Line 10Line 11Line 12
• Allows connection of public trunk circuitsto high speed digital trunks
• 10 or 12 ccts per card • Located at subscriber end• Emulates public exchange conditions••
Software programmable circuit parametersAllows ringing current to be sent to subscriber
Application Cards
Frame Relay Engine (FRE) Card
• Provides Industry Standards Compliant (ITU-T I.233 &Q.922) frame routing, dynamic bandwidth allocation, congestion control and frame error checking.
• 4 Mbps switching capacity• 62 streams per card with 1920 max bandwidth
for each stream • 992 PVCs or SVCs for each frame stream
– (DLCI range 16-1007)• 3,968 DLCIs per card
DSP (Digital Signal Processor)
• Echo cancellationDSPCard
Status
Cct 1Cct 2Cct 3Cct 4Cct 5Cct 6
DSP, DSP2 & DSP3 card
• 2 or 6 CCTS per DSP, DSP2 & DSP3 card
• 2:1 and 4:1 High Capacity voice compression
• Sub rate Multiplexing (HCM)
•
•
Echo cancellation
• Provides card status indication
• Each circuit can be configured as a
merger or a compressor
DSP 5 H Card
Bulk HCV on DSP5H
A new DSP card, called the DSP5H, providing twenty HCVchannels per UCS is being provided in this release. Thisapplication, running on the DSP5H resource card, is used in a36LG MainStreet Bandwidth Manager for the purpose ofcompressing PCM voice channels.
The DSP5H card consists of ten physical DSP devices whichsupport 20 HCV/Fax circuits on the card. In addition, each physicalDSP has a built-in SRM which can optionally be used to multiplexthe two HCV circuits out onto the same aggregate channel.
NOTE ⇒ The built-in SRMs on the DSP5H can only be accessedby the onboard HCV resource and NOT by any otherexternal resource. Additional SRMs will have to be providedthrough the use of the DSP3 - DSP4 card.
DSP5 - Bulk HCV
DSP #1
SRMHCV
HCV
DSP #2
SRMHCV
HCV
• • •
DSP #10
SRMHCV
HCV
PCM inHCV out
PCM in
PCM in
PCM in
PCM in
PCM in
HCV out
HCV out
Voice And Data together using SRM
SRMs SRMs
DS0
WAN
System Cards
System cards are used for node maintenance and occupy slots 9-12
Slot 9 Control Card 3• The SCC3 provides all common control and node management facilities for
the system. This includes provisions for:• Interfacing with the node manager• Control of the configuration database and system clocks• The running of system software• On Control Card we can put the DMM (Downloadable Memory module)
which is used for compression.
System Cards Slot 10 Expander card• It is used to increase the DX capacity of the SCC3. TheExpander card
determines the number of UCSs accessible to the SCC3 and the number of UCSs that support double bandwidth (62 DS0s).
Slot 11 Dual Shelf Assembly Card• This card is used to operate both the shelves of the Node at the same time
providing 16 UCS in the case of ms3600
Slot 12 GFC card General Facilities Card• The GFC provides extensive maintenance and diagnostic capabilities.• Provides the capability of BERT. (Bit Error Rate Test)
Balanced Transceivers
Shelf Configurations
Configuration Shelf Slot 9 Slot 10 Slot 11 Slot 12Single Shelf A SCC3 Expander Empty GFC-2Single-shelfControl redundant
A SCC3 SSR SCC3 GFC-2Single-shelfControl redundant with double-bandwidth switching
A SCC3(8+)
SSRUpgradeKit
SCC3 (8+) GFC-2
A SCC3 Expander BalancedTransceiver
GFC-2Dual Shelf
B --- --- BalancedTransceiver
GFC-2
A SCC3 Expander BalancedTransceiver
GFC-2Dual Shelf Control redundant
B SCC3 Expander BalancedTransceiver
GFC-2
NMS (Network Management System)
• Situated in Islamabad controlling over 120 nodes of PTCL and its Clients.
• Graphical Monitoring system which monitors all the nodes, cards and circuits between them.
• Circuit Configuration, Connection/Disconnection all through software.
• Alcatel 5620 Network Manager operating on Sun ultra series workstation
• Same NMS complaint with all the technologies e.g. TDM,FR, ATM
Window Menu
Main Menu
Menus
Scroll Bars
GUI Operating Environment and System Workspace
3600 Node Drawing
Controlsection;Slots 9-12
Universal Cardsection;Slots 1-8
Configuring Nodal Attributes
New Data Path end points
Introduction to Path Connections
Problem management
WAN
Remote alarm logging on
Introduction to Network Maintenance
Data Interfaces in MS3600
• Electrical InterfacesX.21 V.35RS-232
• Physical InterfaceM-34 DB-25
• V.35 can carry data speeds upto 2 Mbps and the Physical interfaces used for this interface can be a M-34 connector or a DB-25 connector. However default is M-34.
Distribution & Patch Panels
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
+ -
A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3
+ - + - + - + - + - + -
A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3
A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3A4 B4
RS-232
X.21
V.35
RS-422
VoiceKrone Block
3600 MainStreet
NEWBRIDGE
3600
MainStreet
CTL
3
V35
PRI
V35
DCC
DSP
5H
DSP
3
E&M
E&M
1 23 4 5 6 78 901 23 4 5 6 78 901 23 4 5 6 78 90
1 23 4 5 6 78 901 23 4 5 6 78 901 23 4 5 6 78 90
+ - + - + - + - + - + -
A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3
EXP
16+
Voice Krone Block
M34 Distribution Panel
Amp-Champ Cables -E&M and V.35 DCC
V.35 PRI Cable
Power Tray andPower Supply
3600 Single Shelf System
•12 E&M circuits•3 V.35 Data circuits•8 kbps HCV
E&M Voices
Router Connections
Leased Line Modem
Transparent Rate Adaption
16kb/sTransparent
D D D D D D D DB7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0
64kb/sTransparent
56kb/sTransparent D D D D D D D
RTS or DCD
B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0
DB7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0
D
Transparent Rate Adaption
• Sub-rate multiplexing is the procedure by which two or more subrate (less than64 kbps) circuits are combined on a single 64 kbps circuit
• Transparent rate adaption does not require any framing or signallinginformation
• 3 types of cards offer transparent rate adaption:
DCCs, DNIC and 2B1Q Line Cards, and DSP, DSP2 and DSP3 Cards.
• Transparent
A 64 kbps transparent channel is made of eight 8 kbps elements named B7 through to B0.The node manager represents the amount of bandwidth allocated by the number ofelements containing a D, representing 8 kbps of bandwidth.
HCM Rate Adaption
HCM Rate Adaption
• HCM rate adaption is a Newbridge proprietary rate adaption scheme
With HCM users can establish data channels for a wider variety of interface speeds thanis possible with other rate adaption techniques.
• Three types of cards support HCM rate adaption:
• DCCs• DNIC and 2B1Q Line Cards• DSP, DSP2 and DSP3 Cards
• Divides a 64 kbps channel into 80 * 800 kbps elements
HCM rate adaption divides a 64 kbps channel into 80 elements that are transmitted at arate of 800 elements in a second. Each element represents one bit or 800 b/s ofbandwidth.
• Illustrated - the node manager displays an HCM frame as a 10-row by 8-columnmatrix
The rows are named F0 to F9; the columns are named B7 to B0. The node manageridentifies an element by its row and column, for example F3-B2.
HCM Rate Adaption
F0F1F2F3F4F5F6F7F8F9
B6SD--------
B5DD--------
8 columns (64 kb/s)
10 rows
B7FD--------
B4DD--------
B3DD--------
B2DD--------
B1D---------
B0D---------
Branch & Aggregate ChannelsBranch & Aggregate Channels
SRMBranchChannels
AggregateChannels
Merging
Distributing
Sub-Rate Mergers
• Enables several circuits to be transmitted over a single 64 kbps channel
An SRM is an entity that processes bit streams from one or more circuits. It enablesseveral subrate circuits (voice or data) to be transmitted over a single 64 kbps channel.
Any Questions Or Comments ?
Thanks for your patience !!!!!!!
