DVCS .

• DVCS

https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Atlassian Products and Services

1 Atlassian provides developers and project managers with hosted or installed software falling into six

categories: Project and Issue Tracking Software, Collaboration and Content

Sharing, DVCS Solutions, Code Quality, AddOns, and Training

Products.


Fork (software development) - Forking of free and open source software

1 Sites such as GitHub, Bitbucket and Launchpad provide free DVCS hosting expressly supporting

independent branches, such that the technical, social and financial

barriers to forking a source code repository are massively reduced.


History of free and open-source software - Distributed version control (2001-)

1 However, other DVCS projects sprung up, and some started to get significant adoption.


History of free and open-source software - Git (2005-)

1 Some developers of the Linux Kernel started to use a proprietary DVCS

called BitKeeper, notably Linux founder Linus Torvalds, although

some other kernel developers never used it due its proprietary nature



1 A bunch of other developers quickly jumped in and helped him, and git over time grew from a relatively

simple "stupid content tracker" (on which some developers developed

"porcelain" extensions) into the sophisticated and powerful DVCS

that it is today



1 The increasing popularity of open source DVCSs such as git, and then, later, DVCS hosting sites, the most popular of which is GitHub (founded

2008), incrementally reduced the barriers to participation in free software projects still further


Emacs - GNU Emacs

1 GNU Emacs development was relatively closed until 1999 and was

used as an example of the "Cathedral" development style in The

Cathedral and the Bazaar. The project has since adopted a public

development mailing list and anonymous CVS access.

Development took place in a single CVS trunk until 2008 and today uses

the Bazaar DVCS.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Internet Explorer Mobile - Features

1 The latest version of Internet Explorer Mobile includes Tab (GUI)|tabbed browsing. The browser supports multi-touch gestures,

including pinch-to-zoom as well as tap-to-zoom, although not the

[https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/webevents/raw-file/tip/touchevents.html Touch API] at present. Bing|Bing Search is tightly integrated with

Internet Explorer Mobile. It can display websites in both mobile and desktop

versions.


Emacs - GNU Emacs

1 GNU Emacs development was relatively closed until 1999 and was used as an

example of the Cathedral development style in The Cathedral and the Bazaar. The

project has since adopted a public development mailing list and anonymous Concurrent Versions System|CVS access. Development took place in a single CVS

trunk until 2008 and today uses the Bazaar Distributed Version Control System|DVCS.


Clay Shirky - Distributed version control and democracy

1 Another application for DVCS, which Shirky presents, is the crafting of

legislation and uses [https://github.com/nysenate/OpenLegislation/ Open Legislation], a listing of legislative information from the

New York State Senate and Assembly, as an early step in that

direction


Clay Shirky - Distributed version control and democracy

1 will transition from striving towards one-way transparency to mutual

collaboration and suggests if it does there is already a new form of

arguing centered around DVCS to aid the transition.


University of Cape Town - Organisation

1 The VC is assisted in his task by a number of Deputy Vice-Chancellors

(DVCs) who handle specific portfolios


The Yogyakarta Principles

1 The concluding document contains 29 principles adopted unanimously by the

experts, along with recommendations to governments, regional intergovernmental institutions, civil society, and the UN itself.

[http://books.google.com/books?id=4QL9BElMSbkCpg=PA35dq=Yogyakarta+Principlesei=uDVCSoq2JaTYMLKvqMEOclient=mozilla Human Rights Watch World Report 2008] The principles are named after Yogyakarta, the

city where the conference was held


Deer - Economic significance

1 In Scotland, several roads including the A82 road|A82, the A87 road|A87 and the A835 road|A835 have had significant enough problems with deer vehicle collisions (DVCs) that sets of vehicle activated automatic warning signs have been installed

along these roads.


Distributed revision control

1 In computer programming, 'distributed revision control', also known as 'distributed

version control' or 'decentralized version control', allows many software developers

to work on a given project without requiring them to share a common network. The

Computer software|software revisions are stored in a 'distributed revision control

system' ('DRCS'), also known as a 'distributed version control system'

('DVCS').https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Distributed revision control - Distributed vs. centralized

1 DVCS proponents point to several advantages of distributed version

control systems over the traditional centralised model:



1 Software development author Joel Spolsky, the owner of a commercial DVCS, described distributed version

control as possibly the biggest advance in software development technology in the [past] ten years.



1 Another problem with DVCS is the lack of locking mechanisms that is

part of most centralized VCS and still plays an important role when it

comes to non-mergable binary files such as graphic assets.


Distributed revision control - History

1 Closed source DVCS systems such as Sun WorkShop TeamWare were

widely used in enterprise settings in the 1990s and inspired BitKeeper

(1998), one of the first open systems. BitKeeper went on to serve in the

early development of the Linux kernel.


Distributed revision control - History

1 First generation open-source DVCS systems include GNU arch|Arch and Monotone (software)|Monotone. The second generation was initiated by the arrival of Darcs, followed by a

host of others.


Distributed revision control - Future

1 Many tools rely on version control, such as wiki software|wikis, file

systems, and text editors. Some are starting to adopt/integrate DVCS

features, for example the [http://ygingras.net/gazest Gazest

wiki], ikiwiki.


Linga - Definition and meaning

1 This is known as '[http://books.google.co.in/books?

id=2dvcSlcI9uUCpg=PA76lpg=PA76dq=linga+purana+Lingodbhavasource=blots

=vpwVU5lT04sig=-MSYP6kSNLip-Rn-Uq_8uv-

lxCwhl=ensa=Xei=9HhGUf7EJoWsrAfhiYDQAQved=0CDEQ6AEwAQ#v=onepageq

=linga%20purana%20Lingodbhavaf=false Lingodbhava]'


Data Validation and Certification Server

1 'Data Validation and Certification Server' ('DVCS') is a public key

infrastructure or PKI service providing data validation services, asserting correctness of digitally

signed documents, validity of public key certificates and possession or

existence of data.


Data Validation and Certification Server

1 In practical applications DVCS also helps solve problems with

interoperability (numerous digital signature formats) and security of

typical office environments as well as financial data and transactions.


Data Validation and Certification Server - Overview of DVCS

1 A Data Validation and Certification Server (DVCS) is a Trusted third

party|Trusted Third Party (Trusted third party|TTP) providing data validation services, asserting correctness of digitally signed

documents, validity of public key certificates, and possession or

existence of data.



1 As a result of the validation, a DVCS generates a Data Validation Certificate (DVC). The data

validation certificate can be used for constructing evidence of non-

repudiation relating to the validity and correctness of an entity's claim

to possess data, the validity and revocation status of an entity's public

key certificate and the validity and correctness of a digitally signed

document.



1 Services provided by a DVCS do not replace the usage of CRLs and Online Certificate Status Protocol|OCSP for

public key certificate revocation checking in large open environments, due to concerns about the scalability

of the protocol.



1 A DVC validating a public key certificate can for example be used even after the public key certificate

expires and its revocation information is no longer or not easily available. Determining the validity of

a DVC is assumed to be a simpler task, for example, if the population of DVCS is significantly smaller than the

population of public key certificate owners.



1 An important feature of the protocol is that DVCs can be validated by

using the same protocol (not necessarily using the same service),

and the validity of a signed document, in particular a DVC, can also be determined by means other

than by verifying its signature(s), e.g. by comparing against an archive.


Data Validation and Certification Server - Services provided by DVCS

1 A DVCS MUST support at least a subset of these services. A DVCS

may support a restricted vsd service allowing to validate data validation

certificates.


Data Validation and Certification Server - Services provided by DVCS

1 On completion of each service, the DVCS produces a data validation certificate - a signed document containing the Data validation|

validation results and trustworthy time information.


Data Validation and Certification Server - Validation of Digitally Signed Documents

1 The DVCS verifies the mathematical correctness of all signatures attached

to the document and also checks whether the signing entities can be trusted, for example by validating the full certification path from the signing entities to a trusted point

(e.g., the DVCS's CA, or the root CA in a hierarchy).



1 The DVCS may be able to rely on relevant CRLs or may need to

supplement this with access to more current status information from the CAs for example by accessing an Online Certificate Status Protocol|OCSP service, a trusted directory service, or other DVCS services.



1 The DVCS will perform verification of all signatures attached to the signed

document. A failure of the verification of one of the signatures does not necessarily result in the

failure of the entire validation, and vice versa, a global failure may occur

if the document has an insufficient number of signatures.


Data Validation and Certification Server - Validation of Public Key Certificates

1 When verifying a public key certificate, the DVCS verifies that the certificate included in the request is a valid certificate and determines its revocation status at a specified time. DVS checks the full certification path

from the certificate's issuer to a trusted point. Again, the DVCS MAY

be able to rely on external information(CRL, Online Certificate

Status Protocol|OCSP, DVCS).https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Data Validation and Certification Server - Functional Requirements for DVCS

1 1. provide a signed response in the form of a data validation certificate

to the requester, as defined by policy, or an error response. The DVCS service definition and the

policy define how much information that has been used by the DVCS to

generate the response will be included in a data validation

certificate, e.g. public key certificates, CRLs, and responses

from other OCSP servers, DVCS, or others.



1 5. sign each data certification token using a key that has been certified with a dvcs signing extended key

purpose, and include a reference to this certificate as a signed attribute

in the signature.



1 A DVCS SHOULD include within each data validation certificate a policy

identifier to determine the trust and validation policy user for DVCS's

signature.


Data Validation and Certification Server - How it works

1 A DVCS transaction begins with a client preparing a Data Validation

and Certification Request. The request always contains data for

which validity, correctness or possession is to be certified. The

request MAY be encapsulated using a security envelope to provide for

authentication of both requester and server. Requester authentication can

be achieved by several of the formats described in CMS(), in

particular, signed Data.



1 The DVCS client chooses an appropriate transport mechanism to convey the requests to a DVCS. It may also be necessary to choose a

transport mechanism providing confidentiality and, in particular,

allowing authentication of the DVCS by the requestor, e.g., Transport

Layer Security|TLS or CMS or S/MIME encryption.



1 If the request is valid, the DVCS performs all necessary verification

steps, and generates a Data Validation Certificate(DVC), and

sends a response message containing the DVC back to the requestor. The Data Validation

Certificate is formed as a signed document (CMS Signed Data).



1 As with the request, it may be necessary to choose a transport

mechanism that provides for confidentiality to carry the DVC.

DVCs are not necessarily transported the same way as requests, e.g., they can be returned using e-mail after an

online request received via HTTP Secure|HTTPS.



1 If the request was invalid, the DVCS generates a response message containing an appropriate error notification. Upon receiving the response, the requesting entity SHOULD verify its validity, i.e.,

whether it contains an acceptable time, the correct name for the DVCS, the correct request information and message imprint, a valid signature, and satisfactory status, service and

policy fields.



1 When verifying the validity of a DVC, it is up to the requester's application to check whether a DVCS's signing

certificate is valid. Depending on the usage environment, different

methods, online or out of band, e.g., CRLs, DVCS, or OCSP, may have to

be used.



1 A DVCS may return more than one DVC corresponding to one request.

In this case, all but one request have a global status of 'WAITING'.


Data Validation and Certification Server - Identification of the DVCS

1 In order to be able to import elements from dvcs the following

object identifier is used as an ASN.1 module identifier.



1 The DVCS that use SignedData to provide authentication for DVCs MUST sign all data certification

messages with a key whose corresponding certificate MUST

contain the extended key usage field extension as defined in [RFC2459] Section 4.2.1.14 with KeyPurposeID

having value id-kp-dvcs. This extension MUST be marked as

critical. The Data Validation Certificate MUST contain an

ESSCertID authenticated attribute for the certificate used by the DVCS for

signing.



1 A DVCS's certificate MAY contain an Authority Information Access

extension [RFC2459] in order to convey the method of contacting the DVCS. The accessMethod field in this extension MUST contain the OID id-

ad-dvcs:



1 The value of the 'accessLocation' field defines the transport (e.g. an

URI) used to access the DVCS.


Data Validation and Certification Server - Data Validation and Certification Requests

1 Using a SignedData structure, a Data Validation and Certification Request MAY contain several SignerInfo structures, and countersignature

attributes depending on operational environments. When an end user client creates the request, there is one or zero SignerInfo. A relaying DVCS MAY add an additional signature

or a countersignature attribute, or MAY use another encapsulation from

[http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2630 RFC2630] that provides for authentication and/or

confidentiality.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Data Validation and Certification Server - Data Validation and Certification Response

1 1. A Data Validation Certificate (DVC), delivering the results of data validation operations, performed by

the DVCS.


Data Validation and Certification Server - Data Validation and Certification Response

1 2. An error notification. This may happen when a request fails due to a

parsing error, requester authentication failure, or anything else that prevented the DVCS from

executing the request.


Data Validation and Certification Server - Transports

1 There is no mandatory transport mechanism in this document. All

mechanisms are optional. Two examples of transport protocols are

given which allow online exchange of request and a response, and

asynchronous communication between a client and a DVCS.


Data Validation and Certification Server - Transports

1 A DVCS MAY use a combination of protocols, for example in order to return additional

DVCs.


Data Validation and Certification Server - DVCS Protocol via HTTP or HTTPS

1 This subsection specifies a means for conveying ASN.1-encoded messages for the DVCS protocol exchanges via

the HyperText Transfer Protocol.



1 The DER encoded DVCS requests and responses are encapsulated using a

simple MIME object with Content-Type application/dvcs (and with the

default binary encoding).



1 This MIME object can be sent and received using common HTTP or HTTPS processing engines over

WWW links and provides a simple client-server transport for DVCS

messages.


Data Validation and Certification Server - DVCS Protocol Using Email

1 This MIME object can be sent and received using MIME processing engines and provides a simple

Internet mail transport for DVCS messages.


Fork (software) - Forking of free and open source software

1 Sites such as GitHub, Bitbucket and Launchpad (website)|Launchpad

provide free DVCS hosting expressly supporting independent branches, such that the technical, social and

financial barriers to forking a source code repository are massively

reduced, and GitHub uses fork as its term for this method of contribution

to a project.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

D-A-S-H

1 In the summer of 2014 the sisters opened a pop-up retail store in

Southampton (village), New York|Southampton, New York which is

featured in Kourtney and Khloé Take The

Hamptons.http://www.hamptons.com/Lifestyle/Style-News/19443/Kourtney

-Kardashian-Khloe-Kardashian-Opening.html#.U54y4fldVcs


Malta bus - Arriva (2011-2013)

1 By the end of December 2013 Arriva had run up losses of €50 million in

two and a half years.[http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20131229/local/govern

ment-to-take-on-less-than-15-of-arrivas-debt.500621#.UsNs3_RDvCs

Government to take on less than €15m of Arriva's debt] Times of Malta

29 December 2013https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Frank Worrell - Legacy

1 In 1993, the annual Sir Frank Worrell Memorial Lecture was instituted at UWI Cave Hill by

Professor Hilary Beckles,[http://books.google.co.uk/books?

id=MaPOt0bZw-ICpg=PA97lpg=PA97dq=inaugural+sir+frank+worrell+memorial+lecturesource=blots=qNumOlDdvcsig=myLOOv28tziRiMgMzPuOGZ53YRQhl=ensa=Xei=8_HGUa6XGcXkPN7OgdgKved=0CDgQ6AEwAg#v=onepageq=inaugural%20sir

%20frank%20worrell%20memorial%20lecturef=false Boria Majumdar, J


The Icehouse

1 The 'Medibank Icehouse' (also known as 'The Icehouse'.) is an ice sports and public skate centre, located in the Docklands, Victoria|

Docklands precinct of Melbourne, in Victoria (Australia)|Victoria,

Australia.[http://www.sport.vic.gov.au/web9/dvcsrv.nsf/allDocs/RWPB12843FA4F86E9B9CA2571

B6002C718E?OpenDocument National Ice Sports Centre] - Department of Planning and

Community Development, Government of Victoria (Australia)|Government of Victoria.

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DVCS .

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