Duteau, 2016. Biomass energy presentation
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Transcript of Duteau, 2016. Biomass energy presentation
Yukon Biomass Energy: A literature review Forestry, supply chain, harvest, and sustainability
Yukon Biomass Forum Kwanlin Dun Cultural Center Whitehorse Yukon, March 16 2016
Presented by Michel Duteau, biol. MSc [email protected] Cold Climate Innovation Centre
Outline
Energy context: energy demand
-Heating
-Non-heating electricity
-Transports
Energy context: potential biomass feedstocks
-scales associated with nine feedstock types
Policy/legislation context
-Biomass Energy Policy
-Forest Resources Act
Remaining challenges
Estimated total breakdown of energy use for heat in Yukon (adapted from ESC, 2012 in ESC, 2016).
Energy context: energy demand
Space heating
Total: 2,385 TJ
Estimated total breakdown of energy use for heat in Yukon (adapted from ESC, 2012 in ESC, 2016).
Energy context: energy demand
Space heating
Biomass: 18%
Non-biomass heat in Yukon (adapted from ESC,
2012 in ESC, 2016).
Energy context: energy demand
Space heating
Non-biomass: 82% (1,962 TJ)
opportunity to offset some
fossil fuels
opportunity to offset some
electricity, especially in winter
peak
Relative net cost of heat options in Yukon - 2010 in $/GJ (adapted from ESC, 2014 in ESC, 2016).
Energy context: energy demand
Space heating
-Fossil fuel heating is more
expensive than biomass
*especially in off-the-grid
communities
$50 million/yr leaving the
Territory
Power usage in Yukon -2012 (adapted from Brandt, 2013).
Energy context: energy demand
Non-heating electricity
-Approximately 90% of
electricity production is for
non-heating purposes
opportunity to offset some
electricity, especially in
winter peak
-Vast majority of electricity is
hydro-power
*exception is with off-the-grid
communities
Yukon electrical grid (adapted from YEC, 016).
Energy context: energy demand
Non-heating electricity
-Yukon electricity grid
*not connected with neighbors
*off-the grids rely on fossil fuel
generators for electricity
opportunity to offset fossil
fuel for generation of
electricity in off-the-grid
communities
Sternwheeler ‘’Dawson’’ taking on cordwood at
a wood camp on the Yukon River – July 1990
(adapted from Yukon Archives in DED, 1997)
Energy context: energy demand
Transport
-Accounts for 37% of all
energy consumed in Yukon
-Virtually entirely fossil-fuel
powered
-Little opportunity exist at
the moment to offset any
Energy context: potential biomass feedstocks
Feedstock Potential quantity Delivered cost to a
Whitehorse end-user*
Net (TJ) Relative to opportunity (1,962 TJ)
Sawmill residues
Incidental harvesting and driftwood
Recycled wood waste
Salvage from wildfires
Salvage from beetle kills
Imported biomass
Short rotation coppice
Dedicated energy crops
Round wood
*does not include any processing
(e.g. chipping, pelletizing)
Exercise meant to compare on same basis
*Any statistic has a margin of error
Energy context: potential biomass feedstocks
Feedstock Potential quantity Delivered cost to a
Whitehorse end-user
net Relative to opportunity (1,962 TJ)
Sawmill residues Haines Junction < 60 TJ/yr
< 3% of yearly opportunity
Cheapest Dawson City Unknown but already allocated None
Feedstock Potential quantity Delivered cost to a
Whitehorse end-user
net Relative to opportunity (1,962 TJ)
Incidental harvesting and driftwood Unknown Unknown Unknown
Energy context: potential biomass feedstocks
Feedstock Potential quantity Delivered cost to a
Whitehorse end-user
net Relative to opportunity (1,962 TJ)
Recycled wood waste Unknown but partly allocated (Raven Recycling)
Unknown Unknown
Energy context: potential biomass feedstocks
Feedstock Potential quantity Delivered cost to a
Whitehorse end-user
net Relative to opportunity (1,962 TJ)
Salvage from wildfires
Yearly average 5,893 TJ/yr 3 times the yearly opportunity
Depends
Fox Lake Burn + Minto Burn
35,981 TJ (however, some double-dipping…)
18 years of yearly opportunity
Fox Lake: $52.67/m3 Minto: $75.13/m3
Standing dead tree energy content (adapted form Preto, 2011).
Energy context: potential biomass feedstocks
Feedstock Potential quantity Delivered cost to a
Whitehorse end-user
net Relative to opportunity (1,962 TJ)
Salvage from beetle kills
Haines Junction 8,018 TJ (assuming that all Yukon cordwood currently comes from there, and taking into account other allocations (e.g. timber)
4 years of yearly opportunity $64.56/m3
Burn areas and beetle kills within a 250 km radius from
Whitehorse (adapted from Morrison Hershfield, 2011).
Energy context: potential biomass feedstocks
Feedstock Potential quantity Delivered cost to a
Whitehorse end-user
net Relative to opportunity (1,962 TJ)
Imported biomass Unlimited Unlimited $350/tonne
Energy context: potential biomass feedstocks
Feedstock Potential quantity Delivered cost to a
Whitehorse end-user
net Relative to opportunity (1,962 TJ)
Short rotation coppice
Poplar 0.109 TJ/ha/yr 18,024 ha to fulfill the yearly opportunity
Unknown Willow 0.197 TJ/ha/yr 9,967 ha to fulfill the yearly
opportunity
Dedicated energy crops
Perennial grasses 0.204 TJ/ha/yr 9,617 ha to fulfill the yearly opportunity
< $240/tonne
Dr Darleen T. Masiak by a short rotation
willow stand at UofA Fairbanks
Research program by Dr Amanda Byrd at Uof A Fairbanks
Energy context: potential biomass feedstocks
Feedstock Potential quantity Delivered cost to a
Whitehorse end-user
net Relative to opportunity (1,962 TJ)
Round wood Addition of all current AACs and annual limits, less Haines Junction
1,289 TJ/yr 67% of the yearly opportunity $48.99/m3
Energy context: potential biomass feedstocks
Feedstock Potential quantity Delivered cost to a
Whitehorse end-user
net Relative to opportunity (1,962 TJ)
Sawmill residues Haines Junction < 60 TJ/yr
< 3% of yearly opportunity
Cheapest Dawson City unknown but already allocated None
Incidental harvesting, driftwood, and recycled materials
Unknown Unknown Unknown
Recycled wood waste Unknown , partly allocated Unknown Unknown
Salvage from wildfires
Yearly average 5,893 TJ/yr 3 times the yearly opportunity
Depends
Fox Lake Burn + Minto Burn
35,981 TJ 18 years of yearly opportunity $52.67/m3 $75.13/m3
Salvage from beetle kills
Haines Junction 8,018 TJ 4 years of yearly opportunity $64.56/m3
Imported biomass Unlimited Unlimited $350/tonne
Short rotation coppice
Poplar 0.109 TJ/ha/yr 18,024 ha to fulfill the yearly opportunity
Unknown Willow 0.197 TJ/ha/yr 9,967 ha to fulfill the yearly
opportunity
Dedicated energy crops
Perennial grasses 0.204 TJ/ha/yr 9,617 ha to fulfill the yearly opportunity
< $240/tonne
Round wood Current limits less Haines Junction
1,289 TJ/yr 67% of the yearly opportunity $48.99/m3
Energy context: potential biomass feedstocks
Feedstock Potential quantity Delivered cost to a
Whitehorse end-user
net Relative to opportunity (1,962 TJ)
Sawmill residues Haines Junction < 60 TJ/yr
< 3% of yearly opportunity
Cheapest Dawson City unknown but already allocated None
Incidental harvesting, driftwood, and recycled materials
Unknown Unknown Unknown
Recycled wood waste Unknown , partly allocated Unknown Unknown
Salvage from wildfires
Yearly average 5,893 TJ/yr 3 times the yearly opportunity
Depends
Fox Lake Burn + Minto Burn
35,981 TJ 18 years of yearly opportunity $52.67/m3 $75.13/m3
Salvage from beetle kills
Haines Junction 8,018 TJ 4 years of yearly opportunity $64.56/m3
Imported biomass Unlimited Unlimited $350/tonne
Short rotation coppice
Poplar 0.109 TJ/ha/yr 18,024 ha to fulfill the yearly opportunity
Unknown Willow 0.197 TJ/ha/yr 9,967 ha to fulfill the yearly
opportunity
Dedicated energy crops
Perennial grasses 0.204 TJ/ha/yr 9,617 ha to fulfill the yearly opportunity
< $240/tonne
Round wood Current limits less Haines Junction
1,289 TJ/yr 67% of the yearly opportunity $48.99/m3
Energy context: potential biomass feedstocks
Feedstock Potential quantity Delivered cost to a
Whitehorse end-user
Cost per GJ
net Relative to opportunity (1,962 TJ)
Sawmill residues Haines Junction < 60 TJ/yr
< 3% of yearly opportunity
Cheapest Cheapest Dawson City Unknown but already allocated None
Incidental harvesting, driftwood, and recycled materials
Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Recycled wood waste Unknown , partly allocated Unknown Unknown Unknown
Salvage from wildfires
Yearly average 5,893 TJ/yr 3 times the yearly opportunity
Depends Depends
Fox Lake Burn + Minto Burn
35,981 TJ
18 years of yearly opportunity $52.67/m3 $75.13/m3
$6.26/GJ $8.93/GJ
Salvage from beetle kills
Haines Junction 8,018 TJ 4 years of yearly opportunity $64.56/m3 $7.65/GJ
Imported biomass Unlimited Unlimited $350/tonne $19/GJ
Short rotation coppice
Poplar 0.109 TJ/ha/yr 18,024 ha to fulfill the yearly opportunity
Unknown Unknown Willow 0.197 TJ/ha/yr 9,967 ha to fulfill the yearly
opportunity
Dedicated energy crops
Perennial grasses: 0.204 TJ/ha/yr 9,617 ha to fulfill the yearly opportunity
< $240/tonne
< $13/GJ
Round wood Current limits less Haines Junction
1,289 TJ/yr 67% of the yearly opportunity $48.99/m3 $6.01/GJ
Energy context: potential biomass feedstocks
Political/regulatory context: Biomass Energy Strategy
Political/regulatory context: Forest Resources Act
Currently under review
Forest Management
Branch will receive
comments until April 30,
2016
Aim:
-Warrant responsible and
sustainable management of
Yukon forest
Political/regulatory context: Forest Resources Act
Planning
-Annual Allowable Cuts
in consideration of the
evidential forest capacity, as
well as economic,
environmental, and social
factors
-Completed for 3 regions,
and 1 being developed
* When not completed,
harvest is capped by an
annual limit
Planning level Geographic Scope Forest Resources
Management Plan
(FRMP)
First Nation traditional territories
Timber Harvest
Plan (THP) Watershed or landscape (500 to 50,000 hectares)
Site Plan Harvest block level (5 to 500 hectares)
Licenses and Permits
-Timber resource license
commercial timber
-Fuel wood license
commercial fuel wood
-Cutting permit
with commercial licenses
-Forest resources permit
personal
-Woodlot license
not anymore
Political/regulatory context: Forest Resources Act
Challenges: Economic
-Capital investment remains
high – higher than for fossil
fuels
private investment?
Challenges: Social
-Past technology failures
have left a bitter taste
-Past lengthy feasibility
studies have been tabled and
lead to no implementation
*Success stories outnumber
failures
-Past experience with old
biomass technologies have
lead to a fear that
environmental gains might
not be fulfilled (e.g. particles
and emissions)
-Past forest management
failures in other jurisdictions
have lead to a fear that
Yukon forest management
might not be sustainable
Challenges: Environment (Social)
-Technology has to be
adapted to harsh, cold
climate
-Technology has to be
matched with feedstock
-Supply chain yet has to be
developed (e.g. chipping,
pelletizing)
Challenges: Technical
Conclusion
We’ve seen
-Opportunities
offset fossil fuels and electricity for heating, especially in winter
offset fossil fuels for electricity, especially in off-grid
offset carbon footprint
Conclusion
We’ve seen
-Opportunities exist
-Potential feedstocks are proven
-Technologies are proven
have to choose which feedstock first, than find the right technology,
as feedstocks are not interchangeable
-Remaining challenges
capital investment
regulation context (soon!)
supply chain
social license is key