Dust Management Project Simulants Workshop Update
Transcript of Dust Management Project Simulants Workshop Update
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Dust Management ProjectSimulants Workshop Update
Mark Hyatt
October 10, 2007
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Dust
Dust readily kicked up by walking and the LRV and adheres to everything.
Some portions of the rover became coated with dust. Coating depended upon the material.
Suits were easily coated with dustBearing surfaces on gloves / helmets scratched
Coating on Surveyor was thin, but hard to rub off
J. Plescia, Lunar Particulates8/27/07
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What is dust?Size range of interest for environmental monitoring:
Presently defined respirable range: 20 nm – 25 µ
1 nm 10 nm 100 nm 1 µ 10 µ 100 µ
log dp
ultrafinefine
coarse
This also serves as a working definition for “dust,” corresponding to the size range where electrostatic and Van der Waals dominate
inertial and gravitational forces.
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Dust Project Structure
HRP / LADTAG NESC
Systems EngineeringARC
Julianna Fishman
Chief TechnologistGRC
Phil Abel
S&MAJSC
Rajiv Kohli
1.4.1 Regolith CharacterizationGRC
Ken Street
1.4.2 Environment CharacterizationGSFC
Bill Farrell
1.4.3 Simulant Development & CharacterizationMSFC
Carole McLemore
1.4.4 Engineering ForensicsJSC
Paul Delaune
Engineering Design Environment(WBS 1.4)
1.5.1 Mechanical Components & SealsGRC
Paula Dempsey
1.5.2 Materials and CoatingsLaRC
John Connell
1.5.3 Habitat/Airlock MitigationJSC
Paul DeLaune
1.5.4 Surface Systems MitigationKSC
Carlos Calle
Technology Development(WBS 1.5)
1.6.1 Mechanical Components and Seals
1.6.2 Materials and Coatings
1.6.3 Habitat/Airlock Mitigation
1.6.4 Surface Systems Mitigation
Technology Integration and Testing(WBS 1.6)
Dust Management ProjectGRC, JSCMark Hyatt
Paul DeLaune
ETDPO
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1.2 Systems Engineering & Integration
• 1.2.1 Requirements Analysis and Management• 1.2.2 Systems Analysis
– Analysis of technology needs, gap assessment, priorities and portfolio management, and develops infusion plans• Knowledge Capture (ARC, GRC) knowledge management
database for dust and environment related literature and data• Ground Test Facility Requirements and Capability
Evaluation (GRC, GSFC, JPL) define test requirements for technology integration and validation (focus on “small”chambers), determine facility capabilities and availability
• 1.2.3 Configuration Management
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Dust Project Formulation - Baseline Technical Content
• WBS 1.4 Engineering Design Environment
– Regolith Characterization• Addresses knowledge gaps and guides simulant definition and FOMs
– Environment Characterization• Analytically assesses lunar surface environment and applies to engineering
design and technology development, integration, and testing
– Simulant Definition, FOMs, and Characterization• Proves regolith characterization methodology• Establishes dust simulant figures of merit• Characterizes current simulants to assess applicability for technology
validation testing
– Apollo Engineering Forensics
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Dust Project Formulation - Baseline Technical Content
• WBS 1.5 - Dust Mitigation Technology Development
– Mechanical Components and Seals• Dust Tolerant Bearings, Gimbal/Drive Mechanisms
– Materials and Coatings• Abrasion resistant materials, surface coatings
– Dust Mitigation for Habitat/Airlock Applications• CO2 shower• SPARCLE• Industry Solicitation
– Dust Mitigation for Surface System Applications• Electrostatic curtain• Protection of Thermal Control Surfaces• Self Cleaning Solar Arrays
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Transition toTech Dev Proj
Materials andCoatings
Habitat/AirlockDust Mitigation
Surface SystemsDust Mitigation
Engineeering Forensics
Regolith/Environments Char.
Simulant Char. &Development
MechanicalComponents/Seals
FY 07 FY 08 FY 09 FY 10 FY 11 FY 12
Baseline Technology Development Roadmap (DRAFTv2)
Pre-Phase A Phase A
Report
SimReq.
H/W Design
Engi
neer
ing
Des
ign
Env
ironm
ents
Tech
nolo
gy D
evel
opm
ent
DUST Development PhasesCx Surface Sys. Milestones LCCR LSS SRR
EVA2 SRR EVA2 PDR
Char Dust Samples
Seal Test Gear Test
ThRadFab ThRadTestThRad
Studies/testsCurtainDemo
FOMs Released Existing Sim EvalProduction(unfunded)User
Needs
Complete DustyPlasma Model Dev
Test-Run Studies
Materials SurveyComplete
CompleteComponent Testing
Adv.Bearing Test
Lotus Coating
SPARCLETRL5
CO2 Shower Demo Proof
Synth/Mod ofCandidate Mat’l
LL SRR
LSS SDREVA2 TDIT
SPARCLETRL3
InfusionPoint
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Apollo Forensics Investigation• Objective: To obtain useful data on the
effects of lunar dust exposure on Apollo equipment and space suits.
– Results will be used to guide dust mitigation technology development and to help develop models for the effects of dust exposure on materials and systems
• Approach:– Examination of spacesuits at the Smithsonian
Institution by XRF and tape peels to reveal trapped dust
– Inspection of LiOH cartridge filters– Disassembly and Inspection of EVA glove bearings
and races– Chemical analysis of polymer degradation in suit
materials– Direct SEM imaging of exposed surfaces of an
EVA glove– SEM analysis of dust samples vacuumed from
suits upon return to Earth
• Accomplishments:– Made two visits to Smithsonian and conducted suit
and glove analysis– LiOH cartridge and EVA glove at JSC on loan,
disassembly began in April and SEM imaging underway
Initial visit to Smithsonian to evaluate condition of artifacts, such as the Apollo 17 suit shown above
Optical Micrograph of lunar dust vacuumed from Apollo suit
Electron micrographs from GRC showing damage to the outer layer of Alan Bean’s Apollo 12 suit
SEM image of inner bearing race from Apollo 12 IVA glove (not lunar exposed control case)
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Forensic Analysis of Lunar Dust
J. Anneliese Lawrence, Marshall University John F. Lindsay, Lunar and Planetary Institute Sarah K. Noble, NASA-Johnson Space Center
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Results & Analysis - continued
Tape Peel Calculated %Volume
glass
plagioclasepyroxene
ilmenite
christobalite
This chart is a breakdown by percent volume of lunar grain types for grain sizes between 20-90 microns from Apollo 17 (Mare soils 72501,76501,
and 78221)*.
This chart is a breakdown of percent volume for each lunar
grain type calculated from the tape peels for sizes greater than 2
microns.
Typical Apollo 17 Soil %Volume
pyroxene
glass
olivine
ilmenite
plagioclase
*Papike et. al. 1982
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Summary
• In spite of the fact that the suits were vacuumed and thirty years of storage, lunar grains were still stuck to suit.
• There were many grains of glass and plagioclase found on the suits.
• Yet, most of the volume consisted of pyroxene which was in contrast to grain size/mineralogy of normal Apollo 17 lunar soil.
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The next steps
• We are able to repeat this process with tape peels from Alan Bean’s suit.
• We also have samples vacuumedfrom the suits on Apollo 12,15,16, and 17.
• We have dust from the LiOHfilters which can tell us what dust got into thecommand module.
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Preliminary analysis of Apollo era fabrics and Bean Suit samples
NAS-DIRTJSC: John Lindsay, Roy Christofferson, Sarah Noble,
Joe Kosmo, John FeigheryGRC: Mary Ann Meador, Terry McCue, Vasana Maneeratana
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Progression of damage from samples with different degrees of exposure
Unused Apollo fabric Bean’s suit—shoulder under flag patch
Bean’s suit—shoulder exposed Bean’s suit—left knee
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Authentic Bean samples show similar damage to that suffered from Apollo Era fabric with ground-in simulant
Alan Bean’s suit Exposed to simulant