Presentation

Save Enegry to Save Enegry to Save Enegry to Save Enegry to LLLLeeeeaaaadddd

the world better !the world better !the world better !the world better !

1

the world better !the world better !the world better !the world better !

DUNIA-LED

Ruko Market Place PR-1 No. 09

Grand Wisata Bekasi - Jawa Barat

Phone. +62 87880806072 Fax. 021-29080079

Email : Bachtiar@dunia-led.com

Website : www.dunia-led.com

…A Brief History of Lighting

1879Edison Light

Bulb

1901Fluorescent

Tube1919

SodiumVapor Lamp

1970sFirst Red

LED

~1990“High Brightness”

Red, Orange, Yellow, & Green LEDs

1995“High Brightness”Blue, Green LEDs

2000White LED Lamp

demonstratesIncandescent

Efficacy (17 lm/W)

2005White LED Lamp

demonstratesFluorescent

Efficacy (70 lm/W)

2009Production White

LED LampExceeds 100 lm/W

U.S. 223,898

Efficacy (70 lm/W)

• Current lighting technology is over 120 years old

• LEDs began as just indicators, but are now poised to become

the most efficient light source ever created

Calculators and

Indicators

Monochrome

signs

Full Color Signs

Solid State Lighting

LED Lighting – Why Now?

• Technology has advanced dramatically to deliver value to new and emerging

applications– Reliability and lifetime are advantages for LEDs

– Lumens/watt has improved significantly

– White light quality & stability near incumbent technology

• Economics are starting to make sense– LED light can deliver Total-Cost-of-Ownership (TC)) savings through:

• Maintenance avoidance• Maintenance avoidance

• Energy saving

– Improved lumens/$ means lower initial fixture cost

• Regulatory & Green impact– Title 24 : Energy Star

– Incandescent light bulb bans

Basic Advantages of LED Light

• Advance technology � semiconductor base, work with solar

• Energy efficient � 140 LPW (still improving)

• Directional � No wasted light

• Long Lifetime � > 50,000 hours to 70% LM

• Rugged � No filament to break

• Start instantly � nanoseconds vs. minutes (HID)

• Enviromentally sound � no Hg, Pb, heavy metals

• Low temperature � comfortable, warm not hot

• Dimmable, controllable � New lighting features, power savings

• Love cold temperature � No cold starting issues

LEDs can replace any incumbent lighting technology

One teaspoon of mercury can

contaminate a 20 acre lake.

.

Effects of Mercury on the Environment

Forever.*

* www.lightbulbrecycling.com

Each year, an estimated 300 million

fluorescent lamps are disposed of in

Indonesia. landfills amounting to 7,500

Kg of mercury waste.*

The mercury from one fluorescent bulb

can pollute 24,000 litter of water

beyond safe drinking levels.*

Disadvantages of LED Light

� New Technology

� no standard, lack of knowledge, high expectation

� Expensive

� price gap with conventional is big

� Technology LeapTechnology Leap

� race on LPW, and other things

� Color Rendering Index

� less than Halogen or incandescent, different RGB peaks

� Heat Control

� limit its application on certain area (explosion, hot area, etc)

Recommendations

You must convert to LED if you want:� Comply to Green Regulation

� ISO 14000, OHSAS, etc

� Energy Savings:

� Electrical Tariff � Rp/Kwh

� Operating hours �Hours/Day� Operating hours �Hours/Day

� Reduce Maintenance Cost

� Lamp positions, operation’s concern, etc

� Special purpose

� Better CRI (tube, Hibay, etc), heat control, design, etc

Otherwise, You should not use LED

LEDmanufacturingLED

manufacturingmanufacturingmanufacturing

LED structures

• Initially red mass produced from 1969– GaAsP, Gallium arsenide Technology

– Produced red, amber, and yellow

– Early green produced by IR and phosphor

– GaAlA, Gallium Aluminum Arsenide High brightness red LEDs from 1984

• Shuji nakamura of Nichia 1993– InGaN, Indium Gallium Nitride Technology

– Produced Blue and Green

• Allowed development of White LED

Led chips production

Good Wafer = Good LEDs = Good Lighting

Binning

• The most important aspects

of LEDs

• At the end of production

line measurements made:– Fraction of a second, Device at

room temperature 25 C, Fully room temperature 25 C, Fully

automated process

• First stage of quality control

– Possibly the most important!

• Aspects tested:

– Colour

– Lumen output

– Forward voltage

Led Assembly

• Simple & easy process

– Everyone join this business

– 30% collapsed in 2012

– Predicted another 30% collapsed

in 2013

• Tough competition• Tough competition

• Tough Quality Control

– Chips selection

– Heat control

– Burnt test

LEDknow howLED

know howknow howknow how

• Temperature in die

– Determine LED life

– Determine operating life

– Determine light output

• LEDs may become “dim” or not even illuminate if there is no control in

thermal or temperature

1. HEAT/THERMAL CONTROL

– Determine light output

– Determine efficiency

• Higher the temperature

– Lower the life

– Lower light output

– Lower the efficiency

In general, “product lifetime decreases as temperature increases (US Energy dept – June 2011)

The heat path

The heat flow

HEAT/THERMAL IN LED LIGHTING

The heat flow

How to measure?

Controlling the heat

• Board Materials • Copper Area

• LED Placement • Heatsink

VTWM - Heatsink

Value of Thermal resistance Weight Multiplier

LED Lamp with VTWM below 1 signifies optimum

minimization of weight and temperature

2. POWER SUPPLY/DRIVER LIFESPAN

• Driver/ Power Supply consist :

• capacitors, inductors,

• transformers, opto-isolators,

• and other electrical components

• all of those components have

different design lifetime, are affected

by operating and ambient

temperature, and are vulnerable to temperature, and are vulnerable to

electrical operating parameter

variations from surge, spikes, etc.

• Electrolytic Capacitor is the weakest,

where the life will cut by half if

temperature increase 10 oC

External Driver: require re-wiring in installation, but good in long run.

Internal driver: easy in installation, but not good in long run

Driver Selection

• Must use double Electrolysis Capacitor or one Solid Capacitor

• Use famous brand only

� Meanwell, Inventronics, FSP, ERA

Lifetime is 50,000 hours ??

This chart is for LED Chips, measure at 25 C, inside a lab

ACTUAL TEST DATA

3. Current APPLIED

• Many companies claimed

their products have high

lumen per watt: ie 100

lumens/watt

• Most claims are based on:

– Temp 25 C

– Lab scale

• Many used other • Many used other

companies data

• Lumens affected by

temperature.

• Higher temperature �

lower lumens

Other design Energy LED design

(A) (B)

4. Material & Design

(C) (D) Shark finAluminum PCB

Heatsink must warm (not hot or cold) when you touched.

Means heat dissipation is working well

PC/glass cover

PC Fluoride Coating Diffuser

Normal PC cover will be yellowed by UV

rays. Occurred yellowing state decreases

Luminous Efficacy, and then the cover

turns black, hole forms and loses its

waterproof function.

Depending on the installation environment,

diffuser plate can be required to reduce

glareness

� Must check the following parameters

� Lumen per Watt

� Actual watt/Efficiency

� Chips selection

� Heat Dissipation

BRIGHTER IS BETTER ??

Heat Dissipation

� PC Cover Type

� Diffused

� Stripe

� Clear

� Beam Angle

DIP LED60-70lm/watt

SMD LED80 lm/watt

High Power/

Big LED Chip90lm/watt

Multi COB LED120 lm/watt

5. LED CHIPS TECHNOLOGY

60-70lm/watt

Normal TL52lm/watt

LED Lighting Evolution

Fast changing technology

• The most important is:

– Return Of Investment

– Break Even Point

• Race on Lumen per Watt (May 2012: 231 LPW)

• Predicted life cycle is 3 years

warranty time

• Too many factors, hard to control

• Claim procedure is uncertain

Use ROI/BEP as absolute reference!!

6. Area of application

Works well in low temperature

T8 efficiency is 90 lumen/w at 25 °°°°C, 40 lumen/w at 7 °°°°C

(by Lighting Research Center)

Fluorescent Lamp LED Light Tube

Corrosive area

• The life-shortening of LED lamps due to corrosion depends on the

installed environment.

• For example, if install by the beach, pool or factory emitting

poisonous gas, the lifespan will greatly shortened

• While aluminum-made heatsink is easily corroded, stainless steel

and copper give good protection

All LED Lightings are the same???

• It is different!!

• Depends on many

factors:

– LED chips selection

– Power supply

– Optics

– Heat sink

– Know how

– etc

• Be careful!!

Different Manufacturer = Different Performance

International Standards

• Needed to ensure common language, test methods, fair competition,

public safety, environmental protection

ISO

ANSIU.S.

CIE IEC NEMA IESNA UL

ANSI

DOE EPA

U.S. Standards

Still on progress made by Industrial Ministry and National Certification Body (BSN)

Sample Of Certification