Dublin from global to local Jamie Cudden – Research, Dublin City Council Twitter: @jcudden jamie.cudden@dublincity.ie

Recent Publications• "A roadmap for branding Dublin", developed on behalf of the

Creative Dublin Alliance which outlines a series of actions and recommendations to deliver an internationally competitive brand for Dublin. www.creativedublinalliance.ie

• 'Dublin's role in the national and global economy'; a one year research collaboration developed in partnership with the School of Planning at UCD on behalf of the Dublin Regional Authority. www.dra.ie

• "Demographic Trends in Dublin", a position paper drawing out current and future population trends and the policy implications

• www.creativedublinalliance.ie *updated version will be uploaded by end of 2012

• “Talent attraction and retention in the Dublin Region” developed as part of Dublin’s participation in the world class cities partnership (WCCP) http://www.slideshare.net/jcudden/dublin-talent-presentation-23-06-12-wccp

* All our indicator and benchmarking reports are available on the Creative Dublin Alliance site

Presentation Overview

• Look at the international perspective on cities & global trends

• What does it mean to Dublin?• Benchmarking our performance• Some selected initiatives and

research projects

Why do Cities Matter?

Many observers talk about the 21st century being the century of cities. The world is not flat .

For the first time in 2010 over half the world's population now live in cities. 3.8 billion by 2015 (53%)

They drive global GDP. Generating more than 80 per cent of global GDP today.

Cities occupy just 2% of the world’s land surface yet they house more than 50% of the world’s population

City Networks

Green Credentials of Cities

Cities represent the Biggest Commercial Opportunity in the

coming decades• One-third of the world’s population—2.6

billion people—live in emerging-market cities, and by 2030, that number will increase by an additional 1.3 billion.

• Middle-class population expected to rise 70 percent between 2010 and 2015. Effecting everything from where these individuals live to how they consume.

Source: Boston Consulting Group

“ While $8.1 billion was spent on smart city

technologies in 2010, by 2016 that number is

projected to reach $39.5 billion”

Source: ABI Research 2011

Twitter - resources The City 2.0 @TheCity2_0Bruce Katz @bruce_katz VP @BrookingsInst | In the face of economic stagnation,

fiscal turmoil & federal gridlock, we are witnessing The Metropolitan Revolution METROPOLIS @metropolis_org Metropolis is the leading international association that

gathers cities and metropolitan regions with more than a million inhabitants. http://www.metropolis.org

urbandata @urbandata Cross-Sector Urban Affairs: Progressive City Planning, Health Equity, Governance 2.0, Data & Community Indicators. Views my own. Mark Abraham, Exec Dir @CTData

Centre for Cities @CentreforCities The Centre for Cities is an independent research and policy institute, committed to helping #cities improve their economic performance.

C40 Cities @c40cities The C40 is a network of the world's largest cities committed to implementing sustainable climate-related policies locally to help address concerns globally.

ICIC @icicorg The Initiative for a Competitive Inner City (ICIC) promotes urban economic and business development in America's inner cities.

LivingCities @Living_Cities 22 of the world's largest foundations and corporations united to bring the power of mainstream markets to underserved urban areas - Innovate:Invest:Lead

CEOs for Cities @CEOsforCities CEOs for Cities is a national, cross-sector civic lab of urban leaders advancing the next generation of great American cities.

Richard Florida @Richard_Florida Urbanist, Author, Professor, Researcher, Talker, Bike Rider, Guitar Player

IBM Smarter Cities @IBMSmartCities Official IBM Smarter Cities account. Managed by Meredith Hannon and Vineeta Durani.

Follows the IBM Social Computing Guidelines. #SmarterCities @PPS_Placemaking The Project for Public Spaces has practiced non-profit #planning

, #design & edu in 3000 communities, 50 states & 42 countries. New York City · http://www.pps.org

“ Well over half of the world’s population now lives in cities, generating more than 80% of globalGDP.

Already, global business is beginning to plan strategy from a city, rather than a country, perspective.

Given the rapid growth and development of many cities, particularly in emerging markets such as Chinaand India, competition between them for business, investment and talent will only get fiercer”

Source: Economist Intelligence Unit 2011 / Citi Bank

Leading global cities are New York, London, Singapore and Hong Kong

Top 10 Global Cities on comprehensive indexes

Source: Greg Clarke, The business of cities, 2011 (excellent overview of international city benchmarking)

The Top 600 Global Cities

Top 600 cities account for 60% of global GDP yet hold about 20% of the population

City GDP 2005

Source: McKinsey CityScope

City GDP 2025

• Over 100 new Chinese cities to enter the top 600 by 2025

• Not just megacities

Urban Economic Clout Moves East

Rapidly Expanding Middle Class

Source: The New Global Middle Class: A Cross-Over from West to East.

Wolfensohn Center for Development at Brookings

• Metros drive economic growth, action shifts to Asia, Latin America, & Eastern Europe:

• 90% of the fastest-growing metropolitan economies among the 200 largest worldwide were located outside North America and Western Europe.

• By contrast, 95% of the slowest-growing metro economies were in the United States, Western Europe, and earthquake-damaged Japan.

Source: Brookings Metro Monitor, 2011

Importance of Cities“ Most OECD metro-regions have a higher GDP per capita than their national average (66 out of 78 metro-regions), a higher labour productivity level (65 out of 78 metro-regions) and many of them tended to have faster growth rates than their countries”

“Cities such as Budapest, Seoul, Copenhagen, Dublin, Helsinki, Randstad-Holland and Brussels that concentrate nearly half of their national GDP whilst Oslo, Auckland, Prague, London, Stockholm, Tokyo, and Paris account for around one third”

"Successful cities attract talented young highly-skilled workers, are centres of

innovation and entrepreneurship and are competitive locations for global and

regional headquarters. The proximity of universities to research and production facilities means cities are where new

products are developed and commercialised. More than 80% of patents

are filed in cities.“OECDSource: OECD, competitive cities in the

Global economy

We live in a spiky world

Source: Atlantic, The World is Spiky, 2005

Source: Dublin Chamber of Commerce 2010, Making the Case for Dublin

What does this mean for Dublin?

“Dublin operates in an intensely competitive world where increasingly it is cities (and not states) competing for investment, talent, tourism, international students”

What does this mean for Dublin?

Global trends:

• Increasing levels of human mobility and demand for skills (expected to double by 2020)

• Growth projections for international students (to triple by 2020) and transnational tourism (+75% by 2020)

• About taking these opportunities• Markets and cities that have never heard of Dublin

Sources:

• Dirks. S., Keeling, M and Gurdgiev, C., 2010, Smarter Cities for Smarter Growth, IBM Institute for Business Value.

• UN World Tourism Organisation (2009)• Young-Chul Kim (2009): The Asia-Pacific education market and modes of supply. In: The Asia-Pacific

education market, eds. William Tierney and Christopher Findlay, quoted in Hawthorne 2008.

The importance of City Branding

• “Cities must understand what place characteristics make them distinctive. All cities are part of the global economy and are now more connected physically and electronically. Nevertheless, unique place characteristics continue to distinguish one city from another and create competitive advantage”

Making Creative Knowledge Cities – A guide for policy makers

• “Governments are beginning to wake up to the fact that cities, countries and regions all need a new way of looking at identity, strategy, development, competitiveness and purpose if they are to survive in a very new world order”

Simon Anholt – Competitive Identity.

Branding Research

What Other Cities Are Doing?

Building on Dublin’s Brand – which is currently unmanaged Dublin – Unesco City of literature, City of Science, 2012

World design capital Bid

Top tourist destination was the Guinness Storehouse with 1 million visits in 2011

- Popular tourist destination- 3.7 million overseas tourists in 2010

- 4 Nobel laureates, Joyce, Shaw, Beckett, Heaney

- FDI success story

Dublin Quotes – positives

• “Dublin is becoming known as the silicon valley of Europe – there is an exciting new crop of both indigenous and international entrepreneurs establishing and growing their businesses here”

• “Decadent, delightful and full of surprises, Dublin packs a punch that, delivered correctly, will leave you reeling but still wanting more. That’s big talk for a small capital”…”A city whose soul and sociability makes it the charismatic of all capitals” Lonely Planet Guide Dublin, 2011.

• “A transformed city since the days of O’Casey and Joyce Ireland’s capital may have replaced its legendary tenements with modern buildings, but it’s essential spirit remains intact” Fodors 2011

Brand Objectives Attract international Talent, Business and

Investment

Support our exporting industries

Promote the goals of the tourism industry

Increase national pride in Ireland’s capital city

Strengthen citizens identity and engagement with Dublin

Collaborative City Leadership & Governance Model(Triple helix model)

Positioning Dublin in the national context – a voice for Dublin in the absence of a strong regional governance model

Strategic Approach - twice yearly International Benchmarking Reports & meetings with the Taoiseach: International – National – City Region

Engaging People - Expanding Networks across Public, Private, Creative & Civic Sectors

Who is leading this?

Creative Dublin Alliance Structure

Creative Dublin Alliance Website

www.creativedublinalliance.ie

Do we have a vision for Dublin?

Working towards this joint vision…..

Developing a regional vision requires an holistic approach

38

Regional vision

Economic growth

Quality of life

Sustaina-bility

Economic growth

Sustain-ability

Quality of life/social imperative

Public management and finances

▪ Infrastructure ▪ Sectors and companies▪ Competitiveness ▪ Talent▪ Labour market

▪ Carbon emission reductions▪ Waste management▪ Green transportation▪ Energy efficiency

▪ Health coverage and service▪ Utilities efficiency▪ Education ▪ Equality▪ Finance and funding▪ Security

▪ Regulation▪ Performance management▪ Tax collection ▪ Top team alignment

How we think about regional development

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2

3

4

1 2 3

Public management and finances

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How we could apply this to Dublin

Source: McKinsey, 2012

Benchmarking Dublin – Why?

• Dublin is now considered a truly global city and as such features in most of the international city benchmarking indices

• Dublin is a small city in the international scale and we certainly outperformed in relation to our size.

• Helps understanding the cities performance in the national, European and international context

• Learn from best practice• Performance in key international metrics such as:• Quality of living, Costs, Competitiveness,

Economy, International tourism arrivals, International conferences / events , International student numbers

Dublin – International Comparisons

• Dublin is a small city in the international scale and we certainly outperformed in relation to our size.

• Mercer Quality of living (2011) places Dublin in the top quartile (26th) ahead of cities such as San Francisco, Helsinki, Boston, Madrid and Seattle.* 2012 has seen Dublin drop to 35th position in the rankings

• The capital of a small island – open economy that is outward looking – exports are key

• 2nd most globalised country in the world • A hub for US investment: Since 1990 there has been more capital investment (189 billion) into Ireland compared to the BRICS

combined.

• Dublin was the 14th richest city by GDP per capita ($55,578) out of 200 largest global metros (2010-11)

• Dublin was the 3rd worst economic performer out of the top 200 largest global metros (198th in 2011)

Continued Success in attracting Foreign Direct

Investment- 2011 a record breaking year for Foreign Direct Investment- A twin track economy – tech sector is performing strongly in Dublin, job shortages in some areas- Dublin faring better than rest of Ireland

Quality of Living• Dublin 26th city in the world for quality of living (2011)• Dublin 16th top city in the world for personal safety• Top 5 global cities are: Vienna, Zurich, Auckland,

Munich, Düsseldorf

Costs of Living• Dublin is now outside of the top global 50 cities for

costs of living (58th) from 42nd in 2010. • 6 years ago Dublin was 10th

• Top 5 global cities are Luanda (Angola), Tokoyo, N’djamena (Chad), Moscow, Geneva

Dublin – Example Benchmarks*

* The following slides demonstrate the wide range of international rankings and benchmarks

#9

#9The Copenhagenize ReportOnce the third great bicycle city in Europe, after Copenhagen and Amsterdam, Dublin suffered the same car-centric fate as everywhere else but what a grand rebound the city is undertaking. A wildly successful bike share programme, visionary politicians who implemented bike lanes and 30 km/h zones, and a citizenry who have merely shrugged and gotten on with it. The only city scoring full bonus points, Dublin is an inspiration and a city worth watching.

Copenhagenize Fixes The leading bicycle city in the Anglo-Saxon world got to where they are because of ballsy political decision-making. A bridgehead is established. It will, however, require further intense infrastructure implementation to return Dublin to the heady days of last century. The new cycle track along the canal is brilliant, but now Dublin needs to find the funds for more.

http://copenhagenize.eu/index/criteria.html

TomTom Traffic Congestion Index

- Dublin 16th most congested city in 2012

- 24th most congested city in Europe in 2011 (down from 6th in 2010)

Globalisation and World Cities Network (2011)

Dublin is a highly connected city in the international contextIs ranked as an alpha minus city - according to the globalisation and world cities network (looking at presence of advanced producer services firms in global cities)

Dublin Second Friendliest World City

- British adults choose Dublin as the 2nd friendliest world city (YouGOV survey on behalf of DK travel guides) 2011

Wealth Report

- Dublin was the worst performer in residential property prices (85th

With a 25% decline on 2009 (Knight frank / Citi)

EIU Globe Shopper Index (2011)

Dublin ranked 14th /33 in the economist globe shopper city index (ranked 4th in Europe for shops)

Dublin: Best new global city for startups

- Dublin just rated one of the best new global cities for start ups

- Silicon Docks Badge

EIU competitiveness: Dublin Profile

Examples of Initiatives

• Sustainability Indicators • Dublin’s role in the national and

international economy• Open Data and Dublinked• Your Dublin Your Voice• Uniquely Dublin• Greenway, GreenIFSC• Innovation Dublin• Smart Cities

Sustainability IndicatorsWithin the next 25-30 years Dublin will

have an established international reputation as one of the most sustainable, dynamic and resourceful city regions in Europe

Developing a scorecard that monitors Dublin’s performance on a yearly basis

Dublin Green City Index

Source: Siemens, EIU, 2010

• Dublin is starting from a very low base

• This is being re-confirmed with the development of our own sustainability indicators

Selection of indicators selected

Conclusions

• Major challenges in measuring and monitoring city performance. Definition of a city region?

• Lack of quality spatial data • Moving towards evidence based policy

development? Slow progress….• Do we actually monitor and measure strategy?• Planning systems in local government - lack of

GIS tools, appropriate data to base decisions • Open data offers a solution – decisions will be

open to independent scrutiny ?

Open Data - Dublinked

2011 Functional Urban Dublin

How can we manage this? Governance Challenge

“DUBLIN’S ROLE IN THE IRISH AND GLOBAL ECONOMY, 2012”

To examine Dublin’s place and role in the national and global economies through evidence based research coupled with high level interview and to deliver a research package of evidence which explores the importance of the Dublin city region to future national economic success

59Williams, B., Foley, W., Cudden, J. & Shahumyan, H.

• To examine through evidence based research, optimal location for investment in terms of infrastructure provision, attractiveness, employment and talent capacities, sustainable development patterns.

• To create a database and a methodological approach suitable for economic development analysis which can be readily updated as further data streams e.g. census data are published.

• To build on and align with past and current research, internationally, nationally, regionally and as carried out within the local authorities of the city region.

60

Broad Level Objectives

Williams, B., Foley, W., Cudden, J. & Shahumyan, H.

Structure of the Study

Delivery of a research package - 3 Reports have been produced and distilled into a synthesis report

Report 1 – Collation and assessment of available quantitative socio-economic data

Report 2 – Spatial analytic approaches assessing socio-economic development

Report 3 - Analysis of interviews, relevant reports and literature

Report 4 - Synopsis of key policy issues and series of recommendations

Williams, B., Foley, W., Cudden, J. & Shahumyan, H.

Williams, B., Foley, W., Cudden, J. & Shahumyan, H.

Dublin – a national asset

Socio-Economic Profile of the City

Demographic Profile

Appraisal of the Urban Challenges

Access to Services, Opportunity

Innovation Clusters

MNE’s and FDI

The importance of Dublin nationally

The role of regions

Global Benchmarks

Input from key stakeholders

Planning Policy and Governance

Recommendations –maximising resources, infrastructural development, scenario planning

Future work

Role of Tourism

Transport and Connectivity (including route development internationally)

The importance of economic corridors

Starting points for discussion

Opinion on Dublin - SWOTSTRENGTHSAbility to attract, produce and retain talent- critical mass of talentGood business environment – cluster effectA city of global scale and/or importanceRelatively good quality of livingMuch improved transport infrastructure

WEAKNESSESHigh unemployment/Youth UnemploymentInterregional competitionOutdated planning and governance structuresInadequate ConnectivityEconomic crisis

OPPORTUNITIESAttracting new investment/entrantsIncreased collaboration across public and privateGrowing new creative industryEnhancing the tourism potentialEnhancing the built fabric and unlocking underdeveloped areasConnecting to emerging cities

THREATSLack of investment in critical infrastructure (water, rail)Skill shortagesCompetition from emerging marketsFactors undermining competitiveness-CongestionAntisocial behaviour

Williams, B., Foley, W., Cudden, J. & Shahumyan, H.

Results

Data on tax contribution for the year 2008 delivered in response to a Parliamentary Question in 2010 found that citizens or companies located in Dublin[1]

– contributed 55.6% of all VAT in 2008, followed by Cork at 8.8%

and Kildare 3.4– paid 62.4% of all Corporation Tax yielding €3.2bn out of a total

tax of €5.1bn in 2008. – paid 50.6% of state PAYE in 2008 producing an estimated

exchequer revenue of €5 billion for the Government.– paid 38.8% of non-PAYE income tax followed by Cork at 11%,

Galway 4.5%, Kildare 4%, Limerick 3.9%, Meath 3.5%, Wicklow 3.4% and Tipperary 3.0%.

– contributed 41% of all Capital Gains Tax intakes– Figures taken from response to parliamentary question July

2010 [2]•

[1] A number of caveats are attached to these figures due to reporting discrepancies such as Corporation Tax being collated based on the county address of company HQ or the relevant branch for tax purposes.

• [2] http://www.leovaradkar.ie/?p=1076Williams, B., Foley, W., Cudden, J. & Shahumyan, H.

Spatial Representations -Job Density and the Functional Urban Region

Williams, B., Foley, W., Cudden, J. & Shahumyan, H.

IDA investment locationsLocations in Dublin

Opportunity Map for Enterprise Potential

Investment Locations by key (Gateway) areas

Business Locations

• Where business locate across two growth sectors

• Hot Spots in a few Key Gateways

ICT Financial and Insurance Activities

Williams, B., Foley, W., Cudden, J. & Shahumyan, H.

Talent and EducationDublin and a few key Gateways are the centres for talent and opportunity

Dublin is the only Gateway with more graduates than it produces

Talent attraction and retention a recurrent theme of interview process

Broader issue of agglomeration and clustering (business, talent etc.)

Williams, B., Foley, W., Cudden, J. & Shahumyan, H.

Different Strengths in Different Areas

Williams, B., Foley, W., Cudden, J. & Shahumyan, H.

Conclusions

• By international standards Dublin is a medium sized or small city, ranked 77th out of 78 cities in terms of population by the OECD. Capital city regions in small and medium sized European states such as Ireland, Denmark and Netherlands often play a dominant role

• Dublin accounts for almost half of national GDP and its effective management and continued success is critical for the performance of the entire economy Williams, B., Foley, W., Cudden, J. & Shahumyan, H.

Conclusions

• Dublin has the critical mass of skills and workforce to attract investment

• Business Demography analysis shows that Dublin has been resilient in certain sectors such as ICT and Finance, actually growing the numbers of enterprises notably in ICT.

• Key areas such as transport, water and broadband infrastructure require future proofing to maintain the competitiveness of Dublin. International benchmarks indicate a need to improve our performance in these areas to maintain competitiveness

Williams, B., Foley, W., Cudden, J. & Shahumyan, H.

Conclusions

• Interview also revealed a strong body of opinion which felt that local government structures are sub-optimal and that “regions” should set employment as well as population targets……

• Form, Financing and Function go hand in hand

• Common messages included continued potential of the city region, inadequate broadband, need for greater levels of collaboration, threat of congestion, brownfield regeneration, skill and language deficiencies and the challenge of maintaining competitiveness

• Collaboration and knowledge share…Williams, B., Foley, W., Cudden, J. & Shahumyan, H.

Recommendations

• Strategic (and Technical)– To use evidence to influence future

policy• Recognising in particular :

– global position and the importance of international benchmarks

– The importance of joined up data and thinking

– Following on, it is recommended that under the auspices of the Creative Dublin Alliance that the research is used to develop a strong and unified vision and purpose for the city region.

Williams, B., Foley, W., Cudden, J. & Shahumyan, H.

Recommendations

• A succession of ignored policy recommendations from the 1960’s on the form, funding and financing of local government are listed in Report 3. These reports generally support the interview opinion that local government should have greater levels of autonomy with the assigning of revenue generation powers to local government linked with expenditure responsibilities.

Williams, B., Foley, W., Cudden, J. & Shahumyan, H.

RecommendationsIt should be clearly recognised that Dublin is

a unique case and national asset.

If we maximise the capacity of Dublin we maximise

the potential of the entire country. Targetedinvestment in key infrastructure is

necessitatede.g. to realise water resilience

Williams, B., Foley, W., Cudden, J. & Shahumyan, H.

Your Dublin Your Voice:• An opinion panel of over 3,000 members has been

formed to find out their views on living, working and studying in the city region. Owned by the city

• Cost effective method of citizen engagement• Allows us to track sentiment over time • And to run regular surveys helping to inform policies• People from all ages and backgrounds are

represented on the panel reflecting the diverse cosmopolitan nature of Dublin - over 50% of respondents have lived outside of Ireland for any period of time, there are also over 60 nationalities and representatives from all 32 counties in Ireland.  14% non-Irish.

www.yourdublinyourvoice.ie

Best things about Dublin (as identified by people that live here)

• “Vibrant international city with a small town feel”• “Dublin has a buzz that others city's don't have”• “That it has the diversity and energy of a young

and vibrant 21st century city”• “Compact city where you can see a city, a fishing

harbour and the mountains all in one day”• “It’s nice and compact so that where ever you go

you’ll always know someone nearby.”• “Lots of interesting people means lots of

interesting events and venues, and because of it’s size you hear about them and can get to them easily.”

Categories www.uniquelydublin.ie

Other Initiatives

Smart Cities – Testbedding New Technologies