Du plessis ps23

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Transcript of Du plessis ps23

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Mindfulness

• “…paying attention in a particular way, on purpose, in the

present moment, and non-judgmentally” (Kabat-Zinn, 1994,

p. 4)

• Trait-like (Brown & Ryan, 2003)

• Measuring mindfulness informed by various

conceptualizations of construct

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The Five Facet Mindfulness Model

• Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietemeyer & Toney (2006)

• (1)The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS);

Brown & Ryan 2003);

• (2) The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI;

Buchheld, Grossman, & Walach, 2001);

• (3) The Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills

(KIMS; Baer, Smith, & Allen, 2004);

• (4) The Cognitive Affective Mindfulness Scale (CAMS;

Feldman, Hayes, Kumar, Greeson, & Laurenceau,

2007); and

• (5) The Mindfulness Questionnaire (MQ; Chadwick,

Hember, Symes, Kuipers, & Dagnan, 2008).

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The Five Facet Mindfulness Model

• Baer, Samuel & Lykins (2011)

• Conceptualizes five mindfulness skills:

• Non-Reactivity to Inner Experience

• Observing/Noticing

• Acting with Awareness

• Describing

• Non-Judging of Experience

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Mindfulness in an African context

Central to the construct of mindfulness is the notion that

this mode of awareness is universal (Bishop et al., 2004)

Thus, anyone should be able to learn and practice

mindfulness

Does this hold true in African context?

Individual vs collectivism

Can the five factor mindfulness structure proposed by

Baer et al. be replicated in an African context?

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Aim

• To determine whether the factor structure of the five

facet mindfulness model, proposed by Baer et al. (2006),

can be replicated in an African context

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Method

• Participants: 794 undergraduate students

• Fit statistics for the five facet model of mindfulness were

examined

• A series of measurement invariance tests of the targeted

ESEM model across Black (630) and White (164)

respondents were conducted.

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Results

• The results supported the overall model fit for the five

factor model.

• There was support for the hypothesis of equal factor

loadings (weak measurement invariance).

• The added constraint of equal measurement intercepts

led to a small, and likely trivial, deterioration in fit.

• Some items demonstrated misfit and the content of

these items provide clues as to how to best

operationalise Mindfulness

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Results

Fit Statistics for Factor Models of the Mindfulness Scale with South African Data

Model MLR χ2 df RMSEA CFI TLI SRMR AIC

2. ESEM Baseline

3. ESEM Configural

6361.422 3070 .052 .783 .741 .044 132822.627

4. ESEM Weak

6714.340 3350

.050 .778

.758

.054 132766.931

5. ESEM Strong

7030.086 3411

.052 .761

.744

.057 132973.991

6. ESEM Strict

7299.963 3472

.053 .748

.734

.065 133186.263

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Conclusion

• Central to the implications of these findings is the

theoretical endorsement of the Five Facets proposed by

Baer, et al. (2006) in an African context.

• This endorsement extends not only to the factor

structure itself but in addition adds support to the notion

of the cultural invariance of mindfulness.

• As a whole, the results support the transportability of the

Mindfulness construct to the African context.

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Conclusion - Looking Forward

• Continual exploration of the construct as it pertains

derivative outcomes

• Study at the University of Johannesburg in respect to

the relationship with well-being and academic

performance of students

• Further examination of DIF as the scale is increasingly

endorsed an African context

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