DT Manual

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RF DRVIVE TESTING

On completion of the module one should be familiar with DT tools

and terms based on the following headings:

Planned Drive Pre-dened testing tools MS/! and "TS/#ode" !vents $P% Measurements Drawing &nal'sis

INTRODUCTION

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() DT is the most common and ma'be the best wa' to anal'*e

+ellular #etwor, performance b' means of coverage evaluation

s'stem availabilit' networ, capacit' networ, retainabilit' and

call .ualit' &lthough it gives idea onl' on downlin, side of the

process it provides huge perspective to the service provider

about what0s happening with a subscriber point of view

%t is the testing of a networ, in a particular area to get the real

picture of the networ,0s performance on the eld using certain

tools %t brings about Planning %mplementation of the plan andoptimi*ing where necessar'

1hile statistics give an idea about the real behavior faced b' all

end users regardless of their geographical location drive testing

bring a simulation of end user perception of the networ, on the

eld from one call perspective Drive tests give the 2feel0 of the

designed networ, as it is e3perienced in the eld The testing

process starts with selection of the 2live0 region of the networ,

where the tests need to be performed and the drive testing path

"efore starting the tests the engineer should have the appropriate

,its that include mobile e.uipment 4usuall' three mobiles5 drive

testing software 4on a laptop5 and a 6PS 4global positioning

s'stem5 unit

The purposes of () DT are:


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Since () DT service tools 4MS/! 7 "TS/#ode"5 are alwa's in

use the "TS/#ode" needs constant maintenance to improve

its performance

The performance of an () networ, is onl' assessed b'

collecting and anal'*ing DT logs

&s a business venture troubleshooting and optimi*ation b'

the operators is needful and can onl' be done when DT logs

are collected

6enerall' () DT is captioned as a planned drive aimed attesting events, measre !PIs and dra" anal#sis between the

$S and %TS in real time using pre&de'ned testing t((ls

"ased on the above denition % will discuss () DT under the

following headings:

Planned Drive

Pre-dened testing tools

MS and "TS

!vents $P%s Measurements

Drawing &nal'sis

P)*NNED DRIVE

"' planned drive it su8ces to sa' that an indebt understanding of

customer0s demand of what type of RF DT to be carried-out pre-

dened routes and updated cell le are reall' necessar' % will

again discuss planned drive in the following sub-headings:

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T'pes of () DT

Pre-dened (outes

pdated +ell )ile

T#pes ( RF DT

The t'pes of () DT are generall' summari*ed into the following:

Troubleshooting/9%P () DT: This () DT normall' comes up after

problems of a particular site/cell have been reported b' statistical

anal'st from the logs of an SS9 () DT These areas are also called

hotspots and the anal'sis is performed simultaneousl' with the

DT

"enchmar, () DT: %n a region where there is more than one

operator "M () DT is used to compare the networ, performance

of these operators This () DT is mostl' done in clusters

Pre-aunch DT/SS9 () DT: Single Site 9erication () DT can also

be called cell coverage anal'sis DT or the routine DT %t is a DT

used to monitor networ, performance on regular basis and on

new planned sites in the networ, %t tells the coverage area of

each sector of the site

+luster DT:

Pre and Post Swap DT:

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Pre&de'ned R(tes

!ver' operator has their coverage area ie the area the sites are

e3pected to cover "efore performing () DT ,nowledge of the

e3pected area to be covered is largel' important to the () DT

!ngineer &lso if it is a cluster DT proper denition of eachcluster route is necessar' as a repeated drive of an' route we

surel' a;ect the $e' Performance %ndicators 4$P%0s5

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Updated Cell 'le

This is an e3cel sheet showing details of all the sites of an

operator The sheet contains the cell name &bsolute (adio

)re.uenc' +hannel #umber 4&()+#5 "ase Station %dentit' +ode

4"S%+5 atitude ongitude Mobile #etwor, +ode 4M#+5 Mobile

+ountr' +ode 4M++5 ocation &rea +ode 4&+5 +ell %dentit' 4+%5

antenna direction antenna beam mechanical tilt electrical tilt

etc %t is converted to a cell le format 4this is the format T!MS

understands5 using the following steps:

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Open another e3cel sheet

+op' the sheet introduction on the top left of the sheet also

in the rst row of the sheet eg < T!MS=-=+ell=names

+op' needed information such as cell name &()+# "S%+

at on and antenna direction to the new sheet

Save the e3cel sheet using the te3t tab delimited format

Open the saved le and rename it >an' namecel? and save

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PRE&DEFINED TESTING TOO)S

There man' testing tools for DT "ut when carr'ing-out an () DT

pro@ect the testing tools are in most cases dened b' theclient/customer The most used testing tools are the general

products of T!MS The acron'm e3pands as Testing !.uipments

for Mobile S'stems Aer products are grouped into:

(eal time diagnosis tools

#etwor, planning tools

#etwor, monitoring tools

#etwor, Performance Management tools

&lso with the T!MS products are:

& laptop the meets tas, specication

&t least a mobile phone

One 4B5 6PS

&n e3tension bo3

&+ to D+ inverter

& well-ventilated car

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$UE and %TSN(de%

MS: Mobile Station 4MS5 or ! 4ser !.uipment5 is made up

of the Mobile !.uipment 4%nternational Mobile !.uipment%dentit' %M!%5 and Subscriber %dentit' Module 4%nternational

Mobile Subscriber %dentit' %MS%5 The MS used for () DT can

either be $CE 1F etc

"oth the $CE and 1F have an almost the same user

approach as the steps below shows:

Power-up the phone 4#": &lwa's remove the batter' from

the phone when not in use5

+onnect the cable rst to the phone and then to the laptop

when alread' the license 4dongle5 is up and running


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$CE

Purel' designed for 6SM networ, testing


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1F

%t has the capabilities of perform test on 6SM 4<65 1+DM& 4G65

6SM and 1+DM& 4%(&T5 9ideo streaming etc %t is the MS in

vogue as testing for 1+DM& is now ever'where since itsdeplo'ment


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%TSN(de%5 The "ase Transceiver Station 4"TS5 is made up of

the following:

"TS Shelter/%ndoor nit


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"TS Tower/Outdoor nit

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(easons for Tilting &ntenna

(eduction of overshoot

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(emoval of insular coverage

(educing interference

%mproving coverage .ualit' in near areas

&d@usting AO

T'pes of &ntenna Tilt

Mechanical Tilt

!lectrical Tilt

EVENTS and !PI $E*SURE$ENTS

Events

%n () DT the events that will be re.uired b' the operator are:

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MS +onnected and Disconnected

"loc,ed +alls

+all %nitiation

+all !stablished

+all Set-up

+all end

+ell (eselection

Dedicated Mode

%dle Mode

Dropped +alls

AO success and failure

PS attached and detached

PDP +onte3t &ctivated and Deactivated

ocation &rea pdate

(outing &rea pdate

MS +onnected and Disconnected: This is the voice prompt when

an MS is activated and deactivated on T!MS

"loc,ed +alls: +alls that cannot nd their wa' into the networ,

are classied as bloc,ed calls The' are used to ascertain the

accessibilit' of the networ, +auses of bloc,ed calls will be

generall' classied into the following:

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Terminating MS is engaged

S'stem "us'

#o service

Other causes

+all %nitiation: This happens when the originating MS/! see,s

T+A allocation of resources %t0s simpl' put as when a number is

dialed b' the originating MS/!

+all set-up: This occurs when the terminating MS/! receives

signal from the "TS of an in-coming call This measures the

successful T+A assignment to the total number of T+A

assignment attempts

+all !stablished: This occurs when both the originating and the

terminating MSs are carr'ing tra8c

+all end: This occurs when the transfer of tra8c between the

originating and terminating MSs is stopped b' the users

+ell (eselection: This occurs when the MS is in idle mode The MS

measures the $P%s of cells it can camp on while in transit

Dedicated Mode: 1hen an MS is carr'ing tra8c/ma,ing calls the

MS is said to be in a dedicated mode


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%dle Mode: & drive test activit' in which the MS is >O#? but no

calls occur & powered on mobile station 4MS5 that does not have

a dedicated channel allocated is dened as being in idle mode

1hile in idle mode it is important that the mobile is both able to

access and be reached b' the s'stem The idle mode behavior is

managed b' the MS %t is the mode for performing scanning

Dropped +alls: This shows the number of abnormal

disconnections during call setup or during conversation )rom asubscriber point of view the most serious dropped calls are those

that interrupt an ongoing conversation ie a call dropped on the

T+A

This indirectl' also denes retainabilit' as a higher retainabilit'

value indicates less dropped calls

The causes of dropped calls can be classied into two ie

Tra8c +hannel 4T+A5 Dropped calls

• !3cessive Timing &dvance

• ow Signal Strength

• "ad Hualit'

• Sudden oss of +onnection

•Other (easons

SD++A Dropped calls

• ow signal strength on down or uplin,


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• Poor .ualit' on down or uplin,

• Too high timing advance

• MS error

• Subscriber0s behavior

• MS "atter' Iaw

• +ongestion on T+A

AO Success and )ailure: 1hen a call is made continuousl' in

transit it e3pected that the cell where the call was initiated and

camped-on will not be cell where the call is terminated The call is

transferred from one cell to another as the MS is in transit

Therefore AO success is the process where a dedicated call is

transferred from one cell to another without an' voice .ualit'

dropping using some well-dened networ, AO parameter

conguration %f the .ualit' of the call drops or the call ends

impromptl' then the call is said to have e3perience AO failure

+auses of AO failures

• +ongestion on the target cell

• #o s'nchroni*ation between e.uipments from manufacturers

• Poor AO parameter conguration

• Missing #eighbors

• Problem from antenna and feeder s'stem


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• PS &ttached and Detached: %t is used to measure the

accessibilit' in and out of an' networ, while testing for data

service

PS &ttach and Detach: %t is an event used b' the MS to access the

networ, for 6(PS service over a channel This channel focuses on

that pac,et alone been transmitted %t can be used to ascertain

the level of accessibilit' of a networ, in performing 6P(S service

PDP +onte3t &ctivation and Deactivation: %n order for the MS to

send and receive 6P(S data the MS must perform a PDP conte3t

activation after the 6P(S attach The PDP conte3t activation

ma,es the MS ,nown in the concerned 66S# and communication

to e3ternal networ,s is made possible The PDP conte3t activation

corresponds from the end users perspective to Jogging OnJ to an

e3ternal networ, The di;erence from using a dial-up connectionover circuit switched is that in 6P(S the end user can have

several PDP conte3ts activated simultaneousl' if the terminal

supports several %P addresses

ocation &rea pdate: & 6SM networ, is divided into cells &

group of cells is considered a location area & mobile phone in

motion ,eeps the networ, informed about changes in the location

area %f the mobile moves from a cell in one location area to a cell

in another location area the mobile phone should perform a

location area update to inform the networ, about the e3act

location of the mobile phone


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(outing &rea pdate: & routing area is sub-divided into location

area %t is an event used b' the MS for PS attach and detach and

PDP conte3t activation and deactivation services

!PI $easrements

See T!MS 6SM/1+DM& P&(&M!T!(S M&#&


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DR*6ING *N*)7SIS

%n () DT the ma@or anal'ses to be drawn are:

+overage &nal'sis

%nterference &nal'sis

AO &nal'sis

#eighbor &nal'sis

+all &nal'sis

Data throughput rate


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