Dry Months in India
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Transcript of Dry Months in India
Dry Months in India
Presentation created by Robert L. MartinezPrimary Content Source: Geography Alive!
The Mehrangarh Fort rises out of the desert like a towering giant, looking down on the “Blue City” of Jodhpur,
India.
The city gets its nickname from the fact that most of the houses are
painted blue. Some people say that this color is used to keep away
mosquitoes.
In July 2002, nearly half of Jodhpur’s crops could not be planted because
the summer monsoons were late. The worst drought in more than 40 years
had begun.
Jodhpur sits at the eastern edge of the Thar Desert in northern
India.
This region is a leading producer of cattle, spices, and grains.
It has a semiarid climate, with hot dry weather throughout most
of the year.
The people living in and around Jodhpur are accustomed to their
semiarid climate.
In most years, the city receives only about 14 inches of rain.
The average temperatures does not drop below 60 degrees
Fahrenheit, even in the winter.
Summer monsoons bring much needed rains from June to
September.
Approximately 80 percent of the people living around Jodhpur are farmers, but farming is difficult in
this dry region.
The desert soil requires a great amount of water to produce crops, and farmers depend on the monsoons for
that water.
The rains come late in some years.
Sometimes too little rain falls, resulting in crop failures and shortages of drinking water.
Wind can pick up the thin dust on the arid plains. These dust storms are
common before the summer monsoons.
As people grow weak from hunger, disease spreads more easily.
The people of Jodhpur have learned to adapt to their semiarid
climate.
Women must sometimes walk miles in scorching heat to fetch drinking
water for their families.
In addition to growing crops, many farmers raise livestock, which can
survive on native plants when crops fail.
To conserve water, some farmers have begun to use drip irrigation, in which
water drips directly onto a plant’s roots.
With the use of this irrigation method, little water is wasted as
runoff or to evaporation.
This careful use of water make sense in Jodhpur, where every
drop counts.
Rains in Calcutta, India
Calcutta is a city of contrasts that has been described as both the
“City of Joy” and the “Dying City.”
Its modern skyscrapers tower over the muddy Hooghly River, which is
a branch of the Ganges River.
When the monsoons come during the month of June, the
river floods.
After a rain shower of two, Calcutta finds itself knee-deep, or even neck-deep, in water.
Approximately 15 million people call Calcutta home. About a third
of the city’s residents live in slums.
The city’s winters are dry and pleasant, with moderate winds
blowing in from the north.
From June to September, the winds shift directions, as the moist
monsoon air blows in from the Indian Ocean.
The monsoons can dump nearly 50 inches of rain on the city in only four months, and temperatures
can soar to 100 degrees.
Clearly these summer rains present a great challenge to the
people of Calcutta.
Calcutta floods easily. The city’s old canals overflow quickly when
rainwater fills the streets, and buses and taxis can’t navigate the flooded
roads.
Children must wade to school through waist-high water and spend the day in wet clothing.
Nevertheless, the monsoon rains are welcome because the
farmers need the rain to water their crops.
The rains also provide relief from the sticky summer heat.
Calcutta has had to find ways to deal with the summer floods. In the past, a system of canals drained floodwater
out of the city.
This system was later abandoned in favor of modern streets and
sewers…
… but when too much rain falls, garbage clogs the old canals.
Standing water in the flooded streets breeds mosquitoes.
Diseases that are carried by mosquitoes, such as malaria, then spread quickly, causing people to
sicken and die.
Today officials in Calcutta are looking at rebuilding the city’s
antiquated canals to help with the flooding.
Meanwhile, sewer lines are being repaired so that they can carry
more water during storms.
The city is also working to keep the river clear of debris so that
more water can drain downstream during heavy rains.