Dry Cow Therapy, Mastitis and Milk -

EnhancementNissim Silanikove, Agricultural , Agricultural

Research Organization, Institute of Research Organization, Institute of Animal Science, Israel.Animal Science, Israel.

http://publicationslist.org/silanikovehttp://publicationslist.org/silanikove

Gabriel Leitner, The Veterinary Institute, Israel, The Veterinary Institute, Israel

MastitisMastitisMastitis affects one third of all dairy cows annually ¹

 

Conventional Organic

U. K. 37.1 34.7

¹ National Mastitis Council, Current Concepts in Bovine Mastitis, Madison, WI, 1996.

Mastitis Costs

Mastitis costs the U.S. dairy industry over $2 Billion annually (W L Hurley, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 2001.)

The worldwide estimated cost of mastitis to the dairy industry is $10.34 Billion annually .

Current Drug Treatment

Current Drug Treatment

Milk Enhancement - Posilac .

Dry Cow Treatment - Antibiotics .

Mastitis - Antibiotics .

Milk Withdrawal - Antibiotics

Total Milk Losses Per Cow Treated

Milk Loss and Cost of Discard

MilkMilk Loss

60 lb/dCost of

Discard Milk

Pirsue® 150 $18.00

Dariclox® 180 $21.60

Amoxi-Mast®

210 $25.20

Dariclox® 270 $32.40

Pirsue® 300 $36.00

The Physiological Basis

Dramatic activation of the innate immune system within 8 hours

Secretion of large number of activated neutrophils.

Enhanced secretion of immunoglobulins.

Formation of bactericide environment:Secretion of antimicrobial proteins and free radicals formation.

Drastic reduction in lactose and citrate concentration: elimination of food for bacteria.

Treatment procedures

Repeat the treatment twice over two days.

Don’t milk between treatments.

After the last treatment the gland is not milked until the next lactation.

Evacuate the treated gland and infuse the drug into the cistern.

Histology of gland treated with casein hydrolyzate (CNH) vs. non-treated gland

Control GlandTreated Gland

CNH in Goats: Precipitous drying of milk secretion only in the treated gland

Silanikove et al, Life Sci., 2002

SCC (×1000) before treatment and 15 to 60 days after treatment in 45 cows

Note: SCC-PRE denotes pre-treatment somatic cell counts; SCC-POST denotes post-treatment somatic cell count. Pooled across herds (n=10) and period, 2001-2003.

Somatic Cell Counts

Pathogens Number SCC - PREAverage

SCC - POSTAverage

Staphylococcus aureus 5 1,235.2 147.4

All Streptococcus 17 3,357.4 262.3

Escherichia coli 7 1,781.2 275.4Arcanobacterium pyogenes 10 1,465.1 145.6

Others 6 3,283.5 226.7

All:Average SCC 2,210.2 205.0Standard deviation 2,374.3 170.2

SCC (×1000) frequencies after treatment with CNH

Stage 0 – 200 201 – 400 >401

Clinical 22% 8% 0

Subclinical 40 % 22% 8%

Total 62% 30% 8%

SCC (×1000) frequencies after treatment with CNH in the

following lactation

Reminder : pretreatment average SCC was 2,210.2

100 25.9%

101 - 200 33.3%

201 - 400 25.9%

401 14.8%

Bacterial cure in cows treated with CNH

433Total

08Others

010 pyogenesA .

14E. coli

26All Streptococcus

15S. aureus

Detected microorganism after

treatment

Detected microorganism before

treatment

Cure rate of 88.87 %P > .05

Dry period and new infections

"For every 5 kg increase in milk yield at dry-off above 12.5 kg, the odds of a cow having an environmental intramammary infection at calving increased at least by 77%".

Rajala-Schultz et al.; J Dairy Sci 2005; 88; 577-9

The risk of new intramammary infections might be reduced if milk production decreased prior to dry off, the udder involuted rapidly, and the teat canal closed in a timely manner".

R.T. Dingwell et al. 2001; National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceedings, pp. 69-79; NMC, Verona, Wisconsin

Dry period: Treatment procedures

Treat all glands with or without antibiotics

Evacuate the treated gland and infuse the drug into the cistern.

Experimental structure: animals (number and types), treatments, and periods

Period Time Animals Number

Treatment

1 Aug. 04 - Aug. 05 heifers 74 None

cows 111 Naf. DC

2 Sep. 05 - June 06 heifers 56 None

cows 98 Naf. DC + CNH

control cows 17 Naf. DC

3 July 06 - April 07 heifers 48 None

cows 89 Naf. DC

Bacterial status (infected, noninfected, chronic, clinic and cured) in period 2 (following Nafpenzal DC+ CNH at DCT) and period 3 (following Nafpenzal DC)

Period 2 Period 3 P [χ2]

Before drying off

Cow/glands 92/368 83/332

Uninfected 326/368 (88.6) 274/332 (82.5)

Infected 42/368 (11.4) 58/332 (17.5)

Postpartum Uninfected1 312/326 (95.7) 259/274 (94.5) NS

Chronic2 14/326 (4.3) 15/274 (5.5)

clinic3 28/326 (8.6 20/274 (7.3)

Cured4 31/42 (73.8) 30/58 (51.7) 0.025

Not Cured 5 11/42 (26.2) 28/58 (48.3)

1 Uninfected quarter before drying off and uninfected at parturition. 2 New Infection, chronic – Infection was detected during parturition and in the first 100 days in the new lactation: The same udders were uninfected before drying off.3 New Infection, clinical – Infection was detected during the first month after parturition and remained for the first 100 days in the new lactation: The same udders were uninfected before drying off.4Cure – Bacteria detected in the month preceding dry off was not detected in the same udder during the first 100 days of lactation5 Not Cured – The reciprocal of cured: Bacteria detected in given udders in the month preceding dry off was also detected in the same udder during the first 100 days of the subsequent lactation.

1 2 34000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Milk

yie

ld d

uri

ng

firs

t 5 m

on

ths

of

lact

atio

n (

kg)

Period

+9.9% +6.3%

+2.0%/year

+2.0%/year

1 2 34000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Milk

yie

ld d

uri

ng

firs

t 5 m

on

ths

of

lact

atio

n (

kg)

Period

+9.9% +6.3%

+2.0%/year

+2.0%/year

0 50 100 150 200 250 30010

20

30

40

50

60

70 Lactation: First (14,773 L) Second (10,614 L) Third (after treatment)

Milk

yie

ld (

L)

Days in milk

Cow 2425

0 50 100 150 200 250 30010

20

30

40

50

60

70

Milk

yie

ld (

L)

Days in milk

Lactation: First (12,460 L) Second (10,639 L) Third (12,106 L) Forth (after treatment)

Cow 2331

Conclusions

CNH is effective as a dry period treatment: eradicates existing infections, prevents new infections and lowers SCC.

CNH gained high rate of bacterial cure, with secretion of milk with low SCC during the next lactation cycle.

CNH improve dramatically milk hygiene immediately, without the need to discard milk from the uninfected gland.

CNH is effective where no alternative treatments exist.

CNH increases milk yield similar to growth hormone .

CNH has the potential to shortens the length of the dry period without adversely affecting milk yield in the subsequent lactation .

.