DRUGS,THE BIG PICTURE

WHAT ARE THEY CALLED ?

HOW ARE THEY TAKEN ?

HOW DO THEY AFFECT THE BODY ?

WHO TAKES THEM AND WHY ?

DRUGSLearning Objectives

1.State different drugs which athletes use to enhance their performance

2.Explain the effects of drugs on the body and performance

Smoking, good or bad?

Socially Acceptable DrugsSmoking

• NicotineA poisonAddictiveIncreases heart rate and blood pressureCauses heart disease

• TarTreacly, brown substance that collects in the lungsClogs the lungs and stops you breathing properlyIt fills the alveoli reducing lung volume meaning you tire quickerCauses bronchitis and lung cancer

• Carbon MonoxideA poisonous gas in the smokeRed blood cells pick it up instead of oxygen meaning less oxygen reaches the muscles

In UK 111000 people (approx) die from diseases caused by smoking and 2000 have legsamputated

What’s in a Cigarette

• Ammonia– Gas found in floor cleaner and fertilizer

• DDT– An insecticide

• Phenol– Toilet Cleaner

• Cadmium– Found in car batteries

• Arsenic– A neuron inhibiting poison

What’s in a cigarette

• Naphthalene– Found in explosive

• Carbon Monoxide– Up to 15% of this gas may be found in a

smokers blood replacing oxygen.• Tar

– Carcinogenetic deposits' in lungs• Nicotine

– Makes cigarettes addictive

Cigarettes can also contain

• Chocolate– Used as a flavouring in the butts

• Vanilla– Give a smoother cooler taste

In the UK around In the UK around people a people a year die from diseases caused by year die from diseases caused by smoking.smoking.

In the UK around 110,000 people a year die from diseases caused by smoking.

Sensible drinking for men is thought to be units per week

Sensible drinking for men is thought to be <21 units per week

% of boys age 14-15 years smoke regularly in the UK18 % of boys age 14-15 years smoke regularly in the UK

In the UK each year, people have limbs amputated as a result of smoking

In the UK each year, 2000 people have limbs amputated as a result of smoking

• There is no safe level of smoking. Every cigarette is dangerous. This is what you get when you inhale cigarette smoke…

How Smoking Affects Sporting PerformanceHow Smoking Affects Sporting Performance

- Reduced Lung Efficiency- Reduced Lung Efficiency

Bronchial hairs are damaged & dust clogs the lungs affecting their lung efficiency.

- Reduced Oxygen Carrying Ability- Reduced Oxygen Carrying Ability

Carbon monoxide gets into the lungs & into the blood. This reduces the amount of oxygen carried in the blood, affecting performance particularly in endurance events.

- Reduced Fitness Levels- Reduced Fitness Levels

Fitness levels are reduced because of the damage to the circulatory & respiratory systems.

- Lowered Resistance to Illness- Lowered Resistance to Illness

Chest infections, & colds are caught more often. These will affect a persons training & ability to compete effectively.

- Raised Blood Pressure – - Raised Blood Pressure –

Nicotine releases hormones which increases heart rate, & cause the heart to work harder.

Raises Heart Rate, blood pressureRaises Heart Rate, blood pressure Carbon monoxide reduces oxygen carrying capacityCarbon monoxide reduces oxygen carrying capacity Development of cholesterol deposits on the artery walls.Development of cholesterol deposits on the artery walls.

Lung Cancer and Coronary Heart DiseaseLung Cancer and Coronary Heart Disease Shortness of breath + chronic smoker's coughShortness of breath + chronic smoker's cough

During Exercise, Smokers :During Exercise, Smokers :

• Are more easily exhausted

• Suffer shortness of breath

• Have reduced endurance

• Are slower too react

• Have poorer visual judgement

• Peer pressure• Boredom• Social• Stress• Image• Enjoys with a drink• Maybe possibly due to the fact their parents

smoked• arousal

Why do people smoke?

• Peer pressure• People around you smoke• Routine• Lack of will power• Habit• Chemical addiction • Fear of gaining weight• Think it is too late• Loss of personal time

Why is it hard to give up?

ALCOHOL

A depressant drug; slows down the brain

AlcoholAlcohol

• Alcohol is a legal & commonly available drug.

• Can become addictive

• Alcohol needs no digesting & passes straight into the bloodstream.

• Alcohol is also a depressant, can affect a persons judgement, self-control & co-ordination.

Socially Acceptable Drugs

Alcohol

All alcoholic drinks contain ethanol which makes people

drunk

Affects co-ordination, judgement, balance, speech and

hearing

Can make people aggressive

Causes blood vessels to dilate so body heat is lost

Lowers glycogen levels in your muscles

Long term abuse leads to kidney and liver damage

Banned in sports such as motor sports, archery, shooting

Alcohol

• Alcohol effects all cells in the body, where ever the blood goes alcohol.

• Alcohol (ethyl alcohol, ethanol) is a drug, but technically it can also be classified as a nutrient because it provides energy, about 7 kcal per gram.

• The effects of alcohol are dependant on the blood alcohol concentration.

Alcohol

• Alcohol may influence both psychological and physiological processes related to physical performance.

• Psychologically, alcohol may benefit performance by increasing self-confidence, decreasing sensitivity to pain, or removing psychological barriers to performance.

• However, the most prevalent use of alcohol in sports competition is related to its ability to reduce excess anxiety.

Alcohol• Alcohol has been shown to inhibit

performance in tests of strength, speed and endurance.

• In professional sport the consumption of alcohol is usually banned 48hrs pre performance.

• Effects hydration levels and sleep patterns.

• Alcohol should be avoided post performance and training as it can impair recovery rates.

• ½ pint of regular beer / lager

• 1 small glass of wine

• 1 pub measure of spirits

Each of these contains one unit of alcohol

• It affects the coordination, judgement, balance, speech and hearing.

• It lowers the level of glycogen in muscles. So they can’t work so long and hard.

• HANGOVER – partly de-hydration.• Athletes lose the drive to compete and train. Long term alcohol abuse = kidney and liver damage.

Effects of alcohol on the body

Effects of Alcohol on Sporting PerformanceEffects of Alcohol on Sporting Performance

- Reduced co-ordination, Slower Reaction Time & - Reduced co-ordination, Slower Reaction Time & Poorer BalancePoorer Balance

These changes affect our movement & skills.

- Dehydration- Dehydration

Alcohol increases urine production & leads to water loss. Dehydration seriously affects performance during endurance events.

- Rapid Heat Loss- Rapid Heat Loss

Blood vessels in the skin open up, & heat is lost quickly, reducing body temperature.

- Longer Injury Recovery Time- Longer Injury Recovery Time

Alcohol reduces the amount of blood flowing in an injured area.

- - Reduced Size of ArteriesReduced Size of Arteries

Less blood can flow in arteries, leading to a raised pulse & higher blood pressure.

- Vomiting, Liver & Kidney - Vomiting, Liver & Kidney Damage, Weight Gain, Damage, Weight Gain, Aggression, Brain Damage, Aggression, Brain Damage, Depression & Stomach disordersDepression & Stomach disorders

Effect of Alcohol Example of how performance is affected

Impairs concentration

Slows reflexes

Impairs reaction time

Reduces co-ordination

Loss of balance

Increased weight

• Friends

• Overcome shyness – be more confident

• Boredom

• Relax/unwind

• Socialise

• Celebrate

• Taste

Why do people drink?

(2007)

Match the components to the damage they cause

Cause addiction to smoking cigarettes

May cause lung cancer

Is carried instead of oxygen in red blood cells

Carbon monoxide

Nicotine

Tar