Drug Unit

Unit 7 in Book

Pg. 436

Legal Drug Abusep.404 & 407

OTC ( Nonprescription Drugs)- Relieve signs and symptoms of illness.No prescription needed. OTC drugs are safe if used correctly. OTC drugs can be overused

Both OTC & prescription drugs are given two names: generic

brand names Both of these have active & inactive ingredients.

Examples

Pain Relievers- relieves fever, pain and inflammation.

1. Aspirin- can irritate stomach.

2. Tylenol (Acetaminophen)

3. Advil (Ibuprofen)- can irritate stomach.

Reye’s Syndrome

Caused by the use of aspirin. A rare but often fatal disease. The victims of this disease are often

children under the age of 15.

Brand vs. Genericp.406

Generic must have same active ingredients as brand name, but has different inactive ingredients.

active- ingredients used to relieve symptoms and cure illness.

inactive- ingredients put in to add flavor or coloring, no medicinal purposes.

Prescription Drugsp.406

Taking prescription medication safely requires that you understand the diagnosis, know what the medicine is being prescribed for, and follow the instructions.

Follow recommended guidelines for use, storage, disposal, and replacement of medicines.

Require a written medical order.

Factors that Change Medicines’ Effects

The drug itself Form in which you take the drug

(pill, capsule, liquid, spray,cream) Route in which the drug is taken Did you take it with food Age Weight Use of other drugs

Ways Drugs are Taken p.405

Orally Most common way Absorbed through stomach and small intestine into

bloodstream Injected

Using needle, immediate results Goes directly under skin into muscle or blood vessel

Intramuscular Injected into muscle

Intravenous Injected into vein

Inhaled Quick effect, enter blood stream through lungs

Sniffed Snorted- sniffing drugs through nose absorbed through

mucous membranes of nasal passages Can cause damage to nasal passages

Absorbed Enters blood stream through skin or mucous membrane

Implanted Placed under the skin where they are released into the

bloodstream

Drug Testing & Safety

- Companies must prove that ingredients in medicines are safe and effective before the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows them to sell their product.

- Scientists study the risks of each drug compared with the benefits.

- Drugs that carry low risks to health in comparison to their benefits are more desirable in the treatment of disease.

TermsDrug- any chemical substance that alters any

body system.Drug Use- taking appropriate amounts of a drug

for its intended medical purpose.Drug Misuse- taking a legal drug for their

intended purpose, but not correctly.- Using another persons prescribed medication.

Drug Abuse- taking legal drugs for reasons other than those intended or using controlled substances illegally.

- Intentional use of a drug without medical or health reasons.

FDA- Food & Drug Administration, federal government agency that monitors the safety and effectiveness of drugs (Supplements do NOT need FDA approval).

Medicine- drugs that help cure, lessen severity, relieve symptoms, to prevent disease.

Placebo- “sugar pill” psychological

Drug Abuse

Controlled Drug (Substance)- a drug whose possession, manufacture, distribution, and sale are controlled by law.

Risk Factor- something that increases the likelihood of a negative outcome.

Protective Factor- something that increases the likelihood of a positive outcome.

Dosage

Dose- amount taken at one time.

1. Therapeutic- desired results

2. Toxic- poisonous, causes harm

3. Lethal- results in death

4. Overdose- the act of taking a toxic or

lethal dose.

*Different forms: pill, capsule, liquid, spray, cream, etc.

Drug Interactions

Antagonistic- reduces/blocks effect

Synergistic- multiplies the effects of the drug- when the combination of the drugs

is greater then the sum of the two drugs taken alone.

Addictionp. 458

Physical- the body’s chemistry actually changes, the body must actually have

the drug to be able to function on a normal level.

- Physical drug addiction always has a psychological effect and a strong mental craving.

Psychological- can occur without a physical addiction. - People who never learned to cope with emotional pain often

develop psychological addictions to drugs.- Strong desire or craving to continue using a drug for emotional

reasons (a love for the drug)

Drug Schedules

Refer to Handout

Drug Classificationsp.436-449

Narcotics Stimulants Depressant/ Sedative Hallucinogens/Psychedelics Marijuana Inhalants Anabolic Steroids

Marijuana

Amotivational Syndrome

Remains in the body for long periods of time, requires less of it over time to get a high

(THC can remain up to 30 days)

Examples

Hashish (concentrated resin of marijuana)

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Narcotics

Reduce pain Slow down central nervous system

Examples Heroin- commonly injected, white color, severe

physical dependence. Oxycontin Morphine- most powerful legal pain reliever Codeine- found in prescription cough med’s

Inhalants

Can cause mental confusion, severe brain damage, possible liver, kidney, bone marrow damage, death.

Categories Solvents

Aerosol, gasoline, glue, paint thinner Propellants

Nitrous oxide (whippets) Substances intended for medical use

Inhalers

Bagging (chemicals sprayed in a bag) Huffing (soaked rag)

Hallucinogens / Psychedelics

One time use can negatively change mind forever

Flashbacks- sudden hallucination long after having used a

hallucinogen Examples

PCP (found to cause bizarre behavior, suicides, violent acts) LSD ( can be swallowed, sniffed or placed on the tongue to

dissolve) Psilocybin (mushrooms) Ketamine (date rape drug, a.k.a. Special K) Ectasy (acts like a stimulant, common at rave parties)

Depressant / Sedative

Slows down the central nervous system Examples

Barbiturates (sudden withdrawal can cause death)

Benzodiazapines Tranquilizers (Valium) GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutate) a.k.a. Liquid E

Date rape drug

Stimulants

Speeds up the central nervous system Disguise fatigue Relieve drowsiness Treat hyperactive children

Examples Amphetamines (Speed) Methamphetamines (Crystal meth) Ritalin Caffeine (active drug in OTC diet pills, ephedra banned)

Anabolic Steroids

Cause sterility and baldness in males Increased aggressiveness Liver damage Permanent masculinization of the

female Premature ossification in teens

Drug Dependency p.458

Continued use of a drug even though it harms the body, mind, and relationships.

Symptoms:

Withdraw Symptoms: Unpleasant reactions when a person who is

physically dependent no longer takes drug. Includes: chills, fever, muscle twitching,

nausea, cramps, vomiting

Why do People Abuse Drugs?

** People’s natures affect whether they abuse drugs.

Why Addictions Occur

A. The Nature of the Person

- physical/genetic nature

- curiosity

-peer pressure

-self-esteem

B. The Nature of the Drug

-Euphoria- a sense of great well-being & pleasure brought on by the drug.

C. The Consequences from Society- a society or family that tolerates abuse actually encourages it.

**The only sure way to escape drug addiction is to never experiment with drugs!

Risk Factors that increase a teen’s risk of drug abuse p. 454

- Unable to develop long term goals- Want attention- Friends who use

Protective Factors that Reduce the Risk of Drug Use

P. 456-457

Warning Signs of Drug Usep. 455

Patterns of Use

Experimental

- curiosity

-social events

-often not repeated

Occasional

-social use

-low risk

Situational/Recreational- certain activities-used for coping-high risk * recreational is a term made up by drug abusers who claim their

drug abuse is not harmful to their health

Intense-high doses over time-habit forming-dependence developing

Compulsive

- out of control

-dependence

-interferes with family, work, etc.

Peer Pressure & Resistancep.462

Drug Use & STD’sp.471& 472

Needles Rape Prostitution Unplanned Pregnancy Abstinence

Marijuana

THC

Amotivational Syndrome

Narcotics

Heroin

Inhalants

Bagging

Huffing

Anabolic Steroids

GHB

(a.k.a. Liquid E)

Depressant/ Sedative

Barbiturates

Stimulants

Ritalin

Caffeine

Hallucinogens

Flashback

LSD (acid)

PCP

Ecstasy (MDMA)

Ketamine

(a.k.a. Special K)

Euphoria