Drug Unit Bellringer Chris is very excited for the weekend to begin. The new sequel to his favorite...

Drug Unit

Bellringer Chris is very excited for the weekend to begin. The new sequel to his favorite video game is being released today. As he walks down the block toward the video game store, he hears someone call his name. His new friend, Eric, is hanging out in the alley with some students from school that Chris has heard are into drugs. You want to try something new? asks Eric. Chris isnt sure what to say. He likes Eric, but he doesn't want to get pressured into doing drugs. Write a paragraph that describes three ways Chris could avoid getting involved with drugs in this situation.

Substance Abuse Substance abuse includes the use of illegal substances, as well as the misuse of legal substances. Medicines cure and prevent disease. Sometimes medicines are accidentally used in an improper way. At other times, medicines are intentionally abused. Substance abuse is any medical unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for non-medical purposes. It includes the overuse, or multiple use of a drug, use of an illegal drug or use of a drug with alcohol.

Substance Abuse Some abused substances are illegal drug use, chemical substances that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy or sell. Using illegal drugs is a crime called illicit drug use, the use or sale of any substance that is illegal or otherwise not permitted. This includes the sale of prescription drugs to those for whom the drugs are not intended.

DEFINITIONS A drug is a chemical substance that has a direct effect on the body. Drug abuse Taking drugs in ways not medically intended. Drug use- Use of a legal drug. Dependence- A state arising from the repeated administration of a drug, in which the body relies on the effect produced by the drug. Physical Dependence- The need to use a drug to prevent withdrawal symptoms. Addiction. Another serious consequence is addiction, a physiological or psychological dependence on a drug. An addict is someone who requires persist compulsive use of a substance known by the user to be harmful.

DEFINITIONS Psychological Dependence- Condition in which user relies on a drug for a sense of well-being. Tolerance- The bodys adjustment to the effects of a drug; results in the need for increased dosages to achieve the same effects. Withdrawal- physical and psychological symptoms that occur when users dependent on a drug stop taking it. Rehabilitation- is the process of medical and psychological treatment for physiological or psychological dependence on drug or alcohol. Overdose- a strong, sometimes fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a drug. Flashbacks- unwanted recurrences of the drug's effects weeks or months after use.

Why people abuse drugs Boredom Availability Conformity = Peer Pressure Curiosity Rebellion Escape Fun Family members Media messages Perceptions of drug behavior Misleading information A belief that drugs solve personal, social, or medical problems Role models

How Drugs Enter the Bloodstream Swallowed Inhaled Smoked Applied to the skin Injected Snorted

Patterns of Use Experimental Curiosity Social events Often not repeated Occasional Social use Low risk Not integrated Situational/recreational Certain activities Used for coping Intense High does over time Habitual use for coping Dependence developing Compulsive Out of control Dependence Interferes with family and work

Drugs take a Heavy Toll In addition to the physical risks to a persons health, substance abuse can damage all aspects of your life. Consequences for the individual. Teens who use illegal drugs may stop pursuing their interests and goals. Taking drugs lower inhibitions, engage in sexual behavior which increase the risk of STIs or acting recklessly. Drug use is also the leading factor in teen depression and suicide. Teens who are involved in drug use are more likely to be arrested are involved in crime, increased violence, and accidental death.

Drugs take a Heavy Toll Consequences for Family & Friends Teens who use illegal drugs may lose interest in healthy activities. They may stop spending time with friends who value a drug-free lifestyle. Family member who feel responsible for their loved ones feel the burden of the emotional and financial cost of drug abuse. Consequences for others. unborn baby Consequences for Society. Crime violence, jobs, accidents death, and insurance. Drug abuse costs the U.S. economy $180 billion per year.

Review Sect. 1 1.What is an overdose? 2.What are six ways drugs enter your body? 3.Why might a person choose to try drugs? 4.Why might an addiction to a drug become more expensive as the body develops a tolerance to the drug? 5.Distinguish between substance abuse and illicit drug use. How are these terms similar? How are they different? 6.What is the difference between an experimental user and a compulsive user?

Chapter 12 Section 2

Bellringer List some other common names for marijuana, inhalants, and steroids.

Drug Classifications Narcotics Stimulants Depressants Hallucinogens/ Psychedelics Marijuana Inhalants Anabolic Steroids

Drug Chart Drug Classification Drug Name Slang Name How the drug enters the body Short-term Effects Long-Term Effects Marijuana Inhalants Anabolic Steroids

MARIJUANA

Marijuana is one of the most widely used illegal drugs. Hashish, or hash is a stronger form of marijuana. Marijuana is considered a possible gateway drug, a drug that may lead to the user to try other, more dangerous drugs. All forms of marijuana are mind-altering and can damage the users health. They all contain THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), the main active chemical in marijuana. They also contain more than 400 other chemicals. Marijuana has been found to contain more cancer- causing agents than is found in tobacco.

MARIJUANA Marijuana has some features of both depressants and stimulants. Marijuana is used in some federally funded research studies to treat cancer patients for nausea or experimentally for glaucoma; in these uses, it is classified as a narcotic. THC can be found in the fatty tissue of users and can remain in the body up to a month after use.

MARIJUANA Drug Names: Cannabis Sinsemilla Hashish Hash oil THC

MARIJUANA Slang Name Pot Grass Weed Chronic Reefer Joint Dope Mary Jane Ganga Maui Wowee Roach

MARIJUANA How it enters the bloodstream Marijuana is a plant whose leaves, buds, and flowers are usually smoked for their intoxicating effects. Marijuana may also be included in some foods and eaten to gain its intoxicating effects. Marijuana might also be mixed in food or brewed as a tea. As a more concentrated, resinous form it is called hashish and, as a sticky black liquid, hash oil.

MARIJUANA Short-term Effects: Problems with memory and learning; Distorted perception (sights, sounds, time, touch) Trouble with thinking and problem-solving; Loss of coordination; and Increased heart rate, anxiety. Mood changes Decreased initiative and ambition Bloodshot eyes, dry mouth Weakened immunity Increased appetite Mild euphoria or depression

MARIJUANA Long-Term Effects Increased risk of chronic pulmonary disorders Decrease in testosterone levels for men Chronic bronchitis Lung Cancer Psychological dependence requiring more of the drug to get the same effect

INHALANTS

Some commercially available products produce fumes that can make people high when inhaled. The body develops tolerance to inhalants but no physical dependence. Repeated exposure to solvents can cause serious damage to the body.

INHALANTS Drug Names: glue gasoline rubber cement varnish remover paint thinner lighter fluid nail polish remover spot remover paint correction fluid hair spray spray paint asthma spray ether chloroform Helium dry cleaning fluid

Inhalants Slang Name Snappers Poppers Locker room Rush Laughing gas Whippets Bullet Climax Bolt

INHALANTS How the drug enters the bloodstream Bagging: Sniffing or inhaling fumes that have been sprayed inside a paper or plastic bag Huffing: Absorbing fumes from an inhalant-soaked rag that's stuffed in the mouth Inhaling: gas such as helium or nitrous oxide from a balloon

INHALANTS Short-term effects Glassy stare Slurred speech Impaired judgment Nausea Coughing Nosebleeds Fainting Fatigue Lack of coordination Clumsy Dizzy Euphoria Delusions hallucinations

INHALANTS Long-term Effects: Damage to the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys Blindness Brain damage Paralysis Cardiac arrest Death Poor memory, dementia Extreme mood swings Tremors Seizures

Signs of INHALANT ABUSE A sweetish, chemical smell on the clothes or body Inflammation of the nostrils, frequent nosebleeds, or a rash around the nose and mouth Poor appetite and loss of weight Pale, bluish skin Watery, bloodshot eyes with dilated pupils Slow, slurred speech Clumsy, staggering gait, and drunken appearance.

ANABOLIC STEROIDS

Anabolic-androgenic steroids the class of drugs is androgenic (promoting masculine characteristics- testosterone) anabolic (tissue building) steroids (the class of drugs). Steroid use can result in unnatural muscle growth. When combined with physical conditioning, steroids can increase muscle strength, but the tendons and ligaments do not get stronger which can lead to injury.

ANABOLIC STEROIDS Anabolic steroids are synthetic drugs that can simulate the male hormone testosterone. Doctors occasionally prescribe anabolic steroids in low doses for patients who suffer from cancers and anemias that do not respond to usual treatments, but special attention is given to minimize the side effects.

ANABOLIC STEROIDS Drug Names Oxandrolone Oxymetholone Ethylestrenol Stanozolol Sustanon 250 Clembuterol Anabol

Anabolic Steroids Slang Names HGH Roids Juice D-Ball Gym Candy Arnolds Fakes

STEROIDS How the drug enters the body Anabolic steroids can be taken orally injected intramuscularly rubbed on the skin when in the form of gels or creams. Many steroid users take two or more kinds of steroids at once. Called stacking, this way of taking steroids is supposed to get users bigger faster.

STEROIDS Side effects (males) Acne Baldness Roid Rage Aggressive behavior may suffer from paranoid jealousy, extreme irritability, delusions, and impaired judgment stemming from feelings of invincibility. Gynecomastia- female breasts Kidney, liver, immune Impotence High blood pressure Bloating Heart disease Jaundice Insomnia Shrinking of testes Growth deficits Headaches

STEROIDS Short-Term Effects (FEMALE) Reduced breast size Enlarged clitoris (a very sensitive part of the genitals) Increase in facial and body hair Deepened voice Menstrual problems "Roid rage" - severe, aggressive behavior that may result in violence, such as fighting or destroying property Severe mood swings Hallucinations - seeing or hearing things that are not really there Paranoia - extreme feelings of mistrust and fear Anxiety and panic attacks Depression and thoughts of suicide An angry, hostile, or irritable mood Liver, kidney, cardiovascular disease

Long-Term Effects of Steroids for Men and Women Cardiovascular disease (heart attack & stroke) Increases LDL and lowers HDL which increases the risk of atherosclerosis

Review 1.What is the main ingredient found in marijuana? 2.What are inhalants? 3.Why does using steroids for increasing muscle strength often result in injury? 4.What does the term huffing mean? 5.How do the effects of steroids differ in males and females? 6.What does the term roid rage mean?

Psychoactive Drugs Drug Classification Drug name Slang Name How it is taken Short- term Effects Long- Term Effects Stimulants Depressants Opiates/ Narcotics Hallucinogens

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS The central nervous system (CNS) is amazingly complex. Every human activity, from bending a finger to solving complicated problems involves the CNS. Psychoactive drugs, chemicals that affect the central nervous system and alter activity in the brain, change the functioning of the CNS.

STIMULANTS

Stimulants are a class of drugs that elevate mood, increase feelings of well-being, and increase energy and alertness. Stimulants often produce a feeling of euphoria in users. Users are exhausted and often depressed after use. Examples of stimulants include:Cocaine,Crack, Meth, Caffeine, Ritalin,Amphetamines

STIMULANTS Drug Names Caffeine Nicotine Cocaine Amphetamines Khat Ritalin Benzedrine Ephedra Dexedrine Ephedrine Methamphetamine

STIMULANT Slang Names Uppers Speed Meth Crank Bumble bees Nose candy ICE Black beauties Coke Rock Hearts White crosses Crystal Toot

Stimulants How the drug enters the body Swallowed in pill form "Snorted" in powder form, through the nostrils, where the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream through the nasal tissues Injected, using a needle and syringe, to release the drug directly into a vein Heated in crystal form and smoked (inhaled into the lungs).

STIMULANTS Short-term Effects Talkativeness and sociability. Extreme mental alertness. Nervousness and jumpiness. Anxiety, especially about being caught using. Irritability. Paranoia. Diminished decision-making ability. Insomnia. Tremors and dizziness. Muscle twitches and spasms. Violent behavior. Dry mouth. Constricted blood vessels. Dilated pupils. Decreased appetite. Abdominal pain and nausea. Blurred vision. Fever. Increased heart rate and blood pressure. Lost self-control. Heavy sweating Performing repetitive, meaningless tasks

STIMULANTS Long-Term Effects Gangrene (rot) of bowels and other body parts from lack of blood flow. Irritability and mood disturbances. Auditory hallucinations (imaginary sounds that seem real.) Formication - The sensation that insects are crawling under the skin. Headaches. Convulsions. Seizures. Coma. Heart Disease, Altered heart rhythm, Chest pain. Very high or very low blood pressure Heart attack Tooth decay Brain damage similar to Alzheimers disease or Parkinsons disease Death Auditory hallucinations and delusions Burns in mouth and on hands from smoking. "Tracks" - puncture marks on arms or wherever injections are made. Infections and sores associated with injection tracks. Incontinence (inability to control urination and/or bowel movements.) Brain infections - both bacterial and fungal, sometimes leading to abscesses. Weight loss and malnourishment due to decreased appetite for food. Confusion, paranoia, Lung disease Kidney damage Liver damage Seizures, convulsions

Stimulants Cocaine Cocaine is a rapidly acting powerful and highly addictive stimulant. Cocaine is a white powder extracted from the leaves of the coca plant. It is widely cultivated in Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Columbia, currently the source of some 80 percent of the world's cocaine. Cocaine is the world's most powerful naturally occurring stimulant. Crack is a dangerous form of cocaine, also called rock or freebase rock. Crack reaches the brain in 10 seconds after being smoked or injected.

Stimulants Methamphetamine Meth is a white, odorless powder that easily dissolves in alcohol or water. In addition, methamphetamine is more widely available, at lower prices, than most other illicit drugs. Unlike cocaine or heroin, methamphetamine can be purchased easily in small towns and large all across the United States, especially in the West and Midwest. Plus, it costs about 1/4 as much as cocaine and its high lasts 12-20 times as long. People who use meth can stay up for days without thinking they need sleep

Stimulants Meth

Depressants

DEPRESSANTS Depressants, or sedatives lower inhibitions by depressing the central nervous system. They can induce sleep and slow down most body functions, such as breathing, muscular coordination, speech, movement and manual dexterity. All depressants are physically addictive. Withdrawal can be extremely difficult and even life threatening if not supervised by medical experts. The use of alcohol and barbiturates together causes more deaths than any other combination of drugs.

DEPRESSANTS Drug Names: Alcohol Barbiturates (Seconal, Nembutal, Phenobarbital) Tranquilizers (Valium, Librium, Xanax) Quaalude Rohypnol roofies GHB

DEPRESSANTS Slang Names Yellow Jackets Reds Blues Purple hearts Ludes Barbs R2 Roofies Downers Booze Qs Phennies Rainbow Blue Heaven Georgia Home Boy Liquid ecstasy Roach

Depressants How drug enters the body Injected Swallowed

DEPRESSANTS Short-term Effects Slowed breathing Poor coordination Slower reactions Slurred speech Blurred vision Dizziness Drowsiness Poor thought process Loss of consciousness Loss of reflexes

Depressants Long-Term Effects Unconsciousness up to four hours Seizures Coma Death Amnesia Depression addiction

Depressants Date Rape drugs Rohypnol, or roofies, are depressants that are colorless, odorless, and tasteless. It is a surgical anesthetic or sleeping pill used legally by doctors around the world. It is about 10 times more potent than most common prescription sleeping pills. Rohypnol is illegal in the U.S. and Canada, but is smuggled in from other countries. Because victims are likely to suffer amnesia, it is often impossible for the victim to tell the details of a rape or assault. Victims are often aware that they have been sexually assaulted, but they can't explain how it happened. The newer version of Rohypnol will turn blue when it is put in a drink, and it will take longer to dissolve.

Depressants Date Rape drugs GHB is another CNS depressant. It is available as a clear liquid, a white powder, and in a variety of tablets and capsules Effects kick in about after 10 minutes, and last about 4 hours.

Opiates/Narcotics

OPIATES/NARCOTICS Opiates or narcotics, are drugs such as those derived from the opium plant that are obtainable only by prescription and are used to relieve pain. They depress or slow down the central nervous system. They provide pain relief without loss of consciousness. Narcotics have a high potential for physical addiction.

NARCOTICS Drug Names: Opium Morphine Codeine Heroin Percocet Demerol Fentanyl

Narcotic Slang Names Junk Smack Downers Barbs Horse Mud Hillbilly Heroin Oxy 80s M Scag Black Tar Brown sugar Miss Emma School boy Percs

Narcotics/Opiates How the drug enters the body Injected Swallowed Snorted smoked

Narcotics/Opiates Short-term Effects One-to-two minute "rush." Warm flushing of the skin. Dry mouth. Heavy feeling in arms and legs. Nausea. Vomiting. Severe itching. Drowsiness and confusion for up to six hours. Slowed heart rate. Slowed breathing rate. hallucinations

Narcotics/Opiates Long-term Effects Addiction Coma Death Tolerance dependency AIDS Endocarditis hepatitis from contaminated syringes

Hallucinogens

HALLUCINOGENS Hallucinogens are drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and sense perceptions, including vision, hearing, smell, and touch. Some cause short-term euphoria, a feeling of intense well- being or elation. Unlike stimulants and depressants, which have many well-researched counterparts, most hallucinogens, or psychedelics, are manufactured or grown illegally. Extended scientific testing has not been done on these drugs. Although some users do not hallucinate, others report seeing music or smelling a sound.

HALLUCINOGENS Drug Names: LSD PCP MDMA (ecstasy) Mushrooms Ketamine DXM (tussin) Peyote (mescaline)

HALLUCINOGENS Slang Names Angel dust PCP Acid LSD Purple haze White lightning Love Drug Disco biscuits Super grass Hog Buttons microdot Special K Adam Shrooms XTC Hug Sunshine Magic mushrooms

Hallucinogens How the drug enters the body Snorted Smoked Swallowed Put on the tongue to dissolve injected

HALLUCINOGENS Short-term Effects unconsciousness hallucinations amnesia agitation violence confusion difficulty hearing understanding or speaking Distorted sense of time Poisoning (shrooms) Delusions Illusions Flashbacks numbness Tremors Loss of appetite Panic Nausea Inability to feel pain

HALLUCINOGENS Long-Term Effects: Flashbacks Coma Death Memory loss Difficulty speaking Impaired thinking ability Depression Unwanted weight loss Mood disorder Psychological dependence Anxiety

Drug Use and Pregnancy Many drugs are toxic to the fetus, especially in early pregnancy. Even common drugs such as aspirin, antibiotics, and birth control pill can affect the fetus.

Drug Use and Pregnancy Women who use drugs during pregnancy can cause the following: miscarriage still birth Premature birth Low birth weight hyperactivity Addiction and withdrawal symptoms Learning disabilities Deformities Mental retardation

Drug Abuse Affects the Individual Many drug users would like to think the consequences of drug use wont affect them. Drug use can lead to: Car accidents Accidental injury or death Violence & other criminal activity Unplanned pregnancy Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Drug abuse and crime Making or selling drugs Addiction is expensive so they steal or sell drugs to ge money to buy drugs 2/3-3/4 of people arrested for violent crimes were on drugs when their crimes were committed. 83

Drug Abuse Affects the Family Affects trust Warning signs of a user Unusual emotional reactions to situations Withdraws from family activities Repeatedly breaks household or school rules Hangs out with different friends Starts to dress differently 84

Drug abuse & Violence 25-50% of all family violence is drug related. 75% of female victims of domestic violence are attacked by someone who was high or drunk. 85

Drug Abuse and Pregnancy Drugs dangerous to mother and unborn child Premature birth Low birth rate Variety of developmental problems Newborn could be physically dependent on that drug Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: drug withdrawal that occurs in newborn infants whose mothers were frequent drug users during pregnancy 86

Drug Abuse Affects Society Statistics: 1962: 4 million Americans had tried an illegal drug 2002: 90 million Americans have tried an illegal drug Drug Abuse & Economics Economic costs: $181 billion in 2002 Loss of productivity at work Accidental injuries Car crashes Suicide Overdose Healthcare costs: $16 billion in 2002 87

Drug Abuse and Crime Statistic: 2002: Cost of drug-related crime was $108 billion 2002: Money that all 50 states spent on state-supported colleges: $108 billion 1983: Ratio 1-11 prisoners were jailed for drug related crime. 2002: 1-4 prisoners were jailed for drug related crime. 88

Drug Abuse Affects Everyone Physical, mental, emotional injuries from drug-related domestic violence. Health problems in babies born to mothers who abused drugs. Injury resulting from drug-related car accidents. Loss of job productivity resulting from drug use. Diseases caused by drug abuse. 89

Treatment for Drug Addiction Recovering: the process of learning to live without drugs. Need support 12-step programs Outpatient counseling Residential communities 90

Principles That Describe Effective Drug Abuse Treatment No single treatment works for everyone Should be available & easy to access Addresses other problems that the abuser has, not just the addiction. The longer the abuser stays in treatment, the more effective it is. Group therapy is useful Medications can be an important part in the treatment.

Treatment continued Mental illness should be treated with the addiction. Intervention: Confronting a drug user about the abuse problem to stop him/her from using drugs. Monitor for continued drug use. Treatment programs for HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B & C Watch for relapse: Return to using drugs while trying to recover.

Saying No to Drugs Practice saying NO Be firm, calm, and confident Buy yourself time: find a place where you can be alone & think about what you can do to get out of the situation, (i.e. go to the bathroom) Give good reasons why you choose not to do drugs 93

Saying No continued State the consequences..I dont want to get arrested like Mary. Suggest an alternate activity. Walk away Live Drug Free MADD SADD These organizations provide a safe place to have fun without having to face the pressure of using drugs.

Activities for Drug Unit Choose a partner or work alone. 12 verse rap or poem Editorial pertaining to drugs 10 Question Interview Article in the Newspaper pertaining to drugs What is expected: Rap, poem, editorial, interview, or newspaper article given to teacher before you present to the class

Rap Decide how you want to present the rap. Speak loudly enough and clearly enough for the class to hear. May play music with your rap, no profane words

Editorial What is the main idea of the editorial? What drugs are mentioned in the editorial? Who is involved? What were the consequences of being involved with drugs? When did the incident in the editorial happen? Where did the incident happen?

Interview From the perspective of: Examples: Pregnant mother on drugs Police officer to drug offender Teenager to teenager Parent/adult to teenager Someone who does drugs/someone who has never done drugs

Newspaper Article What is the main idea of the article? What drugs are mentioned in the article? Who is involved? What were the consequences of being involved with drugs? When did the incident in the article happen? Where did the incident happen?

Drug Unit Bellringer Chris is very excited for the weekend to begin. The new sequel to his favorite...

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Transcript of Drug Unit Bellringer Chris is very excited for the weekend to begin. The new sequel to his favorite...