Drug Study on Antiviral Drugs

8/8/2019 Drug Study on Antiviral Drugs

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Indications:Acute herpes zoster infection (shingles).Recurrent genital herpes.

Suppression of genital herpes.Recurrent mucocutaneous herpes simplex infections inHIV infected patients.

Classification:

Antiviral



D osage:

Adults:- 500mg P.O. q8 hours for 7 days.

Adjust a dose:- For patients with creatinine clearance of 40-

59ml/minute, give 500mg P.O. q12 hours; if clearanceis 20-39ml/minute, give 500mg P.O. q24 hours; and if it is less than 20ml/minute, give 250mg P.O. q24 hours.For hemodialysis patients, give 250mg P.O. after eachhemodialysis session.



Action:A guanosine nucleoside that is converted to

penciclovir, which enters viral cells and inhibits D NA polymerase and viral D NA synthesis.

Adverse Reactions:CNS: headache, fatigue, fever, dizziness, paresthesia,somnolence.EENT: pharyngitis, sinusitis.GI: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, constipation, anorexia,abdominal pain.

Musculoskeletal: back pain, arthralgia.Skin: pruritus.



Contraindications:

Contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to drug.Use cautiously in patients with renal or hepaticimpairment.

Nursing Considerations:D

rug may be taken without regard to meals.D osage adjustment may be needed in patients withrenal or hepatic impairment.Monitor renal and liver function tests in these patients.



VALACYCLOVIR(VALTREX)Indications:

Herpes zoster infection (shingles).First episode of genital herpes.

Recurrent genital herpes in immunocompetent patients.L ong- term suppression of recurrent genital herpes.Cold sores (herpes labialis).L ong- term suppression of recurrent genital herpes inHIV- infected patients with C D 4 cell count of 100cells/mm3 or more.

Classification:Antiviral



D osage:

Adults:- 1g P.O. t.i.d. for 7 days.

Adjust a dose:- For patients with creatinine clearance of 30-

49ml/minute, give 1g P.O. q12 hours; if clearance 10-29ml/minute, give 1g P.O. q24 hours; if clearance isless than 10ml/minute, give 500mg P.O. q24 hours.



Action:

Rapidly converts to acyclovir, which in turn becomesincorporated into viral D NA, thereby terminatinggrowth of the D NA chain; inhibits viral D NA

polymerase, causing inhibition of viral replication.Adverse Reactions:

CNS: headache, dizziness, depression.GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain.GU: dysmenorrhea.Musculoskeletal: arthralgia.



Contraindications:

Contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to or intolerant of valacyclovir, acyclovir, or components of the formulation.Alert: Valacyclovir isn¶t recommended for use in

patients with HIV infection or in bone marrow or renaltransplant recipients because of the occurrence of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolyticuremic syndrome in these patients at doses of 8g/day.Use cautiously in elderly patients, those with renal

impairment, and those receiving other nephrotoxicdrugs. Monitor renal function test results.



Nursing Considerations:L

ook alike-sound alike:D

on¶t confuse valacyclovir (valtrex) with valganciclovir (valcyte).Although there are no reports of overdose,

precipitation of acyclovir in renal tubules may occur when solubility (2.5mg/ml) is exceeded in theintratubular fluid. With acute renal failure and anuria,the patient may benefit from hemodialysis until renalfunction is restored.

Drug Study on Antiviral Drugs

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