Drug classification

• Drug Nomenclature

A nomenclature : is a classified system of names.

The same drug has at least 3 different names:1. a chemical name: identifies the actual chemical structure but it is often complex and is seldom to be used.e.7-chloro 1,3-dihydro 1-methyl 5-phenyl 2H 1,4-benzodiazepin2. a generic name: simpler name derived from the more complex chemical name.diazepam3. a trade name: is given by a specific company. It may not reflect anycharacteristic of the chemical structure of the drug.Valium

• Classification by action• Drugs of similar action

Drugs that relieve pain analgesics.

Prescription drugs موصوفة أدوية

Non Prescription drugs or

Drug families.

Drugs used to treat high blood pressure antihypertensive

Drugs used to fight inflammation anti-inflammatory.

- Legal classification

e.g. antibiotics e.g. vitamins

FDA : U.S. Food and Drug Administration

• Dose forms deals with the absorption.

Tablet

Is a granulated drug that has been compressed into a solid hard disc.

Single dose units may be second to facilitated division into halves or quarters.

Some tablets are coated with a substance that delays the dissolution of the tablet until it is in the small intestine.

These so called enteric coated tablets are used for drugs that might irritate the stomach (such as aspirin) or for drugs destroyed by the acid in the stomach.

• Capsule

A capsule is a dose form in which a powdered or liquid drug is contained in a gelatin shell.

The gelatin shell dissolves in the stomach and release its contents.

• Inhalant

Inhalants are used for their

local effects in the treatment

of asthma or Chronic

Obstructive Pulmonary

Disease (COPD).

After inhalation, high concentration are deposited to the respiratory mucosa and exert action by producing bronchodilaton or reducing inflammation.

Local therapeutic effects are optimized, and systemic side effects are minimized.

Suppository لبوس A suppository is a dose form shaped for insertion into a

body orifice such as the rectum, vagina or urethra.Once inserted, the suppository dissolves and release the

drug.It may have a local or systemic effect.Solution a solution is a dose form in which one or more drugs are

dissolved in a liquid carrier.Rapidly absorbed.Administrated orally or parenterally (injection the drug

with a needle and syringe beneath the surface of the skin.

Suspension A suspension is a dose form in which one or more

drugs in small particles are suspended in a liquid carrier.

Most suspensions are administered orally and should be shaken just before use.

Suspensions should never be administered intravenously.

Transdermal patchis a dose form that permits a drug to be applied on

the skin surface, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream.

The patchlike device containing the drug is applied to the skin with a water resistant covering.

The patch releases the drug gradually over time.

Suspension A suspension is a dose form in which one or more

drugs in small particles are suspended in a liquid carrier.

Most suspensions are administered orally and should be shaken just before use.

Suspensions should never be administered intravenously.

Transdermal patchis a dose form that permits a drug to be applied on

the skin surface, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream.

The patchlike device containing the drug is applied to the skin with a water resistant covering.

The patch releases the drug gradually over time.

Classification of drugs

Actions Indications Precautions

Analgesics

are drugs that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness.

Anesthetics

are drugs that act on CNS to produce a loss of sensation.General anesthetics: muscle relaxation, loss of consciousness.e.g. Diprivan, UltaneLocal anesthetics: block nerve conduction from an area of the body to CNS.e.g. Carbocaine

Antibiotics

are drugs used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Broad spectrum effective large number of microbes e.g. Ciprofloxacin.Narrow spectrum effective against few microbes e.g. erythromycin.Allergic reactions of antibiotics range from mild to severe or even fatal.

Antiarrhythmics

are drugs used to treat arrhythmais, which are any variation from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat.

Anticoagulants

are drugs used to inhibit clotting of the blood or increase the coagulation time.Heparin intramuscular hematoma, orally not absorbed from GIT.

Antifungal

are drugs used to destroy or suppress the growth of fungi.Fungal infections can be divided into 2 major groups; (1) those that affect the skin or mucosa and (2) those that affect the whole body (systemic).

Antiviral

are drugs used to reduce the symptoms associated with chronic inflammatory disorders or for the short term treatment of acute inflammatory conditions.

Corticosteroids

are drugs used to to destroy or suppress the growth of viruses.

Hormones

are drugs used to that affect the endocrine system. E.g. Hypothyrodism.

Antianxiety

Ant diabetic

Antiulcer

Bronchodilators

are drugs used in the treatment of anxiety القلق. They act on the CNS to calm or relax the anxious patient. Relax muscle spasm, and seizures نوبات.

are drugs used in the treatment of Diabetes Millitus. E.g. Insulin

are drugs used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, both gastric and duodenal, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

are drugs used in the treatment of Asthma. These drugs relax bronchial smooth muscles and dilate the respiratory passage.

• In radiology, drugs are often administered to patients, particularly pediatric patients, to sedate them during a lengthy or difficult procedure.

• The sedation levels are:• Minimal sedation: cognitive functions are affected while

ventilation and cardiovascular functions are unaffected. • Moderate sedation: depression of consciousness, ventilation is

adequate and cardiovascular functions are maintained.• Deep sedation: depression of consciousness during which

patients cannot be easily aroused. Ventilation may be inadequate but cardiovascular functions is usually maintained.

• General anesthesia: depression of consciousness during which patients are not arousable even to painful stimuli. Ventilation is frequently inadequate but cardiovascular function may be impaired.