Dr.Sowmya.R Assistant Professor Department of Botany Yuvaraja’s College University of Mysore...

Dr.Sowmya.RAssistant ProfessorDepartment of BotanyYuvaraja’s CollegeUniversity of MysoreMysore-India

AMF is the most wide spread type of symbiotic association which creates an intimate link between plants and rhizosphere.

Micropropagation technique has become an important technique for the propagation of horticultural plants.

AMF association with micropropagated plants improves the root health during acclimatization period and helps to establish successfully in the field.

In the present study an attempt has been

made to discuss the efficacy of AM Fungi

for improving the establishment of

micropropagated banana Musa paradisiaca

variety Dwarf cavendish under field

conditions as alone and in combination

with PSM from acclimatization period to

complete establishment till the yield.

Plant material- Musa paradisiaca.L cv Dwarf

cavendish

AMF Inoculam- Glomus mosseae Glomus fasciculatum

Phosphate solubilising microorganism-

Trichoderma viride

Experiment- Two sets of experiments at P and PO – fertilizer level were carried.

1.Sucker raised (normal)plants 2. Micropropagated plants.

The experiment was conducted as pot experiment and then shifted to field to main experiment.

The land was prepared by ploughing thoroughly and the soil in the field was brought to tilth.The size of the pits was 75cm X 75cm X 60cm which was filled with 20 kg of FYM mixed with sand and soil as 1:1:1 proportion. VAM inoculam of 250 g /pit was poured.The PSM inoculam of 100ml/pit having 50X105 cells/ml was added to the pits.

75cm

75cm

AM Inoculum

60cm

PSM INOCULUM1000 ml/pit

75cm

FYM+Sand+Soil=1:1:1

G.fasciculatum

Trichoderma viride

G.mosseae

Regular leaf samples were taken and nutritional status of each plant was recorded.

Root length and shoot length of plants(Pots)

Fresh and dry weights of plants(Pots)

Quantitative estimation of Chlorophyll content

Total carbohydrates and reducing sugars

content

Total proteins content

Total phenolics content

Mycorrhizal percentage was recorded by Philips and Hayman (1970) method.

Mycorrhizal spore count were recorded by wet sieving and decanting method.

Alkaline and acid phosphatase activity was analysed by PNP Method.

Phosphorus content(Jackson method). Nitrogen content(by Kjeldhal method) . Na and K content (by flame photometry method) Ca and Mg content ( by versanate titration method) The total yield of the plant was recorded in terms of

number of hands per bunch, number of fingers per hand and bunch weight .

Treatments

Normal Micropropagated

% C V A S..C % C V A S.C.

Uninoculated control 12 5 12 40 15 4 17 44

Trichoderma viride 11 5 13 47 15 5 15 50

G. fasciculatum alone 63 25 35 244 71 38 52 323

G. fasciculatum +T. viride 75 31 43 255 84 47 58 358

G. mosseae alone 58 19 36 250 69 34 42 318

G. mosseae + T. viride 67 27 36 249 78 34 50 368

PERCENTAGE OF ROOT COLONIZATION, NUMBER OF VESICLES AND NUMBER OF ARBUSCULES IN THE ROOTS AND SPORE COUNT IN THE SOIL WITHOUT P FERTILIZER

Treatments

Normal Micropropagated

% C V A S..C % C V A S.C.

Uninoculated control 15 16 22 52 18 23 26 58

Trichoderma viride 16 18 21 55 17 21 27 57

G. fasciculatum alone 81 36 48 271 91 37 51 348

G. fasciculatum +T. viride 86 42 52 286 94 47 55 363

G. mosseae alone 74 32 42 269 84 32 46 336

G. mosseae + T. viride 81 34 43 278 90 35 52 359

PERCENTAGE OF COLONIZATION IN PLANT TREATED WITH AMF WITH P FERTILIZER

Treatments

Total Carbohydrates (ug/g) Reducing Sugards (ug/g)

Normal Micropropagated Normal Micropropagated

Leaf Root Leaf Root Leaf Root Leaf Root

Uninoculated control 867.2 573.2 874.2 542.4 417 314.6 438.6 334.2

Trichoderma viride 862.6 567.2 865.8 552 415 312.4 440.4 331.2

G. fasciculatum alone 853 544.6 897 564 431.6 265 447.6 351.6

G. fasciculatum +T. viride

844.2 542.4 911.4 573 439.6 276.6 455.6 354.4

G. mosseae alone 859.2 535 895.6 561.4 426.2 275.6 447 358

G. mosseae + T. viride

842.6 536.8 908.6 566.4 437.2 307.6 464 364.5

SEM 1.000 1.0344 0.8485 0.8717 1.1489 0.7615 0.9273 1.1335

CD 5% 2.9496 3.0510 2.5028 2.5714 2.3888 2.2463 2.7353 3.3436

Total carbohydrates and reducing sugars content sucker raised (normal) and micropropagated banana without P fertilizer

Total carbohydrates and reducing sugars content of sucker raised (normal) and micropropagated banana with P fertilizer

Treatments

Total Carbohydrates (ug/g) Reducing Sugards (ug/g)

Normal Micropropagated Normal Micropropagated

Leaf Root Leaf Root Leaf Root Leaf Root

Uninoculated control 854 547.6 896.2 553 428 338.4 461.8 321

Trichoderma viride 857.2 533.4 886.6 550.6 429.6 314.6 457.8 329

G. fasciculatum alone 843.2 521.4 898.2 545.8 337 295.6 421.6 339.2

G. fasciculatum +T. viride

833.4 513.6 916.4 548.5 368 310.8 429 354.8

G. mosseae alone 830.2 512.2 902.2 531.4 418.2 301.9 424 335.8

G. mosseae + T. viride 839.6 522.8 918.4 534.6 416.9 320.6 434.6 352.8

SEM 1.0954 0.7280 0.7483 1.2649 0.6184 0.9591 8.2249 0.74330

CD 5% 3.2311 2.1473 2.2072 3.7309 1.8242 2.8291 24.2603 2.1924

Treatments

P Content N Content K Content Na Content

NormalMicropropa

gatedNormal

Micropropagated

NormalMicropropa

gatedNormal

Micropropagate

d

Uninoculated control

0.194 0.220 4.38 5.28 0.1112 0.1228 0.07124 0.09882

Trichoderma viride

0.19 0.234 4.66 5.34 0.1120 0.1231 0.0726 0.10466

G. fasciculatum alone

0.218 0.242 6.48 7.24 0.1299 0.1421 0.06822 0.1081

G. fasciculatum +

T. viride0.238 0.264 6.82 7.76 0.1302 0.1452 0.08328 0.1020

G. mosseae alone

0.21 0.245 6.02 7.04 0.1323 0.1435 0.0744 0.1064


0.232 0.258 6.44 7.64 0.1352 0.1462 0.0939 0.1064

SEM 0.00227 0.00227 0.1121 0.0584 0.0049 0.0052 0.00567 0.00289

CD 5% 0.00668 0.00669 0.3307 0.1724 0.1839 0.1872 0.0167 0.02851

Phosphorus, Nitrogen and Potassium and Sodium content in the leaves of sucker raised (normal) and micropropagated banana without P fertilizer

Treatments

P Content N Content K Content Na Content

NormalMicropropagat

edNorma

lMicropropa

gatedNormal

Micropropagated

NormalMicropropagat

ed


0.214 0.234 4.46 5.24 0.1171 0.1279 0.0938 0.1022

Trichoderma viride

0.224 0.244 4.32 5.34 0.1180 0.1284 0.0936 0.1029


0.254 0.268 6.3 7.66 0.1372 0.1438 0.09186 0.1039

G. fasciculatum +

T. viride0.266 0.278 6.64 7.42 0.1398 0.1449 0.1006 0.1109

G. mosseae alone

0.244 0.254 6.08 7.26 0.1384 0.1440 0.0958 0.1113


0.256 0.272 6.44 7.78 0.1356 0.1471 0.1005 0.1083

SEM 0.00278 0.002610.0852

20.06376 0.0067 0.0073 0.00259 0.0038

CD 5% 0.00820 0.00769 0.2513 0.1880 0.1143 0.1327 0.00763 0.01127

Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Potassium and Sodium content in the leaves of sucker raised (normal) and micropropagated banana with P fertilizer

Acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity in the roots of sucker raised (normal) and micropropagated banana without P fertilizer.

Treatments

Acid phosphatase(SR)Alkaline

phosphatase(SR)Acid phosphatase(RE)

Alkaline phosphatase(RE

)

NormalMicroprop

agatedNormal

Micropropagated

NormalMicropropagated

NormalMicropropagate

d


29.77 32.64 7.52 8.60 41.73 42.61 16.64 18.22

Trichoderma viride

30.61 33.16 7.65 9.15 42.36 43.74 17.40 18.83

G. fasciculatum

alone34.74 36.21 9.68 10.78 45.52 47.51 20.43 21.37

G. fasciculatum

+T. viride

35.75 37.62 10.79 13.64 47.74 48.71 22.56 23.67

G. mosseae alone

33.80 37.25 9.46 10.31 45.48 47.26 19.66 20.57


36.13 37.28 10.63 12.36 46.70 48.41 22.12 22.73

SEM 0.0596 0.07069 0.06343 0.06607 0.07731 0.09458 0.08028 0.0588

CD 5% 0.1758 0.20852 0.18709 0.19488 0.2280 0.2789 0.2368 0.2736

Treatments

Acid phosphatase Alkaline phosphatase Acid phosphataseAlkaline

phosphatase

NormalMicropropag

atedNormal

Micropropagated


NormalMicropropagat

edUninoculate

d control32.49 34.51 8.67 9.69 43.66 44.68 18.35 18.97

Trichoderma viride

31.69 34.70 8.30 9.71 42.76 45.44 18.25 19.40

G. fasciculatu

m alone36.55 37.51 10.39 11.40 47.50 48.57 21.51 22.70

G. fasciculatu

m +T. viride

38.49 39.56 11.67 14.48 48.73 49.65 23.46 24.64

G. mosseae alone 35.44 36.66 9.60 11.21 46.61 47.72 21.32 22.37

G. mosseae + T. viride 37.76 38.73 11.52 13.50 48.42 48.41 22.76 23.57

SEM 0.0984 0.06649 0.07099 0.06916 0.07831 2.38908 0.05987 0.0661

CD 5% 0.29031 0.19613 0.20938 0.2039 0.23099 7.04680 0.17658 0.19510

Acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity in the roots of sucker raised (normal) and micropropagated banana with P fertilizer

Treatments

Plant heightGirth of the

plantNo. of hands/

bunchNo. of fingers/

handBunch Weight


dNormal

Micropropaga

tedNormal

Micropropagate

dNormal

Micropropaga

tedNormal

Micropropagated


165.84 182.74 51.5 54.8 11 12 12 13 43.48 46.5

Trichoderma viride

169.28 184.4 52.52 56.28 11 12 12 12 43.32 46.60


179.08 193.82 58.7 63.92 12 13 12 15 47.08 49.22

G. fasciculatum +

T. viride186.28 201.76 64.12 66.24 13 13 13 16 48.16 51.10

G. mosseae alone

177.72 191.96 56.06 62.72 12 12 12 15 45.52 47.80


189.28 197.24 63.22 65.48 12 13 13 16 47.10 49.96

SEM 0.3562 0.5667 0.2368 0.1978 0.2408 0.2463 0.3660 0.3444 0.14520.1856

2

CD 5% 1.0506 1.6718 0.6985 0.5835 0.7103 0.7264 1.0797 1.0160 0.3132 0.5474

Plant growth and yield of the plant without P fertilizer.

Treatments

Plant height Girth of the plantNo. of hands/

bunchNo. of fingers/

handBunch Weight



d

Normal

Micropropagate

dNormal

Micropropaga

tedNormal

Micropropagated


167.92 175.86 50.48 55.66 11 12 10 14 45.92 48.10

Trichoderma viride

170.94 177.16 50.92 55.86 11 13 11 15 46.68 48.14

G. fasciculatu

m alone181.34 186.16 64.74 65.84 13 14 14 17 47.52 50.20

G. fasciculatu

m +T. viride

184.80 192.40 67.12 68.58 14 15 14 18 49.18 52.52

G. mosseae

alone180.82 183.60 63.44 65.02 13 13 12 17 47.12 49.08

G. mosseae +

T. viride185.72 188.60 65.70 66.84 14 14 13 17 48.56 51.20

SEM 0.3259 0.5847 0.1843 0.21615 0.2144 0.2190 0.4647 0.5105 0.2123 0.2181

CD 5% 0.9614 1.7246 0.5437 0.6375 0.6325 0.6462 1.3708 1.5059 0.6262 0.6433

Plant growth and yield of the plant with P fertilizer

NORMAL PLANTS IN THE FIELD WITHOUT P-FERTILIZER

NORMAL PLANTS IN THE FIELD WITH P-FERTILIZER

Better establishment through mycorrhization.

Increased plant growth interms of root and shoot length and girth of the plant.

Improved physiological status. Improved mineral nutrition. Increased enzyme activity. Increase in the total yield of the

mycorrhizal micropropagated plants .

The two AMF species G.fasciculatum and G.mosseae colonized well in micropropagated plants in pots and continued to show well establishment in the field condition.The early mycorrhization was observed in micropropagated plants may be because of compatable specificity with Glomus species.This indicates the dependency of mycorrhiza in micropropagated plantlets during the early stages of development.

By utilizing AMF we can improve the cultivation practices of horticultural plants propagated in vitro.

Dr.Sowmya.R Assistant Professor Department of Botany Yuvaraja’s College University of Mysore...

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