Drought Management in China - United Nations Development Programme
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Drought Management in China Yang Siquan [email protected] National Disaster Reduction Center, MCA International Center for Drought Risk Reduction
Transcript of Drought Management in China - United Nations Development Programme
Drought Management in China
Yang Siquan
National Disaster Reduction Center, MCA
International Center for Drought Risk Reduction
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OUTLINE
Drought Reduction Practice in China
Drought Management Mechanism in China
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Successful Case in China 5.
4.
Introduction of NDRCC
2. Drought Situation in China
Introduction of NDRCC
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Function:
Responsibility of disaster reduction such as information management,
disaster risk assessment and product service, space technology
application, research on scientific technology and policies, research and
development of technical equipment and disaster relief materials,
publicity and education, training, and international cooperation..
Objective:
Information exchange Center
Technology service Center
Decision-making support Center
Exchange and Cooperation Windows
Propagate and education Windows
1.1 Basic Function of NDRCC
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1.2 Organization Structure of NDRCC
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Secretariat of Expert Committee
NCDR
Secretariat of National Committee on Technical Standardization of Disaster Reduction and Relief
China Disaster Reduction Magazine Company
International Center for
Drought Risk Reduction
Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management
Application and Research Center of National Space Technology for DR
International Center for Drought Risk Reduction
UN-SPIDER
Beijing Office
Chief Engineer Deputy Director General
Director General
Drought Disaster Situation
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Drying Wetting
Drought is one of the world's major disasters. In last 30 years, there have obvious drying
trends in the semi-arid region of the global. In the global natural disasters, drought is the
disaster that affects the most extensive scope and the largest population.
2.1 Climate Change and Drought
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2.2 Drought Situation in China
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2.3 Drought Impact on Society and Economy
Agriculture: more than 50% crop yield losses has been caused by
drought disaster, and drought is the main disaster to threaten food
security in China.
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旱灾占比例(%)
旱灾受灾面积占总受灾面积%
旱灾成灾面积占总成灾面积%
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旱灾占比例(%)
旱灾受灾面积占总受灾面积%
旱灾成灾面积占总成灾面积%
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Drought Management in China
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Ministry of Civil Affairs
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
National Development and Reform Commission
Ministry of Education
Ministry of Public Security
Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Land Resource
Ministry of Construction
Ministry of Railway
Ministry of Communication
Ministry of Information Industry
Ministry of Water Resource
Ministry of Agriculture
Ministry of Health
State of Environmental Protection Administration
National Bureau of Statistics of China
State Administration of Work Safety
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Bureau of Earthquake
China Meteorological Administration
China Insurance Regulatory Commission
National Natural Science Foundation of China
China Red Cross Federation
State council of
PRC
Office of CNCIDR
The National Coordination
Office on Disaster Fighting and
Relief State Forestry Administration
State Administration of Radio Film and Television
Commission of Science Technology and Industry for
National Defence
Ministry of Science and Technology
China Association for science and Technology
China National Committee
for International Disaster
Reduction (CNCIDR)
Ministry of Commerce
China National Committee for Disaster Reduction (CNCDR)
to formulate and implement of the national plan on disaster reduction
to form the guidelines and policies as well as activities
to propel international exchange and cooperation in disaster reduction
to supervise the relevant works in the provincial levels
Organizing and coordinating the disaster relief work
3.1 Drought Management Mechanism
Disaster Management organization structure
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State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters (SFCDRH
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3.2 Prediction Scheme for Drought Management
Disaster Management organization structure
Emergent Response Scheme for Drought
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3.3 Drought Monitoring and Assessment
Disaster Management organization structure
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Law
Water Law of the People's Republic of China
Documentation carrying the force of administrative regulation
Anti-Drought Regulations of the People's Republic of China
Hydrologic Regulations of the People's Republic of China
Departmental rules / regulation
Small reservoir safe management regulation
Technical standard
Criterion of water-saving irrigation technique
Design criterion of reservoir management
Classification of meteorological drought category
3.4 Drought Management Laws and Regulations
Drought Reduction Practice in China
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4.1 Drought Monitoring and Assessment System
Op
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Data processing
Environment Monitor
Losses assessment
Product making
Comprehensive operation platform
Database, information pool, knowledge base
Products storages and raw database
Information Platform for
Public Services
Consultation Platform for Command and Deployment
Computer Network Support Platform
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Standards
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Procedure
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旱灾应用产品体系
旱灾特征参数反演 旱灾风险评估产品 旱灾遥感监测产品 旱灾灾情评估产品 恢复重建监测产品
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Projects with
or without dams
Water transfer from Luan river to Tianjin, etc.
Reservoirs、ponds、 water cellars、water tanks
Pump stations、 electromechanical wells
4.2 Water Sources Management
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rain harvest project
As one form of rainfall utilization, water
cellar prevails in the northwest of China,
where characterized by poor precipitation and
limited water resources.
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Zhoushan water diversion project
from mainland in Zhejiang
Karez well in Xinjiang
water diversion project
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Water transfer from the Yellow
River to Shanxi
Water transfer from the
Yellow River to Qingdao
Since 1960s, China has constructed water transfers from the Yangtze
River to Huai River, Luan River to Tianjin, the Yellow River to
Shanxi, the Yellow River to Qingdao, the Yangtze River to Tai Lake，
the south-to-north，etc..
water transfer project
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Water-saving irrigation techniques mainly include:Springkling irrigation
system/Drip irrigation system/Low-pressure pipe irrigation/Canal lining
water-saving irrigation technique
Surface drip irrigation used in potato
Canal lining low-pressure pipe irrigation
Sprinkling in Inner Mongolia
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4.3 film mulching technology
80 cm 40 cm 80 cm
10-15cm 15-20cm 10-15cm
Technical key points：
Ridging: Each belt (i.e., a double ridge) is 120 cm wide and has a narrow and wide ridges. The narrow ridge is 40 cm wide and 15-20 cm high and the wide ridge is 80 cm wide and 10-15 cm high. There are furrows between two ridges. Mulching: use 140 cm wide plastic film to mulch. Ridging and mulching are conducted simultaneously. No space should be left between the films of two ridges and cover soil at the intersection. Put soil to hold down the film at every 2 meters distance. Sowing seeds at every 28-30 cm interval.
Technology diagram
80 cm 40 cm 80 cm
Put 10 cm depth soil
on the film every 2 to
3 m distance across
two ridges.
Sowing furrows
Put 10 cm depth soil
on the films along the
ridges in the middle of
two ridges
Rainfall
This technology is mainly applied in the highland, gentle slope and terrace
land in the arid and semi-arid region with annual rainfall between 350 mm
and 550 mm.
Inhibition of evaporation
Gathering all the water
when rainfall < 5 mm
Inhibition of evaporation
Main characteristics
Procedures for application
2marking
3base
fertilizing
4ridging
5mulching 6sowing
7topdressing
8harvesting
1Selection and
preparation
Mechanized
operation
Manual work
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Surface drip irrigation used in potato
Subsurface drip irrigation used in fruit tree Drip irrigation under mulch used in strawberry
Surface drip irrigation used in wheat Drip irrigation under mulch used in cotton
Successful Case in China
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According to the requirement of UNOOSA for drought
in 2011 in the horn of Africa, NDRCC made HJ-1
monitoring plan and provide 62 pieces of HJ-1
image.More than 10 thematic mapping products has
been finished, including the drought annual variation
map, the drought spatial distribution map, settlement
distribution map and water area variation map in
Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea and Ethiopia and other
serious drought area. These thematic mapping
products were provided to the disaster-affected
countries through the UN-SPIDER Beijing office.
Case1: Drought Monitoring in Horn of Africa
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Location: Middle of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
Average annual precipitation:264mm
Uneven distribution of precipitation within a year
Case2: Water Cellar in Ningxia
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Rainfall gathering field Water cellar
By 2004, the middle of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region has constructed 18,700
rainfall gathering fields and 201,800 water cellars.
From 1995 to 2001, about 250,000 people in drinking water difficulty have
benefited from these projects. Moreover, the region has developed more than
220,000 mu arable land with irrigation, with the food production over 0.38
×108kg and output value increase over 0.43 ×108 yuan.
Adaptation
Jiuquan
Wuwei
Gannan
Zhangye
Baiyin
Longnan
Dingxi
Qingyang
Tianshui
Lanzhou
Linxia Pingliang
Jinchang
Jiayuguan
The regions using the
technology of full plastic-film
mulching on double ridges and
planting in furrows in Gansu
province
0.1
2005
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2007
19.3
2008
50.5
2009
69.1
2010
71.4
2011
104 ha
Case3: film mulching technology applied in Gansu
Adaptation
Application of the new technology
corn
Adaptation
Potato
Corn + Pea
Cabbage
Fruit trees
2nd Africa-Asia Drought Adaptation Forum
cotton-growing areas
South Xingjiang cotton-growing
areas
North Xingjiang cotton-growing
areas
Case4: Drip irrigation under mulch applied in Xinjiang
2nd Africa-Asia Drought Adaptation Forum
Difference between soil temperature under film and that between films(℃)
Soil depth (cm) 8∶00 12∶00 16∶00 20∶00 22∶00 Average
5 1.0 5.5 8.5 5.5 5.5 5.7
10 1.0 2.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.4
15 3.0 2.0 3.0 4.5 4.0 3.1
20 2.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 2.5 2.2
25 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.2
2nd Africa-Asia Drought Adaptation Forum
Fixed drip irrigation
Fertilizer tank
蓄水池
Mobile drip irrigation
Drip irrigation equipment
2nd Africa-Asia Drought Adaptation Forum Drip irrigation equipment
Filter
Drip emitters
Maze steady flow drippers
Pressure compensated drippers
2nd Africa-Asia Drought Adaptation Forum Sowing Machine
2nd Africa-Asia Drought Adaptation Forum Film under crops drip irrigation
Drip
irrigatio
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ep
per
Drip irrigation in rice
