DRM Agriculture Task Force - HumanitarianResponse · DRM – Agriculture Task Force Minutes of...

DRM – Agriculture Task Force

Monthly Meeting

Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Resources

Meeting Room

6th December 2018


Agenda

1. Welcome and Introduction

2. Approval of Minutes of 18th October 2018

3. Monthly updates:

a. Early warning weather forecast

b. Agriculture Sector Response Update/Monthly Dashboard

c. Regional Agricultural Situational Update

4. Update on the status of major crop pests/diseases in Ethiopia

5. Enhancing Livestock Feed Security System

6. Meher Assessment: update and call for a separate meeting

7. AoB


Minutes of Meeting from 18th October 2018

Action Points:

▪ Response Plan (for IDPs, Returnees and Host Community) draft to be

circulated among DRM-ATF in November.

▪ FAW Gap Analysis draft to be circulated among DRM-ATF in

November.

▪ NMA and MoALR to sit together, discuss and highlight

recommendations that will be disseminated to the farmers.

Mechanisms for dissemination to be discussed as well.


Minutes of Meeting from 18th October 2018

Monthly Updates

▪ On-line survey to be circulated to DRM-ATF, and partners will fill up

the questionnaire: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/DS9KGCY

▪ Sharing of the updated products with partners along with the

reminder for the meeting invitation to review and provide feedback

where any before publishing on www.humanitarianresponse.info

▪ MoALR requested that the regional update should be triangulated

with NDRMC and MoALR at the next DRM-ATF meeting.

https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/DS9KGCY

http://www.humanitarianresponse.info/


Monthly updates:

ToR and Action Plans:

▪ Final versions of the Action Plan and ToR to be resend via email and DRM-

ATF members to endorse them at the next meeting.

Response Plan for IDPs, Returnees and Host Communities:

▪ Agriculture Sector Coordinator to visit Benishangul Gumuz soon and

establish a focal point for DRM-ATF in the humanitarian coordination

mechanism there.

▪ Agriculture Sector Coordinator to circulate the MoALR Response Plan with

the TC members and consolidate the comments.

▪ Response Plan to be circulated among DRM-ATF before the next meeting.


Monthly updates:

Meher Assessment:

▪ Agriculture Sector Coordinator to share the Check List as soon as possible and

collect comments from DRM-ATF partners.

▪ DRM-ATF to have Meher Assessment related meeting in the following

months.


Monthly updates:

AoB:

▪ IPC Team to provide a presentation at the MoALR soon.

▪ The Agriculture Sector Coordinator to share the new EHF allocation with the

DRM-ATF members today.

▪ MoALR to present about FAW and other crop pests/diseases at the next

meeting.

▪ MoALR to share the results of the Pre-harvest Assessment.


Monthly Update:

Early warning weather forecast

November 2018 Assessment and

December 2018 Forecast

Outline

• Weather Assessment month of

November 2018

• Weather outlook month of

December 2018

Moisture status distribution month of November

34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48

4

6

8

10

12

14

Nov 3rd dekad

34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48

4

6

8

10

12

14

Humid

Moderatly dry

Dry

Very Dry

Moist

Nov 1st dekad

34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48

4

6

8

10

12

14

Nov 2nd dekad

34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48

4

6

8

10

12

14

Nov monthly MI

Rangeland WRSI in % - 2018 November November 1

November 2November 3

Vegetation Greenness (NDVI) in fraction - 2018 November

November 1 November 2November 3

Summery

❖ During the first and second dekad of November some placesexhibited moist to humid moisture condition due to unseasonalrainfall particularly the first half of the month.

❖ The situation might have negative impact for areas which areunder harvest and post harvest activities. On the other hand thecondition had positive impact for improving the availability ofpasture and drinking water over eastern and north easternpastoral and agro pastoral areas of the country.

❖ After the second half of the month the rainfall amount anddistribution was decline and the observed dry Bega weathercondition could favor the ongoing harvest and post harvestactivities in most parts of Meher rain benefiting areas.

❖ Bega is the second rainy season for the southern andsoutheastern parts of the country, the received rain during themonth could play positive impact for improving the availability ofpasture and drinking water over pastoral and agro pastoral areas.

Weather outlook month of December 2018❖ In normal condition, during the month of December

most part of the country goes under dry moisturecondition and some high land areas also experienceschilly and frosty weather conditions at night andmorning time.

❖ In the coming month of December the Bega season drymoisture condition is expected to prevail across thecountry and this may intensify night and morning timecoldness and chilliness over most of the high land areasand it may lead to the formation of frost.

❖ The forecasted dry and sunny condition should be takenas good opportunity to perform harvest and postharvest activities over the place where Meher seasoncrops are fully matured.

❖ Thus, farmers are strongly advised to use this

opportunity to collect fully matured crops. The night

and morning time chilly and frosty condition may have

negative impact on fruit and other horticulture plants.

❖ Therefore, farmers need to be assisted by agricultural

professional for effective management of chilly conditions.

❖ On the other hand, light rainfall is expected over some few parts

of the SNNPR, Somali and southern Oromiya and this may be

favorable for Bega season crops and perennial plants as well as to

ensure the availability of pasture and drinking water for the

pastoral and agro pastoral community.

❖ In line with this, Bench Maji, Kefa, Guji, Borena, Liben, Afder,

Gode, and Korahe low land areas are likely to experience light

rainfall. The rest part of the country be expected dry moisture

condition.


Monthly Update:

Agriculture Sector Response Update /

Monthly Dashboard


Discussion:

Meher Assessment:

update and call for a separate meeting

19

Addis Ababa – 6th December 2018

Ethiopia Agriculture sector 2018 Information Management

Summary

20

I. Timeline, Analysis and Updated products

for the sector

II. Assessment Registry

III. HNO

Monthly Reporting and Product Timeline

21

1st to 10th 15th

Partners report

to ALS on

previous month

beneficiaries

reached and

update plans if

needed

Maps update

5Ws report

to OCHA

25th20th

Gap

analysis

3Ws

Dashboard

25th to 30th

Collection of

data for monthly

Newsletter

I. Analysis

Regions Livestock Feb Mar Apr May June July August September October Percent

Afar 81,689 - 1,197 3,821 3,821 3,821 6,563 11,146 11,146 21,684 27%

Amhara 45,802 - - - 14,909 15,509 15,509 17,309 17,309 17,309 38%

Oromia 162,834 3,791 5,813 11,902 44,398 77,371 100,040 100,040 121,929 216,164 133%

SNNPR 985,861 10,763 11,513 12,263 14,649 37,582 37,582 38,582 38,582 39,541 4%

Somali 542,204 - 7,489 11,799 14,199 15,872 13,772 18,464 20,116 29,848 6%

Tigray 35,948 - - - - 49 1%

Total 1,854,338 14,554 26,012 39,785 91976 150,155 173,466 185,541 209,082 424,186 18%

HDRP Targets for Livestock Intervention

Regions Afar Amhara Oromia SNNPR Somali Tigray Total

Target 81,689 45,802 162,834 985,861 542,204 35,948 1,854,338

I. Analysis

Regions Agriculture Feb Mar Apr May June July August September October Percent

Afar 7,228 - 0%

Amhara 28,792 - 4,583 4,584 4,584 4,583 18,045 18,045 63%

Oromia 45,290 13,405 13,705 14,030 14,030 15,950 15,950 29,408 43,414 43,415 96%

SNNPR 18,955 2,360 3,077 5,228 6,798 8,500 8,500 22,878 32,511 33,687 178%

Somali 288,626 - 200 360 360 360 360 360 4,280 1%

Tigray 1349 - 1,364 101%

Total 390,240 15,765 16,782 19,458 25,771 29,393 29,393 57,229 94,330 100,791 26%

Regions Afar Amhara Oromia SNNPR Somali Tigray Total

Target 7,228 28,792 45,290 18,955 288,626 1,364 390,240

HDRP Targets for Emergency seed and tools Intervention

1▪ Gap analysis figures for both response and funding

▪ Sectors targets highlighted in the map

▪ Situational analysis in the month

5Ws

Dashboard

II. Information Management products and outputs

▪ Achievements and gaps against targets Informs response

▪ Response using the hot spots classificationGap Analysis2

1. Agriculture Partners Presence Maps

3 Maps

2. Livestock Partners Presence Maps

3. Resilience Partners Presence Maps

4. Agriculture Sector Partners Presence Maps

III. Assessment Registry

31

✓Assessment tracking to be shared among with partners in helping to

make informed programmatic decisions

✓Fits in other food security analysis like IPC

✓Communication and advocacy support

✓Identify the key gap

HNO

Ethiopia: Humanitarian

Needs Overview

32

PURPOSE

The humanitarian needs overview (HNO) promotes a shared understanding of the impact and evolution of a crisis within the humanitarian country team (HCT) and informs strategic response planning.

HNO Global Guidance & Template : https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/programme-cycle/space/document/humanitarian-needs-overview-guidance-and-templates-updated-august-0

https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/programme-cycle/space/document/humanitarian-needs-overview-guidance-and-templates-updated-august-0

Humanitarian Programme Cycle (HPC)

Process

Planning

Data collection,

consolidation &

information gaps

Cluster and

Inter-Sector Analysis

analysis

Validation &

Approval

1 2 3 4

Timeline

1. Planning• HNO Structure & Analysis Framework and HNO template

• Key indicators (Cluster & others) for Severity and HNO analysis

• Severity of Needs methodology

• Humanitarian Population methodology

2. Data Consolidation and Info Gaps

• Seasonal Assessment: Data Collection and Results

• Secondary Data Analysis

• Response data (4W update)

• Periodic Monitoring Review update

• Household Economic Approach (HEA) – Results

• Displacement Tracking Matrix - data and results

3. Sectoral Analysis & Inter-sectoral Analysis

• Inter-sectoral People in Need

• Sectoral People in Need

• Sectoral Severity of Needs

• Sectoral analysis and narrative for HNO -sectoral pages

• Inter-sectoral Severity of Needs

• Inter-sectoral analysis & narrative

• HNO Joint Analysis Workshop Detailed process timeline will be circulated for comments and review

November Decembe

r

January

Finalization by

30 November

Finalization by 21

December

Finalization

by 10 January

Proposed: Analytical Framework for HNO in Ethiopia

Impact on people + disruption

of services and systems

People Moderate & Acutely

in need of assistance.

The Severity of Needs

(joint inter-sectoral

analysis) of humanitarian

needs, and consensus on

the critical humanitarian

needs of a crisis-affected

population.

Response and needs per

sector, and gaps to be

addressed. Coverage and

scope of Development

programmes underway.

Level of access for

humanitarian aid and the

influence on aid delivery.

Severity of Needs

“The Severity of Needs expresses the degree (or seriousness) of unmet needs, either through shortages and deficits or similar context-specific factors as opposed to fulfilment and wellbeing. The factors that make communities more vulnerable, such as people’s inaccessibility to aid, shocks (conflict, natural disasters), displacement etc. are also used in defining the Severity of Needs.”

Proposed: Inter-Sectoral Severity of Needs

Scoring 0 1 3 5 7 9 11

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

No problem Minor Problem Moderate problem Major problem Severe problem Critical problem Catastrophic problem

Thematic Indicators Source

% of IDP's hosted in the dis trict DTM-IOM 0.00% 0.01-0.10% 0.11-0.10% 0.11-0.50% 0.51-1.99% 2-9.99% > 10.00%

% of new IDP’s in last s ix (6) months DTM-IOM 0.00% 0.01-0.05% 0.06-0.10% 0.10-0.20% 0.21-0.80% 0.81-2.99% > 3.00%

% of IDP's access ible (phys ica l or securi ty

constra ints )DTM-IOM 100.00% 99%-90% 89%-70% 69%-50% 40%-30% 29%-5% 5%-0%

Meas les incidenceMOH/ WHO Survei l lance -

Source to discucssed0 >0 - <2 >2 - <6 >6 - <10 >10 - <20 >20 - 30 > 30

Acute Watery Diarrhoea MOH/ WHO Survei l lance -

Source to discucssed0 >0 - <1 1 - <10 10 - <100 100 - <200 200 - <500 >500

CFR for AWD MOH/ WHO Survei l lance -

Source to discucssed0 >0- <0.25 >0.25- <0.5 >0.5- <0.75 >0.75- <1 >1- 1.5 >1.5

Yellow Fever (YF) incidenceMOH/ WHO Survei l lance -

Source to discucssed0 >0 - <2 2 -<5 5 - <8 8 - <10 10 - 15 > 15

Malaria IncidenceMOH/ WHO Survei l lance -


% of people facing surviva l defici t ( Number) HEA Surviva l Defici t <10% Surviva l Defici t ≥10% but <20% Surviva l Defici t ≥20% but <50%

Surviva l Defici t ≥50% but <60%

Surviva l Defici t ≥60%

Duration of surviva l defici t for people below the

surviva l threshold ( in months)HEA 3 6 9 12

% of IDPs with no access to food (except from

humanitarian ass is tance)DTM-IOM <1% >1% - <10% >10% - <20% >20% - <30% >30% and <75% >75% and <85% >85%

Amount of crop production loss HEA

Below average crop

condition or estimates

of production losses (1 -

10% of the last five years

average)

Below average crop condition or

estimates of production losses

>(10 -<20% of the last five years

average)

Poor crop condition or

estimates of high

production losses ( >20 -

<30% of the last five years

average)

Very poor crop condition or

estimates of very high

production losses >30%-<40%

of the last five years

average)



production losses ( >40% of the

last five years average)

Proxy %GAM based on MUAC

SMART survey or Screeening

data<5% 5-9.9% 10-14.9% > or =15% > or =15%

% of population inaccess ible due to confl ict OCHA/NDMRC 0.01-0.05% 0.06-0.10% 0.10-0.99% 0.99-4.99% 5.-9.99% > 10%

% of IDP's hosted due to confl ict DTM-IOM 0.00% 0.01-0.05% 0.06-0.10% 0.10-0.20% 0.21-0.80% 0.81-1.99% > 2.00%

No of confl ict incidents inlast three years ACLED >1-<10 >10-<20 >20-<30 >30-<40 >40-<70 >70

No of flood events s ince 2010 OCHA/NDRMC 1 to 2 3 to 4 5 to 6 7 to 11 12 to 21 >20

% of population inaccess ible due to floods OCHA/NDRMC 0.01-0.05% 0.06-0.10% 0.10-0.99% 0.99-4.99% 5.-9.99% > 10%

% of IDP's hosted due to floods OCHA/NDRMC 0.01-0.10% 0.11-0.10% 0.11-0.50% 0.51-0.99% 1.00-4.99% > 5.00%

Co

nfl

ict

Flo

od

sH

ea

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(M

orb

idit

y)

Scale

Dis

pla

cem

en

tF

oo

d S

ecu

irty

an

d N

utr

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n

Proposed: Inter-Sectoral Severity of Needs

6.Catastrophic problem

5. Criticalproblem4. Severe

problem3. Majorproblem

2. Moderateproblem

1. Minorproblem

% of

People in need

<60-<70%

<50-<60%

<40-<50%

<30-<40%

<20-<30%

<10-<20%%

0%

Scoring 0 1 3 5 7 9 11

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

No problem Minor Problem Moderate problem Major problem Severe problem Critical problem Catastrophic problem

Thematic Indicators Source

% of IDP's hosted in the dis trict DTM-IOM 0.00% 0.01-0.10% 0.11-0.10% 0.11-0.50% 0.51-1.99% 2-9.99% > 10.00%

% of new IDP’s in last s ix (6) months DTM-IOM 0.00% 0.01-0.05% 0.06-0.10% 0.10-0.20% 0.21-0.80% 0.81-2.99% > 3.00%

% of IDP's access ible (phys ica l or securi ty

constra ints )DTM-IOM 100.00% 99%-90% 89%-70% 69%-50% 40%-30% 29%-5% 5%-0%

Meas les incidenceMOH/ WHO Survei l lance -

Source to discucssed0 >0 - <2 >2 - <6 >6 - <10 >10 - <20 >20 - 30 > 30

Acute Watery Diarrhoea MOH/ WHO Survei l lance -

Source to discucssed0 >0 - <1 1 - <10 10 - <100 100 - <200 200 - <500 >500

CFR for AWD MOH/ WHO Survei l lance -

Source to discucssed0 >0- <0.25 >0.25- <0.5 >0.5- <0.75 >0.75- <1 >1- 1.5 >1.5

Yellow Fever (YF) incidenceMOH/ WHO Survei l lance -


Malaria IncidenceMOH/ WHO Survei l lance -


% of people facing surviva l defici t ( Number) HEA Surviva l Defici t <10% Surviva l Defici t ≥10% but <20% Surviva l Defici t ≥20% but <50%

Surviva l Defici t ≥50% but <60%

Surviva l Defici t ≥60%

Duration of surviva l defici t for people below the

surviva l threshold ( in months)HEA 3 6 9 12

% of IDPs with no access to food (except from

humanitarian ass is tance)DTM-IOM <1% >1% - <10% >10% - <20% >20% - <30% >30% and <75% >75% and <85% >85%

Amount of crop production loss HEA

Below average crop

condition or estimates

of production losses (1 -

10% of the last five years

average)

Below average crop condition or

estimates of production losses

>(10 -<20% of the last five years

average)

Poor crop condition or

estimates of high

production losses ( >20 -

<30% of the last five years

average)



production losses >30%-<40%

of the last five years

average)



production losses ( >40% of the

last five years average)

Proxy %GAM based on MUAC

SMART survey or Screeening

data<5% 5-9.9% 10-14.9% > or =15% > or =15%

% of population inaccess ible due to confl ict OCHA/NDMRC 0.01-0.05% 0.06-0.10% 0.10-0.99% 0.99-4.99% 5.-9.99% > 10%

% of IDP's hosted due to confl ict DTM-IOM 0.00% 0.01-0.05% 0.06-0.10% 0.10-0.20% 0.21-0.80% 0.81-1.99% > 2.00%

No of confl ict incidents inlast three years ACLED >1-<10 >10-<20 >20-<30 >30-<40 >40-<70 >70

No of flood events s ince 2010 OCHA/NDRMC 1 to 2 3 to 4 5 to 6 7 to 11 12 to 21 >20

% of population inaccess ible due to floods OCHA/NDRMC 0.01-0.05% 0.06-0.10% 0.10-0.99% 0.99-4.99% 5.-9.99% > 10%

% of IDP's hosted due to floods OCHA/NDRMC 0.01-0.10% 0.11-0.10% 0.11-0.50% 0.51-0.99% 1.00-4.99% > 5.00%

Conf

lict

Floo

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ealt

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orbi

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)

Scale

Dis

plac

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tFo

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ecui

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and

Nut

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on

Thank you!

Questions?


Monthly Update:

Regional Agricultural Situational

Update

Regional Disaster Risk Management – Agriculture Task Force

FEDERAL DRM-ATF BRIEFING

December 6, 2018

MoA conference room

Disaster Risk

Manageme

nt & Food

Security

Sector

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Rainfall

Amount & Distribution

During this month light to heavy rainfall recorded in over most part of the region the

max record was 54.8mm in Mille and the minimum in in Elidar 5.3 mm.

Water and Pasture conditions

Water is available in many part of the region except Kori, Bedu, Elida’ar, Erebti and Dubti/serdo kebele (Water tracking)

Livestock disease

• No major Livestock disease observed in the region and vaccination campaign was

going on in 15 woredas of the region.

Food Security

• 2nd round emergency food assistance was for 446,881 people

• 562,080 people benefited from 3rd round PSNP-IV food aid.

AFAR REGION

PASTORA AGRO PASTORAL TASK FORCE

AMHARA REGION

AGRICULTURE TASK FORCERain Amount and Distribution

• Ten Zones received below normal rainfall (below 75 mm).

• Timely onset and cessation of current rainy season observed

Crop (Meher season)

• Planned for cultivation is 4438439 ha (MoA)

• Planted area with crop 5082963ha (MoA)

Pasture and water

• most area of the region have been accessing pasture (grass) even Sehala, Abergele

and Zequala districts

• Livestock body is in good condition

Food Security

• Emergency food and material supplied for 14,608 IDP

• During October, the third and fourth round emergency support did not reach to the

beneficiaries: problem

OROMIA REGION AGRICULTUREAL TASK FORCERain:

• Five zones received below normal rainfall and Four zones received normal rainfall while one

zone remained without rainfall.

Crop stands Condition/Yield

–Planned ha of land 6,060,095.40 ha (MoA)

–Planted ha 5,834,034 ha (MoA)

• Guji zone: Crops mainly I the lowland part is harvested

• Borena zone: harvests is completed across the zone

• Bale: harvesting is completed at lowland woredas benefiting from Belg, while Meher

receiving highland areas have completed planting and at different stage of growth.

• Livestock and pasture

• Pasture availability improved & hence Livestock body condition.

Food Security

• Government and partners are providing food/cash for IDP : conflict (people in Kamashi zone

of BG and Oromia areas bordering BG)

SNNPR REGIONL UPDATE

Rain:

• 57 woredas have received Normal, while 79 Woredas were with Below Normal

rainfall.

Crop stands/conditions

•Area planned to cover with different field crops was 971876 ha. (MoA)

•1,122,549 ha of land covered with different crops (MoA)

Most ‘meher’ season crops at flowering and maturing stage

Pasture and Livestock:

• There is good availability of pasture hence improved LS body condition.

Food Security

• Most IDP within the region have returned back and response decreased.

• Nevertheless, 23,807 IDPs found in different parts of the region (as at October) got

emergency food assistance

SOMALI REGION AGRICULTURAL TASK FORCE

Rain:

• seasonal rains of Deyr was started most of the zones including: Siti, Jarar, Korahay,

Dollo, Nogob, Erer, Shabelle, Afder, Liban and Dawa

Crop

• The total land area ploughed and planted is estimated to be 725,000 ha planted (rain

fed or irrigation) (No pest outbreaks and other crop diseases).

Pasture and Livestock (i.e. grasses and browse)

• Since Deyr season rain shower is taking place in some parts of the region, fresh

pasture and shrub started to regenerate

• Livestock body condition

• Improved; but now seems deteriorating.

Food Security

• No any ongoing emergency response after the flood emergency of past 2018 Gu’ season

TIGRAY REGION

AGRICULTURAL TASK FORCE

Rain

• The moisture condition declining

• Western and Northwest zones have better rainfall coverage

Crop Production/Yield

• Area planned to cover with different field crops was 1,144,432 ha. (MoA)

• 1,271,461 ha of land covered with different crops (MoA)

Crop pest, type, infestation/areas affected

• Crops on 16,232 ha of land infested by FAW but now controlled

Livestock and Feed

• Following the rainfall availability the pasture has improved

Food Security

• Fourth round is delivered to woredas and distribution to the beneficiaries will start

soon.

Thank you


Presentations:

Update on the status of major crop

pests/diseases in Ethiopia

Current status of major crop pests and plant protection

pest management system

Nov.2018

Addis Ababa

Ethiopia

Introduction

Ethiopian economy is based on agriculture

❖Crop production

❖ Livestock husbandry

Agriculture provides

▪ > 80 % employment

▪ GDP of nearly 50%

▪ Ethiopia has diverse agro-ecologies suitable for most of the crops

grown across the planet.

▪ Among many about 54 crop species are widely grown in their

appropriate niches.

▪ All these crops have been suffering from the attack of insect

pests, infection by disease causing plant pathogens (fungi,

bacteria, viruses and nematodes) and outcompeting weed species

and vertebrate pests (Economic Pests Affecting Ethiopian Crops

Production, Bayeh Mulatu, 2017).

▪ Plant Protection research reviewed lists of positively identified

insect pests, disease causing pathogens, competing weed species,

and vertebrate pests in Ethiopia (Tsedeke Abate, 1985, Abraham

Tadesse, 2008 and 2009) .

Introduction

Major cereal crops in the National Economy

Ethiopia has increasingly attained self-sufficiency in maize production since early

this decade and even exports some quantities to neighboring countries in years of

surplus production.

If production can be significantly expanded, the potential for maize export to all the

neighboring countries is very high

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Teff Maize Wheat Sorghum Barley Finger

millet

Pro

du

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n (

mil

lio

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on

s),

Yie

ld

(to

n/h

a),

Are

a (

mil

lio

n h

a)

Cereal crops

Production Productivity Area

Introduction about maize

Maize in Ethiopia

➢ Stands first in total production (7.8 million MT) and

productivity (3.6t/ha)

➢ Currently about 11 million HH (66% of the total rural HH)

grow maize on over 3 million hectares.

➢ 75% of all maize produced consumed by each HH fulfilling

22% of the daily calorie needs

➢ Subsistence maize farming account for more than 95 % of the

total maize area and production

➢ Annual yield gain of 68 kg/ha was recorded for maize in

Ethiopia and only South Africa exceeded this figure (119

kg/ha/yr) in SSA.

• Most diverse in types & utilization of all cereal crops: (sweet corn, pop

corn, QPM, NM, baby corn; corn flake, Ugaliy, Sadez, Papa, beverage (beer,

whisky…), corn oil, glucose, starch and sweetener, bio fuel (Ethanol fuel production) ..etc.,

❖In general maize is everything for Ethiopian farmers

Economically Important Insect pests of maize in Ethiopia

So far;

➢ African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Walker)

➢ Stalk borer species (Chilo partellus, Busseola fusca

and Sesamia calmistis)

➢ Aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis and R. padi)

➢ Maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais and S. oryzae),

➢ Angoumois Grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella,

➢ Larger Grain Borer, Prostephanus truncates (Horn)

➢ Termites

➢ Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. (New

gust)

Economically Important Diseases of maize in Ethiopia

• GLS

• TLB

• CLR

• PLS

• MSV

• Ear rot

Recently introduced disease:

•MLN

Other minor disease (HS)

Pest category

Positively identified species

Number Proportion of the

total

Weeds 356 17.8

Insect pests of different crop

species

681 34.1

Disease causing plant

pathogens

a. Bacteria 113 5.6

a. Fungus 570 28.5

a. Virus 76 3.8

a. Nematode 80 4.0

Diseases with unidentified

causative agent

120 6.0

Category of economic pests and their proportion

Source

crop

Intercepted pest Year Remark

Maize Fall armyworm, Spodoptera

frugiperda

2017 Due to failure to detect early

transboundary movement of

pests

Pop corn Maize lethal necrosis disease 2015 Imported as grain from

Argentina

Fresh

vegetables

Black root rot, Chalara elegans

Nag Raj & Kendrick

2016 Imported from Israel

Fresh

vegetables

Bacterial leaf blight of tomato,

Pseudomonas viridiflava

2016 Imported from Israel

Lupin Pseudomonas viridiflava 2016 Imported seed

Tomato South American tomato moth,

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)

2012 Due to failure to detect early

movement of the pests

Cotton Cotton mealybug 2010 In imported cotton seed from

Newly introduced and established crop pests in Ethiopia since

2010 (MoANR PHRD, unpublished data 2017)

1. New insect pests causing significant economic damage include

▪ Cotton mealy bug,

▪ South American tomato moth, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)

▪ Citrus woolly whitefly,

▪ White mango scale,

▪ Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith).

New pest species introduced recently in their category

2. New plant disease causing pathogens with significant

economic damage :

▪ Maize lethal necrosis disease,

▪ Garlic rot caused by Sclerotium cepivorum Berk., which also

affects onion when infected bulbs are used as planting material,

▪ Bacterial wilt of ginger, Ralstonia solanacearum and

▪ New races of wheat stem rust, Puccinia graminis f. sp.tritici,

▪ Faba bean galls, Olpidium viciae Kusano .


3.Plant species that are invasive and were introduced into the

country at different times and have been affecting the country

significantly :

▪ Parthenium weed, Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae);

▪ Water hyacinth, Eichornia crassipes (C. Mart.) Solms (Liliales:

Pontederiaceae;

▪ Mesquite, Prosopis juliflora (SW) DC (Fabacea)

▪ Parasitic weed Orobanche crenata Forskal on faba bean

▪ Semi parasitic species witchweed, Striga spp


Some Economic Pests in Ethiopia

Fruit boring by bollworm Leaf chewing by diamond back moth


Leaf mining by leaf miners Stem tunneling by stalk borer


WAA on apple stem WAA on apple roots


MLND Maize Grey leaf spot of maize

Newer Economic Pests Examples

Newest Example: Fall Armyworm

Pesticide Application in Ethiopia

Pest management in Ethiopia has been going on for ages by

traditional farmers who have been depending on the use of their

indigenous knowledge and practices to manage pests

Before the 1950s in Ethiopia agriculture was diversified and

follows old custom trends in most of the country and farms used

to experience extensive crop losses due to pests.

In the 1950s the Ministry of Agriculture made great paces in

plant pest control and started giving increased attention to other

important pests besides the desert locust.

Pest management status in Ethiopia

It was in 1956 that a permanent locust control staff was organized

and independently established with a budget and equipment and

armyworm survey and some control actions were started.

With the effect of increased occurrence of pests, needs have been

emerged to handle study of crop pest problems, demonstration of

modern equipment, pesticides, training personnel and performing

import, export, Plant health clinic and plant quarantines has been

established by Ministry of Agriculture.


In the mid-1980s the structure was revised and its organization

was raised from division to a department level.

Nevertheless due to the widening service need, the capacity of

the national plant protection support system was found

inadequate

Further institutional building activities were carried out between

1987 and 1992

In response to this pest management support service structure

revised and the Plant Health Regulatory Directorate General

(PHRD) established with three directorates:

Plant Protection, Plant health quality control Plant variety

release, and quality regulation directorates.


National pest management support service system strategy

developed in collaboration with professionals from relevant

stake holders published by FAO assistance and distributed.

(June, 2015)

Currently PMSS given very limited attention and Pest

management support service is not responsive and helping the

pest management system.


Current Plant Protection pest management status

1. Migratory pest management (Desert Locust, AAW, FAW,

Quelea)

▪ Monitoring, forecasting and early warning (Global, Regional,

National and Community Based monitoring and early warning)

▪ Community focal persons and locust scouts sensitization and

Capacity building

▪ Monthly bulletin preparation and feed back to region bureau of

Agriculture and relevant stake holders

▪ Community based monitoring forecasting and early warning follow

up

▪ Monitoring tools pheromone traps, mobile phones and tablets

distribution to front line districts and villages for early detection

1. turn on tablet

2. stop at survey location

3. take tablet during foot transect

4. press New report at location of

foot transect (this may be away

from vehicle)

5. enter data

6. take photo (optional)

7. return to vehicle

8. put antenna on dashboard,

connect cable and plug into

cigarette lighter socket

9. turn engine on

10. press Send & Save (transmission

will start)

11. drive to next survey stop (no need

to wait for transmission to finish)

12. repeat steps 3-11

13. keep tablet turned on all day

How to use

Desert Locust

breeding and

outbreak areas

in Ethiopia

Desert Locust swarm over Addis

Ababa on 14th May, 2014.

Desert Locust swarm in Eastern

Ethiopia on April, 2014 with a

man scaring the locusts by

waving his close.

Army worm and FAW

monitoring, Forecasting and

Early warning Training of

Trainers

Army worm and FAW moth

monitoring forecasting and

Early warning station in

strategic front line and early

planting areas (belg & Meher)

• Emergency response plan

• TOT, National technical

committe

• Mass awareness and mobilization

• FAW Management strategy

• Monitoring, forecasting and EW

Group Discussion about use and handling of Pheromone trap in Raya Alamata and Raya Azebo Districts

Demonstration how to handle Pheromone traps

Pheromone traps FAW Moth Monitoring reports

date

Districts

seka

cherkosashebe sinbu Ginbo shebench

debub

benchbenatsmay bahirdar

Daily

Totaltrap 1 trap 2 trap 1 trap 2

trap

1 trap 2 trap 1 trap 2

trap

1 trap 2

trap

1 trap 2 trap 1 trap 2

10/10/2010 - - - - 87 142 - - - - - - - - 229

15/10/2010 - - - - 227 214 87 58 91 39 - - - - 716

20/10/2010 328 284 442 393 - - - - - - - - - - 1447

28/10/2010 71 101 410 449 - - - - - - - - - - 1031

29/10/2010 - - - - 169 163 - - - - - - - - 332

5/11/2010 353 380 557 472 - - - - 30 40 - - - - 1832

6/11/2010 - - - - 111 116 - - - - - - - - 227

7/11/2010 - - - - - - - - - - 560 - - - 560

13/11/2010 - - - - 112 98 - - - - - - - - 210

14/11/2010 - - - - - - - - - - 470 - - - 470

19/11/2010 - - - - - - 0 5 34 68 - - - - 107

20/11/2010 206 177 380 295 - - - - - - - - - - 1058

21/11/2010 - - - - - - - - - - 270 - - - 270

4/12/2010 - - - - 18 16 - - - - - - 142 172 348

12/12/2010 172 172

13/12/2010 295 195 256 254 - - - - - - - - - - 1000

total sum 1253 1137 2045 1863 724 749 87 63 155 147 1472 0 142 172 10009

No Districts Date 15-30/10/2010 Date 1-30/11/2010 Date 1-13/12/2010

Trap 1 Trap 2 Monthl

y

summa

ry

Trap 1 Trap 2 Monthly

summary

Trap

1

Trap 2 Monthl

y

summa

ry

1 Seka

Chekorsa

399 385 784 559 557 1116 295 195 490

2 Shabe Senbo 852 842 1694 937 767 1704 256 254 510

3 Ginbo 483 519 1002 223 214 473 18 16 34

4 Sheh Bench 87 58 145 0 5 5 - - -

5 Debub Bench 91 39 130 64 108 172 - - -

6 Benatsmay - - - 1300 - 1300 172 - 172

7 Bahir Dar - - - - - - 142 172 314

Total 1,912 1,843 3,755 3,083 1,651 4,734 883 637 1,520

FAW Moth catch pheromone traps Monitoring weekly and monthly

Summary

Month 1 date 15-30/10/2010 total moth catch = 3,755

Month 2 date 1-30/11/2010 total moth catch = 4,734

Month 3 date 1-13/12/2010 total moth catch =1,520

Grand total =10,009

FAW Moth Monitoring reports

FAW infestation in Ethiopia

B. Season Long Monitoring of FAW

▪ As soon as Forecasters /Focal farmers and experts trained

pheromone traps installed (2 per village)

▪ Traps Daily monitored, recorded and report sent to all level

▪ Depending on moth presence /absence information early warming

given through any communication to the public

▪ Uniform data format shared

▪ Focal experts assigned at all level to prepare information and

report to all relevant bodies

▪ Weekly data summary of each village reported by hard copy,

email and mobile phones

12/10/2018 90

25/06/2018 or 18/10/201029/06/2018

Moth Monitoring and recording (Daily activity in model villages (620)

27/06/2018 or 20/10/201022/06/2018 or 15/10/2010

Moth Monitoring and recording (Daily activity in model villages (620)

Monthly Moth monitoring and Distribution

Field day held in SNNPR

Home page Main menu

TIP! do not log out(so you do not have to

log back in next time)

▪ The most infested crop is Maize and current field observation

shows Sorghum area coverage increases than last year.

▪ The Main season coverage of infested area is in 8 administrative

regional states, 393 Districts and 5,583 villages

▪ Total area planted 3.3 Million ha and infested area 643,877

ha which is 19% of total planted area.

▪ 163,692 (29%) treated by chemical,

▪ 408,590 (71%) managed by hand picking

▪ Total area treated 572,282 (89%) of total infested area

▪ 141,119 Liters of insecticide applie▪ 1,279,022 Farmers participated (191,519 Female farmers)

Status of FAW in Ethiopia

N

o

Regio Zo Dist Village Planted

(ha)

Infested Chemical Cultural Total Control Insectici

des

used (lt)ha % ha % ha % ha %

1 Oro 18 232 4,256 2,006,188 495,107 25 108,994 24. 341,404 75 450,398 91 104,379

2 Amhar11 85 942 702,046. 99,904 14

48,054.

158 34,867 42 82,921 83 29,599

3 Dire0 4 4 11,497 243. 2 291 100 0 0 291 90 291

4 Bensh 3 19 347 469,722 18,765 4 153 0.94 16,151 99 16,304 87 122

5 Gamb3 14 265 75,667 13,433 18 416 4 9,867.4 96 10,283 77 832

6 Tig 6 34 125 54,777 16,233 29 5,737 47 6,272 53 12,009 74 5,827

7 SNNR 1 5 13 4353 192. 4. 47 62 29 38 76 39 67.75

Total 42 393 5,583 3,324,250. 643,877 19 163,692

.

29 408,590 71 572,282 89 141,119

Status Of Fall Army worm out break and management

No Regions No of

Zones

Districts Village

s

Participated

Farmers

Total

Male female

1 Oromia 18 232 4,256 816,932 129,494 929,092

2 Amhara 11 85 942 215,168 30,408 245,576

3 Dire Dawa 0 4 4 790 47 837

4 Benshangu 3 19 347 33,150 14,989 48,139

5 Gambella 3 14 265 12,917 5,954 18,871

6 Tigiray 6 34 125 25,777 10,592 36,369

7 SNNR 1 5 13 103 35 138

Tota 42 393 5,583 1,104,837 191,519 1,279,022

Status Of Fall Army worm out break and management

Yenga degoma village Yenga degoma Village

Community Orientation and Mobilization

Mobilization Orientation in Secondary Schools

25/06/2018

Mobilization Orientation in Secondary Schools

Hirmaannaa Barattootaan/ Students Participation

Hanee Da’ooLarvae Funaaname

Yeroo Barattootaan

Funaanamu

Community Mobilization

Season Area (ha) 2017 2018 Difference

Belg/Minor

Season

Planted area 371,377 624,994 +253,617

Infested 52,559 133,195 +80,636

Control

Chemical

23,491 39,829+16,338

Cultural 12,646 74,231 +61,585

Fall Army worm out break and management in 2017 and 2018


Major

Season/

Meher

Planted area 2,065,655 3,020,931 +955,276

Infested (ha) 549,262 637,993 +88,731

Chemical (ha) 235,535 163,592 -71,942

Cultural (ha) 337,126 401,667 +64,540

Status of Fall Army worm out break and management in 2017 and 2018

Region 2017 2018

Oromia 120,944 132,896

SNNPR 65,587 8,000

Amhara 57200 11,000

Tigray 13,748 7,000

Somali 2,000 3,000

Harari 5,000 2,000

Dire Dawa 1,000 0

Gambella 4,600 0

Benshanul 1,700 1,000

Afar 03,000

271,779 167,896 (61.7%) reduced by 38.3%

Pesticides Distribution and trends


Major

Season/

Meher

Planted area 2,065,655 3,020,931 +955,276

Infested (ha) 549,262 637,993 +88,731

Chemical (ha) 235,535 163,592 -71,942

Cultural (ha) 337,126 401,667 +64,540

Status of Fall Army worm out break and management in 2017 and 2018

Economically important biological constraint of wheat production

Ethiopia is the largest wheat producer in SSA

Season Area Production Productivity

Meher 1.6mha 3.9mton 2.5 t/ha

Belg 63,196.03 ha 70,583.88 ton 1.12 t/ha

Average wheat productivity (t/ha)

❖ Ethiopian = 2.5

❖ Global = 3.2

❖ EthiopiaModel farmers = 5-8

Infectious diseases recorded on wheat in Ethiopia

❖Fungi -34

❖Bacteria - 2

❖Nematode - 4

Fugal Pathogens Fungal Disease Most damaging

Puccinia striiformis Stripe rust ***

Puccinia graminis f.tritici Stem rust ***

Septoria tritici Septoria leaf blotch ***

Puccinia recondita Leaf rust **

Ustilago tritici Loose smut

Gaeumannomyces graminis Take all

Psedocercosporella

herpotrichoides

Eye spot

Helminthosporium tritici-

repentis

Tan spot

Fusarium graminearum Head blight **

❖9 fungal diseases regularly attack wheat/widely in Ethiopia

Race identification

(e.g. TTKSK and TKTTF)

Resistance breakdown

cultivar

Infectious diseases recorded on wheat in Ethiopia

Rust host status facilitating survival, inoculum multiplication

and source- green bridging status

Disease Pathogen Primary hosts Alternate hosts

Leaf rust P. triticina BW and DW, triticale Thalictrum,

Anchusa, Isopyrum,

Clematis

Stem rust P. graminis f.

sp.tritici

BW and DW, barley,

triticale

- Berberis vulgaris

- Berberis holstii

Stripe

rust

P. striiformis f.

sp. tritici

BW and DW, triticale, a

few barley cultivars

✓Lolium temulentum✓Setaria pumila✓Avena fatua ✓Snowdenia polystachahya✓Cynodon dactylon✓Bromus pictinatus✓Euphorbia shiperiana

❖Yellow rust was noted on Phalaris spp and found poorly sporulating on s wheat

variety. Any ways grass weeds management is highly advisable.

❖Stem rust from L. multforum,

Hordeum spp & Setaria spp

infect wheat

❖Collateral

Wheat

▪ Wheat rust advisory technical committee established (MoA, EIAR,

ATA, CIMMYT)

▪ 50 front line districts selected from four regions for early warning

▪ DAs , District experts, zones and regions trained to conduct

monitoring and survey

▪ Research centers and PHCs linked to conduct seasonal survey

▪ IVR-SMS system used to transfer data early for early intervention

▪ Global forecast, meteorology information as well as forecast and

survey result used to give early warning to region bureaus

▪ Advisory team from CIMMYT and EIAR given forecast and early

warning for three months

▪ Following advisory forecast technical backstopping carried out to

assist management, input (Fungicide) supply, distribution and use

and handling

Wheat Rust information 2017 2018 Remarks

▪ Infested regions 4 4

▪ Infested zones 35 27

▪ Infested Districts 229 144

▪ Total area infested (ha) 271,170 220,310

▪ Total area treated (ha) 250,088 193,314

▪ Success 92% 87.74% Currenc

y

▪ Amount of fungicides

applied

209,253 112,772 d/t dose

2017 and 2018 wheat rust outbreak control comparison

However, for the purpose of control of migratory pest (desert

Locust, army worm and grain eating birds), Information

collection, Monitoring, forecasting and Early Warning activities

are being undertaken.

The activities are done at Regional Level Forecasting (DLCO-

EA), National Level Forecasting (PHRD, MOA), Community

Based Armyworm Monitoring, Forecasting and Early Warning

Program (Front line villages and Target Districts).

Monitoring and collection of information is done through

utilization of Pheromone traps, lures that are located at national

sites and Community based front line Districts and villages and

the information are conveyed through mobile SMS by

One of the main focuses of the MoA had been the provision of in-

service training trainings based on assessment of needs of field

staff, preparation of training programs and materials and conduct

the trainings.

Technologies, information and knowledge that have been

generated by the research system have been compiled into crop

production packages’ components and have been delivered to

users in different training forums.

Production and distribution of training materials and provision of

trainings to development agents.

CAPACITY BUILDING

Trainings for locust control scouts, forecasters and experts

working at different levels are being delivered.

Training of locust scouts and community elders is undertaken

annually in collaboration with DLCO-EA in Eastern and North

eastern Ethiopia (Somali, Oromia, Dire Dawa, Afar, Tigray and

Amhara regions).

CAPACITY BUILDING

In the last about one decade, the pest management support

service that has been given by the MoANR to smallholders was

declining and significantly reduced in the last about five years

and has reached its lowest point

Control of Desert locust, migratory birds and army worm is left

to the ministry while routine control of regular pest in the hands

of regions

REGULAR PESTS MANAGEMENT SUPPORT SERVICE

Insufficient facilities, equipment and manpower

Absence of Post Entry Quarantine and pest free area system

The need to carry out pest survey and surveillance

Insufficient training for the plant protection personnel

Absence of proper plant quarantine policy

Absence of revision of plant quarantine regulation

Poor importation control

Lack of awareness

Failure to implement the Pest Management Support Service strategy

Pesticides use and handling problems, illegal trade, etc ??????

CHALLENGES AND GAPS

▪ Lack of laboratory to conduct quality control of imported

pesticides

▪ In the process of pesticide registration, shortage of trained man

power,

▪ Lack of awareness on pesticide related legislations Illegal and

▪ low quality dossier are some of the problems encountered.

▪ Limited resource to carry out year round area wide pest survey,

awareness creation and technical assistance to farmers at all level

CHALLENGES AND GAPS

Thank you for your kind attention!!!


Presentations:

Enhancing Livestock Feed Security

System

Enhancing Livestock Feed Security System: Early Warning Systemsand Feed Banks

Harinder Makkar

International Consultant&

Adjunct Professor, University of Hohenheim, Germany

Guest Professor: - Nanjing University, China

- Gansu University, China

- University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia

- University Agriculture, Mongolia

Outline

Aimed to enhance drought preparedness through development of early warning systems

…. driven by national organizations (with the support of international organizations)

• Predictive Livestock Early Warning System (PLEWS) establishment in Ethiopia

• Feed Security Assessment in Ethiopia: training & implementation of an FAO tool

Aimed to enhance feed availability during droughts to prevent animal deaths and increase

livestock productivity and livelihoods (have to be market oriented and based on business

models)

• Fodder production and management … a global view from FAO Projects

• Strategic feed bank establishment for drought-prone areas (only this covered here)

• Animal feed based entrepreneurship development

• An innovative 3-phase feeding strategy for livestock production in drought-prone areas

Predictive Livestock Early Warning System (PLEWS) establishment

in Ethiopia

What is PLEWS?

The Predictive Livestock Early Warning System is an innovative early

warning tool that predicts forage availability.

A prediction over the next six months as to what is most likely to happen to

forage availability.

The PLEWS is a system that uses NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)

data and models this against edible vegetation (based on high resolution

satellite imagery and ground truthing), surface water availability, soil condition.

It generates Fodder Condition Score (FCI), monthly which can be aggregated to

a season or a year

What are its applications?

• Assist in planning and preparedness for droughts.

• Assist in augmenting National Drought Management Authority contingency

fund disbursement based on evidence

• Provides lead time for resource mobilization, leading to better planning

and preparedness

• Provides easy to use visualization maps for decision support.

What are its applications?

Can assist in differentiating available biomass for different kinds of livestock based

on palatability/preference

Can provide a direct linkage of available biomass on rangelands that can be used

in feed inventories

Due to climate change, predictive tool is designed to improve adaptive

management decisions for improved drought response.

Helps in better understanding of forage availability, livestock production,

livelihood and malnutritional status of mothers and infants.

Color FCI values Forage Condition

3-monthly average

>50 Good Forage Condition

35 to 50 Normal Forage Condition

21 to 34 Moderate Forage Deficit

10 to 20 Severe Forage Deficit

<10 Extreme Forage Deficit

Forage Condition Index (FCI)

PLEW MAPA OF KENYA FOR 2017

Jan Feb March April May June

July Augus

t

Sept Oct Nov

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

2017January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Observations:

a) it is getting

dryer and there

have been three

full years with

limited recovery

(since the end of

2013)

b) Conditions are

predicted to

continue to

worsen until June

where some slight

improvement is

expected. This

does however

very much depend

on the

performance of

the March, April,

May rains which

are already

delayed.

Linking PLEWS values to malnutrition

and livelihood dependence on Natural

Resources

Note that in the following graphs, there is a direct

relationship between MUAC plot and FCI which is significant

at 0.001 (95% confidence interval).

MUAC = Mid Upper Arm Circumference Indicator

FCI IndicatorPercentage of under 5 children not at risk from Malnutrition

SO

UR

CE

: N

DM

A (

for

MU

AC

da

ta a

nd

PLE

WS

fo

r FC

I d

ata

• Targeting areas where livestock play a more important role in livelihoods will

have a greater impact on nutrition indications (example Kilifi vs Isiolo or

Barrringo).

• Targeting breeding / milking herds (primarily those that do not move with the

main herd) must be the no. 1 priority. These animals should be provided with

access to water and a ration that accounts for milk production

• Long term focus on agricultural production is and absolute necessity.

Decades or under investment in the agricultural sector is a serious threat to

future food security.

Core messages from PLEWS studies related to Nutrition .. Kenya

Animal Feed Security Assessment Tools

Animal Feed Security Assessment Tools

• Unavailability of feeds and water scarcity -- main causes of livestock mortality during droughts.

• The feed security assessment is a key element in the early warning system

• Challenge: unavailability of Animal Feed Security Assessment Tool that could be integrated into food security and nutrition assessment tools

Objectives

• Assess the performance of long rains and their impact on feed security in pastoral, agro-pastoral and mixed crop-livestock areas

• Identify livelihood zones/wards which will need assistance towards provision of livestock feed

Scope• Assessment of feed security at the community level -- could be a Kebele,

Wordera, Zone or Region

• Assist donors, international and national agencies and livestock farmers to better plan the feed requirements for the drought as well as the normal periods.

• Assessment at the household level

• Help understand the relationship between livestock feed availability, animal source food production, human nutrition and livelihood.

• Information generated would assist planners to give due weightage to livestock production in relation to human nutrition and livelihood of livestock farmers including pastoralists.

• Aggregated values give feed security situation in a village.

Basis

• Feed assessment, livestock population and then feed balance

• Feed assessment in Pastoral areas – Pictorial evaluation tool (PET)

• Feed assessment in Agro-pastoral & Mixed crop livestock systems –PET plus conversion of grain and oilseeds amount to their by-products (crop residues and oilseed cakes) plus cultivate fodder, if any

• Body condition score using PET

Reporting

Out of 4 months of drought period, if

feed availability is for:

a) 3 months, severity of feed insecurity: Minimal

b) 2 months, severity of feed insecurity: Stressed

c) 1 month, severity of feed insecurity: Crisis

d) If the Body Condition Score (BCS) is 1 or approaching 1 & feed

availability is for less than one month, the situation is grave and

severity of Feed Insecurity ‘Crisis’

Observation level -- PET

Picture library and forage biomass quantity

Strategic feed bank establishment for drought-prone areas

Feed Balance for 10 Regions of Ethiopia

Region Feed balance,

DM (%)

Feed balance,

ME (%)

Feed balance,

CP (%)

Tigray -17.4 -50.9 -48.6

Afar -35.1 -50.9 -48.1

Amhara -9.6 -46.6 -43.2

Oromia -4.0 -43.04 -41.6

Somali +31.5 -3.4 +2.0

Benishangul-

Gumuz

+173.9 +63.7 +92.9

SNNPR* -34.2 -59.4 -53.7

Gambela +284.3 +141.3 +164.9

Harari -59.7 -74.3 -79.1

Dire Dawa -50.6 -66.3 -72.5

TOTAL -9.4 -45.2 -42.3

Percent Feed balance as dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME)

Biomass Availability .. Ethiopia

Crop residue / brans

Sugarcane topsSugarcane bagasse

Grass hay

Oilseed cakes

Browses/bushes

Pulse by-products

(http://www.fao.org/3/CA1718EN/ca1718en.pdf )

http://www.fao.org/3/CA1718EN/ca1718en.pdf

Sugarcane topsSugarcane bagasse(373000 tonnes)

Grass hay (4.7 milliontonne)

- Densified block manufacturingunits and/or

- Hay/crop residuedensification

Fodder/feed bank

If 50% of + can be utilized

- Cover feed requirement, @ 2.5%

BW, of 4.44 million cattle or

44.4 million shots for 90 days

A conceptual framework for feed bank establishment

Focus on densification .. block, cube or pellet production

• Total mixed ration formulation (mesh form) – a complete feed

with all ingredients

• Tube/pit silage formation

• Chopped fodder/forage supply

Feed Technologies

Pit silageTube silage

• Production of straw-, bagasse- or

hay-based feed blocks

• Production of straw-, bagasse- or hay-based feed pellets

Feed Technologies

• Production of forage/fodder

cubes

• Production of large scale total mixed ration

Feed Technologies

• Choppers and shredders

• Production of large-scale total mixed ration

• machines

Agriculture equipment making companies ….local production

Agriculture equipment making companies … local production

• Forage pellet and blockmaking machine

• Straw mowers and pick-up machines

Agriculture equipment making companies … local production

• Fodder mower

• Straw shredders

• Fodder, brewers grain orhigh moisture feed dryer

Thanks for your attention


Any Other Business

And thank you for Attendance

ANNEX 1 – ATTENDANCE LISTOrganizations Acronym Name Surname PositionMinistry of Agriculture and Livestock Resource MoALR Abdulsemed Abdo Advisor to Agri State MinisterFood and Agriculture Organization / DRM- Agriculture Task Force FAO/ATF Farshad Tami Cluster/Sector CoordinatorFood and Agriculture Organization / DRM- Agriculture Task Force FAO/ATF Iga Denis Espico Cluster/Sector IMOFood and Agriculture Organization FAO Mahlet Mulugeta Resilience Support OfficerFood and Agriculture Organization FAO Akloweg Nigatu National Project CoordinatorFood and Agriculture Organization FAO Harinder Makkar Livestock Feed Consultant/ExpertMinistry of Agriculture and Livestock Resource MoALR Getachew MuliteMinistry of Agriculture and Livestock Resource MoALR Esayas Lemma Exention DirectorMinistry of Agriculture and Livestock Resource MoALR Zebdwos Salato Crop pests & diseasesMinistry of Agriculture and Livestock Resource MoALR Mekonnen W/Gebriel LivestockNational Meteorology Agency NMA Yimer Asefa Metrologist USAID/OFDA USAID Sintayehu ManayeAction Against Hunger AAH Temesgen Tamiru Deputy Food Security, Livelihoods and Disaster Risk

Management Technical AdvisorAgro-pastoral initiative for development API Remedan Awel Mohammed A. ProgramsCaritas Switzerland CACH Ebisa GashuCatholic Relief Service CRS Wondimu BayuDevelopment Fund of Ethiopia DFE Edries Mohammed Agriculture development AdvisorFood for the Hungry Ethiopia FHE Elias Worku Early Warning CoordinatorLutheran World Federation LWF Betselot Teklu Programme CoordinatorMothers and Children Multisectoral Development Organisation MCMDO Tamrat Habte EHF Project Coordinator (Addis)Norwegian Refugee Council NRC Yared Ayele Food Security CoordinatorNorwegian Refugee Council NRC Mary Khozowbah LFS SpecialistRelief Society of Tigray REST Yibrah Hagos Sen. Fundraising OfficerSave the Children International SCI Tesfu Kahsay TTL, Livelihoods, Resilience and WaSH Self Help Africa SHA Moges Gobena Project ManagerVétérinaires Sans Frontières - Germany VSF-G Merkeb Belay M&E ManagerVétérinaires Sans Frontières - Switzerland VSF-S Amanuel Kassie SPSS and DS Coordinator

DRM Agriculture Task Force - HumanitarianResponse · DRM – Agriculture Task Force Minutes of...

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