Drivers and Data for Design Teams - Stanford University · An outcome-based energy code • Would...
Transcript of Drivers and Data for Design Teams - Stanford University · An outcome-based energy code • Would...
Evidence-based Design
Drivers and Data for Design Teams
BECC ConferenceSacramento, CA
November 16, 2010
Cathy HigginsProgram Director
new buildings institute• Non-profit, think tank on commercial
building energy efficiency• Formed in December 1997 • Funding
– Sponsors: includes SCE, PG&E, NGrid, NYSERDA, CEC, SMUD, NEEA
– Major Grants: EPA, EF, Doris Duke, Kresge
– Contracts: USGBC, CEC PIER, DOE, EPA
– Staff in Vancouver, Seattle, and White Salmon, Washington
Evidence-based Design and Operations is a California Energy Commission
Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) project
Common Interests
Do design firms want to create buildings of beauty that meet the clients program AND are energy and environmentally responsible?
No
Yes
CAMP
California Advisors on Measured Performance (CAMP)A & E firm advisors to PIER and related measured performance projects
Design team as Advocates for Energy Efficiency
Recognition, Image, Incentives
Performance Feedback
Policies & regulations
Design Team
Client / Owner
Design Tools
12/6/20106
Policies & Regulations
Rating & Disclosure Mandates
Enacted Building types Disclosure Also required
California 2007 Nonresidential Point of Transaction: Buyers, lessees and lenders
Utility assistance
Austin, TX 2008 Nonresidential + multifamily
Point of Transaction: Buyers + public display for multifamily
Energy audits + some retrofits for multifamily
District of Columbia 2008 Nonresidential Annual to public web site
Disclosure of energy use estimations for new buildings
Washington State 2009 Nonresidential Point of Transaction: Buyers, lessees
and lenders
Utility assistance; minimum ratings for state leases
New York City 2009 Nonresidential + multifamily
Annual to public web site Energy audits & retro commissioning
Seattle 2010 Nonresidential + multifamily
Annual to city + Point of Transaction: Buyers, lessees , lenders + current tenants
Utility assistance
Others Pending Source: Institute for Market Transformation
Ratings & Labels
Benchmark first then: Label @ design and @ operations
Levels of Metering
• Whole building metering • Tenant space sub-metering• Load-type isolation (Design for Meterability)
– HVAC– Lighting– Building Operations (elevators, automatic doors, etc.)– Miscellaneous (plug and process loads)
• Metering of on-site renewables• All connected to a data acquisition system
Process diagram for data collection from meters to software tools
Proposal for the International Green Code Council (IgCC)
An outcome-based energy code
• Would be based on achieving actual post-retrofit performance outcomes rather than applying prescriptive codes
• Would leverage current efforts toward annual disclosure and benchmarking of performance of all buildings
Probable Pilots: Seattle, Vancouver B.C.
an outcome-based code is worth exploring
• Can include typical “unregulated” loads• Puts appropriate pressure on operations
and Cx to assure that equipment works and is properly controlled
• Credits good daylighting design and natural ventilation – difficult now
• Breaks policy silos by becoming a reference point for multiple entities
• Narrows the gap between design and actual performance – puts pressure on design teams (or design build) to optimize the solution set.
Feedback on Key Performance Indicators
Glazing performance – building orientation – cooling efficiency – infiltration –operating hours – climate – weather – occupant density – heating efficiency –duct design – fan size – window area – HVAC control sophistication – building
mass – interior shading – occupant habits – data centers – kitchen equipment –lighting power density – filter condition – wall color – lighting controls - furniture configuration – exterior vegetation - operable window use – insolation- glazing
orientation – wall insulation – ventilation rate - exposed interior surface characteristics - domestic hot water use – number of computers – copiers and
printers – elevators – exterior lighting - occupant gender ratio – elevation –photovoltaics - development density – register location – cooling distribution
system – roof insulation – building manager training – cool roof – building surface to volume ratio – building use type – janitorial services – metering strategies – commissioning – structural system – acoustic treatment – slab edge detailing – night setback temperature – ground water temperature –
humidity – occupant dress code – lamp replacement strategy – roof slope –daylight controls – sensor calibration – corporate culture – lease terms – utility meter characteristics – parking garage ventilation – HVAC system capacity –
number of separate tenants – retail space – age of equipment – ceiling height –heating fuel – transformer capacity – window mullion pattern – terms of
maintenance contract – wall thickness – building height – lighting fixture layout – overhangs – thermostat location – exit lighting – private offices – refrigerators
– solar hot water – utility meter – load diversity
Glazing performance – building orientation – cooling efficiency – infiltration –operating hours – climate – weather – occupant density – heating efficiency –duct design – fan size – window area – HVAC control sophistication – building
mass – interior shading – occupant habits – data centers – kitchen equipment –lighting power density – filter condition – wall color – lighting controls - furniture configuration – exterior vegetation - operable window use – insolation- glazing
orientation – wall insulation – ventilation rate - exposed interior surface characteristics - domestic hot water use – number of computers – copiers and
printers – elevators – exterior lighting - occupant gender ratio – elevation –photovoltaics - development density – register location – cooling distribution
system – roof insulation – building manager training – cool roof – building surface to volume ratio – building use type – janitorial services – metering strategies – commissioning – structural system – acoustic treatment – slab edge detailing – night setback temperature – ground water temperature –
humidity – occupant dress code – lamp replacement strategy – roof slope –daylight controls – sensor calibration – corporate culture – lease terms – utility meter characteristics – parking garage ventilation – HVAC system capacity –
number of separate tenants – retail space – age of equipment – ceiling height –heating fuel – transformer capacity – window mullion pattern – terms of
maintenance contract – wall thickness – building height – lighting fixture layout – overhangs – thermostat location – exit lighting – private offices – refrigerators
– solar hot water – utility meter – load diversity
Glazing performance – building orientation – cooling efficiency – infiltration –operating hours – climate – weather – occupant density – heating efficiency –duct design – fan size – window area – HVAC control sophistication – building
mass – interior shading – occupant habits – data centers – kitchen equipment –lighting power density – filter condition – wall color – lighting controls - furniture configuration – exterior vegetation - operable window use – insolation- glazing
orientation – wall insulation – ventilation rate - exposed interior surface characteristics - domestic hot water use – number of computers – copiers and
printers – elevators – exterior lighting - occupant gender ratio – elevation –photovoltaics - development density – register location – cooling distribution
system – roof insulation – building manager training – cool roof – building surface to volume ratio – building use type – janitorial services – metering strategies – commissioning – structural system – acoustic treatment – slab edge detailing – night setback temperature – ground water temperature –
humidity – occupant dress code – lamp replacement strategy – roof slope –daylight controls – sensor calibration – corporate culture – lease terms – utility meter characteristics – parking garage ventilation – HVAC system capacity –
number of separate tenants – retail space – age of equipment – ceiling height –heating fuel – transformer capacity – window mullion pattern – terms of
maintenance contract – wall thickness – building height – lighting fixture layout – overhangs – thermostat location – exit lighting – private offices – refrigerators
– solar hot water – utility meter – load diversity
What do we measure?
CONNECTED LOAD LIGHTING
POWER DENSITY
Old System 1,564 W 1.04 W/SF
New System 2,076 W 1.32 W/SF
CA T24 code (2005) with controls allowance = 1.37 Office of the Future Pilot Project
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Weekday Hour (HH)
Lightin
g Po
wer Den
sity (W
/SF)
T‐24 ‐2008 Installed LPD ‐Standard ControlsMeter 15‐min Maximum(W/SF)Meter Average (W/SF)
T24 max ‘Power’ T24 assumed energy
Landmark System Performance
Savings
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0:00 1:12 2:24 3:36 4:48 6:00 7:12 8:24 9:36 10:48 12:00 13:12 14:24 15:36 16:48 18:00 19:12 20:24 21:36 22:48 0:00
Lumenergi Weekday AverageGSA BaselineConnected Load
San Francisco OfficeLumenergi ‐Workstation Specific Lighting
Weekday averageConnected loadBaseline
W/SF
Time of Day
Plug Loads
19
Plug Load Existing Condition
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0:00 1:12 2:24 3:36 4:48 6:00 7:12 8:24 9:36 10:48 12:00 13:12 14:24 15:36 16:48 18:00 19:12 20:24 21:36 22:48 0:00
4 California commercial office
buildings
W/SF
Time of Day
Comparing Models to ActualEasier with Energy Signature
• Compare EUIs
• Compare Signatures
82.4 98.195.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120kbtu/sq ft/yr [Actual for year ending 12/2009]Design- Actual- Baseline-
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Aver
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Pow
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Monthly Average Degrees F
Measured year 2008 & design model
Total measured signature
Design total signature
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ensi
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Monthly Average Degrees F
Design Model
Design total signature
Design electric signature
Electric design points
Design fuel signature
Fuel design points
Primary Performance Areas as seen by First View tool
Design & construction:
–Signature slopes↔ Shell, HVAC
Tenants / Occupants:Schedule & plug loads ↔ Internal gains
Operations:Controls‐related issues ↔ Model interactions and relationships
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35 45 55 65Av
erag
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urly
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ge,
W/s
f
Mean Monthly Temperature, deg F
Heat‐G
Heat‐E
Cool‐E
DHW (E or G)
Int+Ext Gain
Ref: 4
First View
Relative vs. Absolute energy
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Mea
sure
d EU
I (kb
tu/s
f)
"The Barn" Certified Silver Gold Platinum
NBI Study of the measured performance of 100 LEED buildings.
Design team as Advocates for Energy Efficiency
Recognition, Image, Incentives
Performance Feedback
Policies & regulations
Design Team
Client / Owner
Design Tools
Snapshot Summary:Designers need
• Receptive owners / clients– Policies
• Disclosure, Labeling, Codes, Metering– Incentives & Promotion
• Evidence on performance– Feedback on their buildings– Comparative data